Editing Vladimir Vapnik

{{Short description|Russian mathematician}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Vladimir N. Vapnik
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1936|12|6}}
| birth_place = Tashkent, Uzbek SSR
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| fields = [[Machine learning]]<br>[[Statistics]]
| workplaces = [https://research.facebook.com/ai Facebook Artificial Intelligence Research]<br>[[Vencore Labs]]<br>[[NEC Laboratories America]]<br>[[AT&T Bell Laboratories|Adaptive Systems Research
Department, AT&T Bell Laboratories]]<br>[[Royal Holloway, University of London]]<br>[[Columbia University]]
| alma_mater = [[Russian Academy of Sciences|Institute of Control Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences]]<br>[[Uzbek State University]]
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| doctoral_advisor = [[Alexander Lerner]]
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| known_for = [[Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory]]<br>[[Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension]]<br>[[Support-vector machine]]<br>Support-vector clustering algorithm<br>[[Statistical learning theory]]<br>[[Structural risk minimization]]
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| awards = [[Kolmogorov Medal]] (2018)<br>[[IEEE John von Neumann Medal]] (2017)<br>[[Joseph Kampé de Fériet|Kampé de Fériet]] Award (2014)<br>[[C&C Prize]] (2013)<br>[[Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute)|Benjamin Franklin Medal]] (2012) <br>[[IEEE Frank Rosenblatt Award]] (2012)<br>[[IEEE Computational Intelligence Society|IEEE Neural Networks Pioneer Award]] (2010) <br> [[Paris Kanellakis Award]] (2008)<br>Fellow of the U.S. [[National Academy of Engineering]] (2006)<br>[[Gabor Award, International Neural Network Society]] (2005)<br>[[Humboldt Prize|Alexander Humboldt Research Award]] (2003)
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'''Vladimir Naumovich Vapnik''' ({{langx|ru|Владимир Наумович Вапник}}; born 6 December 1936) is a statistician, researcher, and academic. He is one of the main developers of the [[Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory]] of [[statistical learning]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.springer.com/us/book/9780387987804|title=The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory {{!}} Vladimir Vapnik {{!}} Springer|year=2000|doi=10.1007/978-1-4757-3264-1|language=en|last1=Vapnik|first1=Vladimir N.|isbn=978-1-4419-3160-3|s2cid=7138354}}</ref> and the co-inventor of the [[support-vector machine]] method and support-vector clustering algorithms.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cortes|first1=Corinna|last2=Vapnik|first2=Vladimir|date=1995-09-01|title=Support-vector networks|journal=Machine Learning|language=en|volume=20|issue=3|pages=273–297|doi=10.1007/BF00994018|issn=0885-6125|citeseerx=10.1.1.15.9362|s2cid=206787478}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Vladimir Vapnik was born to a [[Jewish]] family<ref>''Estimation of Dependences Based on Empirical Data'', (Springer Science & Business Media, 28 Sep 2006), By V. Vapnik, page 424</ref> in the [[Soviet Union]]. He received his master's degree in mathematics from the [[Samarkand State University|Uzbek State University]], [[Samarkand]], [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic|Uzbek SSR]] in 1958 and [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]] in [[statistics]] at the Institute of Control Sciences, [[Moscow]] in 1964. He worked at this institute from 1961 to 1990 and became Head of the Computer Science Research Department.<ref name=Frank12 />

==Academic career==
At the end of 1990, Vladimir Vapnik moved to the [[United States|USA]] and joined the Adaptive Systems Research Department at [[AT&T Corporation|AT&T]] [[Bell Labs]] in [[Holmdel, New Jersey]]. While at AT&T, Vapnik and his colleagues did work on the [[support-vector machine]] (SVM), which he also worked on much earlier before moving to the USA. They demonstrated its performance on a number of problems of interest to the [[machine learning]] community, including [[handwriting recognition]]. The group later became the Image Processing Research Department of [[AT&T Laboratories]] when AT&T spun off [[Lucent Technologies]] in 1996. In 2001, [[Asa Ben-Hur]], [[David Horn (Israeli physicist)]], [[Hava Siegelmann]] and Vapnik developed Support-Vector Clustering,<ref>Support Vector Clustering. Journal of Machine Learning Research 2, 125-137 (2001)</ref> which enabled the algorithm to categorize inputs without labels—becoming one of the most ubiquitous data clustering applications in use. Vapnik left AT&T in 2002 and joined [[NEC]] Laboratories in [[Princeton, New Jersey]], where he worked in the Machine Learning group. He also holds a Professor of Computer Science and Statistics position at [[Royal Holloway, University of London]] since 1995, as well as a position as Professor of Computer Science at [[Columbia University]], [[New York City]] since 2003.<ref>{{cite book |last=Scholkopf  |first=Bernhard|date=2013 |title=Empirical Inference: Festschrift in Honor of Vladimir N. Vapnik |chapter-url= https://www.springer.com/computer/ai/book/978-3-642-41135-9 |publisher=Springer |chapter=Preface  |isbn=978-3-642-41136-6 }}</ref> As of February 1, 2021, he has an [[h-index]] of 86 and, overall, his publications have been cited 226597 times.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vtegaJgAAAAJ&hl=en|title = Google Scholar Record of Vapnik}}</ref> His book on "The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory" alone has been cited 91650 times.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024|reason=at what time?}}

On November 25, 2014, Vapnik joined Facebook Artificial Intelligence Research (now [[Meta AI]]),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://research.facebook.com/ai|title=Facebook AI Research|website=FAIR|access-date=2016-09-20}}; "see also" {{Cite web|url=https://research.fb.com/people/vapnik-vladimir/ |title=Facebook Research, ("People" entry for "Vladimir Vapnik") |access-date=2017-09-06}}</ref> where he is working alongside his longtime collaborators Jason Weston, [[Léon Bottou]], Ronan Collobert, and [[Yann LeCun]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2014/11/25/facebooks-ai-team-hires-vladimir-vapnik-father-of-the-popular-support-vector-machine-algorithm/ |title=Facebook's AI team hires Vladimir Vapnik, father of the popular support vector machine algorithm |year=2014 |publisher=VentureBeat |access-date={{Format date|2014|11|28}}}}</ref>
In 2016, he also joined [[Peraton Labs]].

==Honors and awards==
Vladimir Vapnik was inducted into the U.S. [[National Academy of Engineering]] in 2006. He received the 2005 Gabor Award from the [[International Neural Network Society]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inns.org/inns-awards-recipients |title= INNS awards recipients |year=2005|publisher=International Neural Network Society|access-date={{Format date|2014|11|28}}}}</ref> the 2008 [[Paris Kanellakis Award]], the 2010 Neural Networks Pioneer Award,<ref>[http://ieee-cis.org/awards/recipients/ IEEE Computational Intelligence Society.]</ref> the 2012 [[IEEE Frank Rosenblatt Award]], the 2012 [[Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute)|Benjamin Franklin Medal]] in Computer and Cognitive Science from the [[Franklin Institute]],<ref name=Frank12>{{cite web|url=https://www.fi.edu/laureates/vladimir-vapnik |title=Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science |year=2012 |publisher=Franklin Institute |access-date={{Format date|2013|04|06}}}}</ref> the 2013 [[C&C Prize]] from the [[NEC]] C&C Foundation,<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.nec.com/en/press/201310/global_20131024_01.html |title=NEC C&C Foundation Awards 2013 C&C Prize |year=2013 |publisher=NEC |access-date={{Format date|2013|12|03}}}}</ref> the 2014 Kampé de Fériet Award, the 2017
[[IEEE John von Neumann Medal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ieee.org/documents/von_neumann_rl.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619223921/http://ieee.org/documents/von_neumann_rl.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 19, 2010|title=IEEE JOHN VON NEUMANN MEDAL RECIPIENTS
|website=[[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE)
}}</ref> In 2018, he received the Kolmogorov Medal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kolmogorov.clrc.rhul.ac.uk|title=Kolmogorov Lecture and Medal}}</ref> from [[University of London]] and delivered the Kolmogorov Lecture. In 2019, Vladimir Vapnik received
[[BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards|BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award]].{{cn|date=March 2024}}

==Selected publications==
* ''On the uniform convergence of relative frequencies of events to their probabilities'', co-author A. Y. Chervonenkis, 1971
* ''Necessary and sufficient conditions for the uniform convergence of means to their expectations'', co-author A. Y. Chervonenkis, 1981
* ''Estimation of Dependences Based on Empirical Data'', 1982
* ''The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory'', 1995
* ''Statistical Learning Theory'' (1998). Wiley-Interscience, {{ISBN|0-471-03003-1}}.
* ''Estimation of Dependences Based on Empirical Data'', Reprint 2006 (Springer), also contains a philosophical essay on ''Empirical Inference Science'', 2006

==See also==
* [[Alexey Chervonenkis]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.lecun.org/gallery/libpro/20011121-allyourbayes/dsc01228-02-h.jpg Photograph of Professor Vapnik]
* [http://clrc.rhul.ac.uk/people/vlad Vapnik's brief biography] from the Computer Learning Research Centre, Royal Holloway
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STFcvzoxVw4&list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4&t=3147s Interview by Lex Fridman]

{{Kanellakis Award laureates}}
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[[Category:Academics of Royal Holloway, University of London]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Columbia University faculty]]
[[Category:Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty]]
[[Category:Machine learning researchers]]
[[Category:Soviet emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Soviet computer scientists]]
[[Category:Soviet mathematicians]]
[[Category:American mathematicians]]
[[Category:American computer scientists]]
[[Category:Russian Jews]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Jewish Russian scientists]]
[[Category:Scientists at Bell Labs]]
[[Category:The Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science laureates]]