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Vingulmark
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[[File:Kart over Viken.png|right|thumb|Map of Vingulmörk and Vestfold <br>''Norges historie fremstillet for det norske folk I-2'' (1910)]] '''Vingulmark''' (Old Norse ''Vingulmǫrk'') is the old name for the area in [[Norway]] which today makes up the counties of [[Østfold]], western parts of [[Akershus]] (excluding [[Romerike]]), and eastern parts of [[Buskerud]] ([[Hurum]] and [[Røyken]] municipalities), and includes the site of Norway's capital, [[Oslo]]. During the Middle Ages, Vingulmark was an administrative unit limited to [[Oslo]], [[Bærum]] and [[Asker]]. ==Etymology== The [[Old Norse]] form of the name was ''Vingulmǫrk''. The first part of the name, Vingul, is the accusative case of Vingull, "[[Festuca|fescue]]", or "[[fool (disambiguation)|fool]]". The last element of the name, ''mark'' or plural ''mǫrk'', "forest" or "[[March (territorial entity)|March]]", i.e. ''the forest of fescues/fools''.<ref>[https://snl.no/Vingulmark Vingulmark - Store norske leksikon], snl.no</ref> The [[Lexicon Poeticon]] and [[Völsa Þattr]] tells that 'vingull' is the name for a stallions genitalia [https://onp.ku.dk/onp/onp.php?c729637] ==History== According to medieval [[kings' sagas]], it was a [[Viking Age]] [[petty kingdom]]. Vingulmark was one of the four counties under the Court of Law, which together constituted the ancient landscape of [[Viken, Norway|Viken]]. Archaeologists have made finds of richly endowed burials in the area around the estuary of the river [[Glomma]], at [[Onsøy]], [[Rolvsøy]] and [[Tune, Norway|Tune]], where the remains of a ship, the [[Tune ship]], were found. This indicates that there was an important center of power in this area.<ref>Bergljot Solberg, ''Jernalderen i Norge'', (Oslo, 2000), p. 279</ref> There are indications that at least the southern part of this area was under Danish rule in the late 9th century. In the account of [[Ohthere of Hålogaland|Ottar]], which was written down at the court of the English king [[Alfred the Great]], Ottar says that when he sailed south from [[Skiringssal]], he had Denmark on the port side for three days. This would include parts of Vingulmark. Snorri Sturluson writes in [[Heimskringla]] and [[Fagrskinna]], that King [[Harald Fairhair]] inherited part of Vingulmark from his father [[Halfdan the Black]]. King Harald defeated King [[Gandalf Alfgeirsson|Gandalf]], who had previously held half of Vingulmark. [[Snorri Sturluson]] relates in ''[[Heimskringla]]'' that the area was also claimed by the Swedish King [[Erik Emundsson]]. The Norwegians invaded [[Götaland]] to defend their claim.<ref>[http://mcllibrary.org/Heimskringla/halfdan.html ''Halfdan the Black Saga'' (Heimskringla or The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway)]</ref><ref>[http://mcllibrary.org/Heimskringla/harfager.html ''Harald Harfager's Saga'' (Heimskringla or The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway)]</ref> ==Legendary rulers== The sagas name several more or less legendary kings as rulers of Vingulmark: * [[Gudrød the Hunter]], half of Vingulmark * Alfgeir (Old Norse: ''Álfgeir'') * [[Gandalf Alfgeirsson]] * [[Halfdan the Black]] * [[Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf|Olaf Haraldsson]] * [[Tryggve Olafsson]] * [[Harald Gudrødsson Grenske]], 976-987 ==See also== * [[Germanic peoples]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other sources== *{{cite book|last1=Sandnes|first1=Jørn|last2=Stemshaug|first2=Ola|title=Norsk stadnamnleksikon|place=[[Oslo]]|publisher=Det norske samlaget|year=1980|isbn=82-52-109993}} *{{cite book|last=Sturlasson|first=Snorre|title=Snorres kongesagaer (Heimskringla|place=[[Oslo]]|year=1979|isbn=82-05-31464-0}} ==External links== *[http://www.heimskringla.no/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k?search=vingulmark&go=G%C3%A5 Heimskringla references] {{Germanic peoples}} [[Category:History of Oslo]] [[Category:Petty kingdoms of Norway]]
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