Editing Voiced retroflex lateral approximant

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɭ⟩ in IPA}}
{{Infobox IPA
|ipa symbol=ɭ
|ipa number=156
|decimal=621
|x-sampa=l`
|braille=256
|braille2=l
|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x026D.svg
|imagesize=150px
}}

The '''voiced retroflex lateral approximant''' is a type of [[consonant]]al sound used in some [[Speech|spoken]] [[language]]s. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɭ&thinsp;}}, and the equivalent [[X-SAMPA]] symbol is <code>l`</code>.

The retroflex lateral approximant contrasts phonemically with its [[Voiceless retroflex lateral approximant|voiceless counterpart]] {{IPA|/ɭ̊&thinsp;/}} in [[Iaai language|Iaai]] and [[Toda language|Toda]].{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=198}} In both of these languages it also contrasts with more anterior {{IPA|/{{IPAplink|l̥}}, {{IPAplink|l}}/}}, which are dental in Iaai and alveolar in Toda.{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=198}}

==Features==
Features of the voiced retroflex lateral approximant:

{{approximant}}
{{retroflex}}
{{voiced}}
{{oral}}
{{lateral}}
{{pulmonic}}

==Occurrence==
In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between [[apical consonant|apical]] {{IPA|[ɭ̺]}} and [[laminal consonant|laminal]] {{IPA|[ɭ̻]}}.
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2| Language
! Word
! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! Meaning
! Notes
|-
|colspan=2| [[Bashkir language|Bashkir]]
| {{lang|ba|е'''л'''}}
|align=center| {{Audio-IPA|Ba-ел.ogg|[jɪ̞ɭ]}}
| 'wind'
| Apical retroflex lateral; occurs in front vowel contexts.
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Maldivian language|Dhivehi]]
|[[Thaana|ފަ'''ޅޯ''']] / [[Malé Latin|falhoa]]
|align=center| [{{IPA|faɭoː}}]
|'papaya'
||Represented by the [[Thaana]] letter ޅ (''lhaviyani'').
|-
|colspan=2| [[Enindhilyagwa language|Enindhilyagwa]]
| {{lang|aoi-Latn|ma'''rl'''uwiya}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[maɭuwija]}}
| 'emu'
|
|-
|colspan=2| [[Faroese language|Faroese]]
| {{lang|aoi-Latn|ár'''l'''a}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[ɔɻɭa]}}
| 'early'
| Allophone of {{IPA|/l/}} after {{IPA|/ɹ/}}. See [[Faroese phonology]]
|-
|[[French language|French]]
|[[Standard French|Standard]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=192}}
| {{lang|fr|[[French alphabet|be'''ll'''e jambe]]}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[bɛɭ ʒɑ̃b]}}
| 'beautiful leg'
| Allophone of {{IPA|/l/}} before {{IPA|/f/}} and {{IPA|/ʒ/}} for some speakers.{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=192}} See [[French phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| {{lang|gu|[[Gujarati script|ન'''ળ''']]}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[nəɭə]}}
| 'tap'
| Represented by a {{angbr|{{lang|gu|ળ}}}}. Pronounced as {{IPA|/ɭə/}}.{{sfnp|Masica|1991|p=97}}
|-
|colspan=2| [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
| {{lang|kn|[[Kannada script|ಎಳ್ಳು]]}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[ˈeɭːu]}}
| 'sesame'
| Represented by a {{angbr|{{lang|kn|ಳ}}}}
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Katukina-Kanamari language|Katukina-Kanamari]]{{Sfnp|Anjos|2012|p=128}}
|
|align=center|{{IPA|[ɭuːˈbɯ]}}
| 'to go'
|
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Khanty language|Khanty]]
| Eastern dialects
| rowspan=2 | {{lang|kca|пу'''ӆ'''}}
| rowspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[puɭ]}}
| rowspan=2 | 'bit'
| rowspan=2 |
|-
| Some northern dialects
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Korean language|Korean]]
| {{lang|ko|[[Hangul|솔]]}} / {{lang|ko-Latn|[[Revised Romanization of Korean|so'''l''']]}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[soɭ]}}
|'pine'
|Represented by a {{angbr|{{lang|ko|ㄹ}}}}. May also be pronounced as {{IPA|/l/}}. 
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| [[Malayalam script]]
| {{lang|ml|[[Malayalam script|മലയാ'''ളം''']]}}
|align=center rowspan=2|  {{Audio-IPA|Malayalam.ogg|[mɐlɐjäːɭɐm]}}
|rowspan=2| 'Malayalam'
| Represented by the letter {{angbr|{{lang|ml|ള}}}}. Sub apical retroflex. Long and short forms are contrastive word-medially{{sfnp|Jiang|2010|pp=16–17}}<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~hj3/pub/Malayalam.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530070321/http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~hj3/pub/Malayalam.pdf | archive-date=2018-05-30 | title=Malayalam: a Grammatical Sketch and a Text | access-date=2023-12-10}}</ref>
|-
| [[Arabi Malayalam]] ([[Malabar Muslims|Mapilla]])
| {{lang|ml-Arab|مَلَیٰا'''ۻَ'''مْ‎}}
|-
|colspan=2| [[Mapuche language|Mapudungun]]{{sfnp|Sadowsky|Painequeo|Salamanca|Avelino|2013|p=90}}
| {{lang|arn|[[Mapudungun alphabet|ma'''r'''a]]}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[ˈmɜɭɜ]}}
| 'hare'
| Possible realization of {{IPA|/ʐ/}}; may be {{IPAblink|ʐ}} or {{IPAblink|ɻ}} instead.{{sfnp|Sadowsky|Painequeo|Salamanca|Avelino|2013|p=90}}
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|{{lang|mr|[[Devanagari#Consonants|बा'''ळ''']]}}
|align=center| {{Ipa|[baːɭ]}}
|'baby/child'
|Represented by a {{angbr|{{lang|mr|ळ}}}}. Pronounced as {{IPA|/ɭə/}}. See [[Marathi phonology#Consonants|Marathi phonology]].
|-
|[[Miyakoan language|Miyako]]
|Irabu dialect
|{{lang|mvi|[[Ryukyuan languages#Orthography|昼間<br />ピィルマ]]}}
|align=center| {{Ipa|[pɭːma]}}
|'daytime'
|Allophone of {{IPA|/ɾ/}} used everywhere except syllable-initially.
|-
| [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]
|Eastern and central dialects
| {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|fa'''rl'''ig]]}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[ˈfɑːɭi]}}
| 'dangerous'
| See [[Norwegian phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Odia language|Odia]]
| {{lang|or|[[Odia script|ଫ'''ଳ''']]}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[pʰɔɭɔ]}}
| 'fruit'
| Represented by a {{angbr|{{lang|or|ଳ}}}}. Pronounced as {{IPA|/ɭɔ/}}.{{sfnp|Masica|1991|p=97}}
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Parkari Koli language|Parkari Koli]] || {{lang|kvx-Arab|rtl=yes|واۮ'''ۯ'''ون}} || align=center|{{IPA|[vaːɗa'''ɭ'''uːn]}} || ' clouds
|-
|colspan=2| [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]
| {{lang|raj|फ'''ळ'''}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[pʰəɭ]}}
| 'fruit'
| Represented by a ⟨ळ⟩.
|-
|colspan=2| [[Paiwan language|Paiwan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://e-dictionary.ilrdf.org.tw/pwn/terms/192352.htm|title=ladjap|publisher=Indigenous Languages Research and Development Foundation|website=Online Aboriginal Language Dictionary|language=zh-tw|access-date=2022-09-04}}</ref>
| {{lang|pwn|'''l'''adjap}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[ˈɭaɖap]}}
| 'lightning' or 'flash'
| See [[Paiwan language#Phonology|Paiwan phonology]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| [[Gurmukhi]]
| {{lang|pa|[[Gurmukhi script|ਤ੍ਰੇ'''ਲ਼''']]}}
| align=center rowspan="2" |{{IPA|[t̪ɾeɭ]}}
| rowspan="2" | 'dew'
| rowspan="2" | Represented by a {{angbr|{{lang|pa|ਲ਼}}}} and {{angbr|{{lang|pa|{{nastaliq|[[ࣇ|لؕ]]}}}}}}. Font support may be required to see the letter in Shahmukhi.
|-
| [[Shahmukhi alphabet|Shahmukhi]]
| {{lang|pa|[[Shahmukhi alphabet|{{nastaliq|تریلؕ}}]]|rtl=yes}}
|-
|[[Sanskrit]]
|[[Vedic Sanskrit|Vedic]]
| {{lang|sa|[[Devanagari script|गरु'''ळ''']]}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[gɐruɭɐ]}}
| 'the mythological bird who Is the vahana of Lord Vishnu'
| Represented by a {{angbr|{{lang|sa|ळ}}}}. Pronounced as {{IPA|/ɭɐ/}}.This consonant was present in Vedic Sanskrit but had become /ɖ/ ⟨ड⟩ in classical Sanskrit. See [[Vedic Sanskrit]] and [[Sanskrit phonology]].
|-
|colspan=2| [[Swedish language|Swedish]]
| {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|so'''rl''']]}}
|align=center| {{Audio-IPA|sv-sorl.ogg|[soːɭ]}}
| 'murmur' (noun)
| See [[Swedish phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]{{sfnp|Keane|2004|p=111}}
| {{lang|ta|[[Tamil script|ஆள்]]}} / {{lang|ta-Arab|[[Arwi|اٰ'''ۻْ''']]}}
|align=center| {{IPA|[äːɭ]}}
| 'person'
| Represented by a {{angbr|{{lang|ta|ள்}}}}. See [[Tamil phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| {{lang|te|[[Telugu script|నీళ్ళు]]}}
|align=center| {{Audio-IPA|Niillu Water Telugu.ogg|[niːɭːu]}}
| 'water'
| Represented by a {{angbr|{{lang|te|ళ}}}}
|-
| [[Wu Chinese]] || [[Northern Wu]] ([[Linping District|Linping]] variety) || {{lang|zh|[[Chinese characters|而]]}}/[[Romanization of Wu Chinese|er<sup>2</sup>]] || align=center|{{IPA|[eɭ˩˧]}} || '''conjunction'' ([[Literary Chinese|literary]])' || A [[rhotic consonant]] (cf. [[Changzhounese]] {{IPA|/ɦər˨˩˧/}})
|}

==See also==
*[[Index of phonetics articles]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Anjos |first=Zoraide dos |date=2012 |title=Fonologia Katukina-Kanamari |journal=[[LIAMES]] |language=pt-BR |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=123–156 |doi=10.20396/liames.v0i12.1486 |doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite web |last=Jiang |first=Haowen |date=April 2010 |title=Malayalam: a Grammatical Sketch and a Text |url=http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~hj3/pub/Malayalam.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911225521/http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~hj3/pub/Malayalam.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-11 |publisher=Department of Linguistics, Rice University }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Keane |first=Elinor |year=2004 |title=Tamil |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=111–116 |doi=10.1017/S0025100304001549 |doi-access=free}}
* {{SOWL}}
* {{Cite book |last=Masica |first=Colin |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-521-29944-2 |series=Cambridge Language Surveys |location=Cambridge}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Sadowsky |first1=Scott |last2=Painequeo |first2=Héctor |last3=Salamanca |first3=Gastón |last4=Avelino |first4=Heriberto |year=2013 |title=Mapudungun |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=87–96 |doi=10.1017/S0025100312000369 |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Shimoji |first=Michinori |title=A Grammar of Irabu, a Southern Ryukyuan Language |date=December 2008 |degree=PhD |publisher=The Australian National University |chapter=Phonology |hdl=1885/150638}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{phoible|ɭ}}

{{IPA navigation}}

[[Category:Lateral consonants]]
[[Category:Retroflex consonants]]
[[Category:Pulmonic consonants]]
[[Category:Oral consonants]]