Editing Voice frequency

{{Short description|Audio frequencies used for the transmission of speech}}
{{About|a technical treatment of the human voice|voice categories derived from a European musical history|vocal range|a more general discussion of musical vocal ranges|Voice classification in non-classical music}}
{|class="wikitable floatright"
|+Audio bands in telephony<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cox |first1=R. V. |last2=Neto |first2=S. F. De Campos |last3=Lamblin |first3=C. |last4=Sherif |first4=M. H. |title=ITU-T coders for wideband, superwideband, and fullband speech communication [Series Editorial] |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5273816 |journal=IEEE Communications Magazine |pages=106–109 |doi=10.1109/MCOM.2009.5273816 |date=October 2009|volume=47 |issue=10 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
! Name !! Range (Hz)
|-
| Narrowband || 300–3,400
|-
| [[Wideband audio|Wideband]] || 50–7,000
|-
| [[Wideband audio|Superwideband]] || 50–14,000
|-
| [[Hearing range#Humans|Fullband]] || 20–20,000
|}
A '''voice frequency''' ('''VF''') or '''voice band''' is the range of [[Audio frequency|audio frequencies]] used for the [[transmission (telecommunications)|transmission]] of [[speech]].

== Frequency band ==
In [[telephony]], the usable [[human voice|voice]] frequency band ranges from approximately 300 to 3400&nbsp;[[Hertz|Hz]].<ref name="bldrdoc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-039/_5829.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020083412/https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-039/_5829.htm|archive-date=2020-10-20|title=Definition: Voice frequency}}</ref> It is for this reason that the [[ultra low frequency]] band of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] between 300 and 3000&nbsp;Hz is also referred to as ''voice frequency'', being the electromagnetic energy that represents acoustic energy at [[baseband]]. The [[Bandwidth (signal processing)|bandwidth]] allocated for a single [[Voice channel|voice-frequency transmission channel]] is usually 4&nbsp;kHz, including [[guard band]]s,<ref name="bldrdoc"/> allowing a [[sampling rate]] of 8&nbsp;kHz to be used as the basis of the [[pulse-code modulation]] system used for the digital [[PSTN]]. Per the [[Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem]], the sampling frequency (8&nbsp;kHz) must be at least twice the highest component of the voice frequency via appropriate filtering prior to sampling at discrete times (4&nbsp;kHz) for effective reconstruction of the voice signal.

== Fundamental frequency ==
The [[Human voice|voiced speech]] of a typical adult male will have a [[fundamental frequency]] from 90 to 155&nbsp;Hz, and that of a typical adult female from 165 to 255&nbsp;Hz.<ref>Baken, R. J. (2000). Clinical Measurement of Speech and Voice, 2nd Edition. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd. (pp. 177), {{ISBN|1-5659-3869-0}}.  That in turn cites Fitch, J.L. and Holbrook, A. (1970). Modal Fundamental Frequency of Young Adults in Archives of Otolaryngology, 92, 379-382, Table 2 (p. 381).</ref> Thus, the fundamental frequency of most speech falls below the bottom of the voice frequency band as defined. However, enough of the [[harmonic series (music)|harmonic series]] will be present for the [[missing fundamental]] to create the impression of hearing the fundamental tone.

== Wavelength ==
The [[speed of sound]] at [[room temperature]] (20°C) is 343.15 m/s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.weather.gov/epz/wxcalc_speedofsound |title=Speed of Sound Calculator |publisher=[[National Weather Service]] |access-date=11 December 2022 }}</ref> Using the formula
:<math>\text{Wavelength} = \frac{\text{Speed}}{\text{Frequency}},</math>
we have:

Typical female voices range from {{convert|1.3|m|ft|0|lk=on}} to {{convert|2|m|ft|0}}.

Typical male voices range from {{convert|2.2|m|ft|0}} to {{convert|4|m|ft|0}}.

== See also ==
* [[Formant]]
* [[Hearing (sense)]]
* [[Voice call]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{FS1037C MS188}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voice Frequency}}
[[Category:Human voice]]
[[Category:Telephony]]
[[Category:Spectrum (physical sciences)]]