Editing Volcanism of Java

{{Short description|Volcanic activity on the Indonesian island of Java}}
[[Image:Semeru Bromo Temple.JPG|thumb|right|250px|View of [[Semeru]] and [[Mount Bromo|Bromo]] eruption with [[Mount Batok]] in [[East Java]]]]

The [[Indonesia]]n island of [[Java (island)|Java]] is almost entirely of [[Volcanoes|volcanic]] origin, and contains numerous volcanoes, 45 of which are considered active volcanoes.  As is the case for many other Indonesian islands, volcanoes have played a vital role in the geological and human history of Java. Indeed, land is created on Java as a result of lava flows, ash deposits, and mud flows (''lahars'').  Volcanoes are a major contributor to the immense fertility of Java, as natural erosion transports volcanic material as [[alluvium]] to the island's plains, forming thick layers of fertile sediment. The benefit is not just in the immediate vicinity of the volcano, with fine ash emitted from eruptions being dispersed over wide areas.

Climbing volcanoes (and other mountains) is increasingly popular.{{says who?|date=August 2020}}

== List of volcanoes ==
[[Image:Merapi and 6 other Volcanoes in Java Indonesia.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Mount Merapi]] (left foreground) and [[Mount Merbabu|Merbabu]] (right); with far view of [[Mount Ungaran]], [[Mount Sumbing|Sumbing]], [[Mount Sundoro|Sundoro]], [[Dieng Volcanic Complex|Dieng]], and [[Mount Slamet|Slamet]] in [[Central Java]]]]
{{main|List of volcanoes in Indonesia}}
This list is of volcanoes from the west of Java to the east.  Local terminology and usage has the word ''Gunung'' (''mount or mountain'') precede the names.

=== West Java ===
* [[Mount Cereme]] Stratovolcano
* Mount [[Galunggung]] Stratovolcano
* [[Mount Gede]] Stratovolcano
* [[Mount Guntur]] Complex volcano
* [[Kamojang]] Geothermal field
* [[Karaha Crater]] Fumarole field
* [[Gunung Karang]] Stratovolcano
* [[Mount Kendang]] Stratovolcano
* Mount [[Kendeng]] Stratovolcano
* Mount [[Kiaraberes-Gagak]] Stratovolcano
* [[Mount Malabar]] Stratovolcano
* [[Mount Pangrango]] Stratovolcano
* [[Mount Papandayan]] Complex stratovolcano
* [[Mount Patuha]] Stratovolcano
* [[Perbakti]] Stratovolcano
* Mount [[Pulosari (volcano)|Pulosari]]  Stratovolcano
* [[Mount Salak]] Stratovolcano
* Mount [[Talagabodas]] Stratovolcano
* [[Mount Tampomas]] Stratovolcano
* [[Tangkuban Parahu]] Stratovolcano
* [[Wayang-Windu]] Twin volcanoes

=== Central Java ===
* [[Mount Slamet]] Stratovolcano  
* [[Dieng Volcanic Complex]] Complex volcano  
* [[Mount Sundoro]] Stratovolcano  
* [[Mount Sumbing]] Stratovolcano  
* [[Mount Ungaran]] Stratovolcano  
* [[Mount Telomoyo]] Stratovolcano  
* [[Mount Merbabu]] Stratovolcano 
* [[Mount Merapi]] Stratovolcano 
* [[Mount Muria]] Stratovolcano 
* [[Mount Lawu]] Stratovolcano (bordering with [[East Java]])

=== East Java ===
*[[Mount Lawu]] Stratovolcano (bordering with [[Central Java]])
*[[Mount Wilis]] Stratovolcano
*[[Kelut]] Stratovolcano
*[[Mount Kawi|Kawi]]-[[Mount Butak|Butak]] Stratovolcanoes
*[[Arjuno-Welirang]] Stratovolcano
*[[Mount Penanggungan|Penanggungan]] Stratovolcano
* [[Malang Plain]] Maars
* [[Semeru]] Stratovolcano
* [[Mount Bromo]]
*[[Mount Lamongan|Lamongan]] Stratovolcano
* [[Mount Lurus]]
*[[Iyang-Argapura]] Complex volcano
* [[Raung]] Stratovolcano
* [[Ijen]] Stratovolcanoes
* [[Baluran]] Stratovolcano

== List of active volcanoes ==

{| align="left" class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#e7dcc3;"| Name 
! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#e7dcc3;"| Shape 
! colspan=2 style="background-color:#e7dcc3;"| Elevation 
! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#e7dcc3;"| Last eruption ([[Volcanic Explosivity Index|VEI]]) 
! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#e7dcc3;"| Geolocation
|-
! style="background-color:#e7dcc3;"|m
! style="background-color:#e7dcc3;"|ft
|-
| [[Pulosari (volcano)|Pulosari]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,346|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|6.342|S|105.975|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Gunung Karang]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,778|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|6.27|S|106.042|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Kiaraberes-Gagak]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,511|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|6 Apr 1939}} (1) 
| {{coord|6.73|S|106.65|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Perbakti]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,699|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|6.75|S|106.68|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Salak|Salak]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,211|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|31 Jan 1938}} (2) 
| {{coord|6.72|S|106.73|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Gede|Gede]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,958|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|13 Mar 1957}} (2) 
| {{coord|6.78|S|106.98|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Patuha|Patuha]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,434|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.160|S|107.40|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Wayang-Windu]] || [[lava dome]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,182|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.208|S|107.63|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Malabar|Malabar]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,343|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.13|S|107.65|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Tangkuban Perahu]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,084|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|26 Jul 2019}} (1) 
| {{coord|6.77|S|107.60|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Papandayan|Papandayan]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,665|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|11 Nov 2002}} (2) 
| {{coord|7.32|S|107.73|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Kendang|Kendang]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,608|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.23|S|107.72|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Kamojang]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,730|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|format=hide|2588000|||BC}}[[Pleistocene]] 
| {{coord|7.125|S|107.80|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Guntur|Guntur]] || [[complex volcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,249|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|16 Oct 1847}} (2) 
| {{coord|7.143|S|107.840|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Tampomas|Tampomas]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,684|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|6.77|S|107.95|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Galunggung]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,168|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|9 Jan 1984}} (1) 
| {{coord|7.25|S|108.058|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Talagabodas]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,201|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.208|S|108.07|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Karaha Crater|Karaha]] || [[fumarole]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,155|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.12|S|108.08|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Cereme|Cereme]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|3,078|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|1951}} 
| {{coord|6.892|S|108.40|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Slamet|Slamet]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|3,432|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|1 May 1999}} (1) 
| {{coord|7.242|S|109.208|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Dieng Volcanic Complex|Dieng]] || [[complex volcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,565|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|31 Dec 1996}} (1) 
| {{coord|7.20|S|109.92|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Sundoro|Sundoro]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|3,136|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|29 Oct 1971}} (2) 
| {{coord|7.30|S|109.992|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Sumbing|Sumbing]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|3,371|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|1730}} (1) 
| {{coord|7.384|S|110.070|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Ungaran|Ungaran]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,050|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.18|S|110.33|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Telomoyo|Telomoyo]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,894|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.37|S|110.40|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Merbabu]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|3,145|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|1797}} (2) 
| {{coord|7.45|S|110.43|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Merapi|Merapi]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,968|m|ft}}

|align=right| {{dts|28 Mar 2020}} (3) 
| {{coord|7.542|S|110.442|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Muria|Muria]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,625|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|160}} ± 30&nbsp;years 
| {{coord|6.62|S|110.88|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Lawu|Lawu]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|3,265|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|28 Nov 1885}} (1) 
| {{coord|7.625|S|111.192|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Wilis|Wilis]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,563|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.808|S|111.758|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Kelud]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,731|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|13 Feb 2014}} (4) 
| {{coord|7.93|S|112.308|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Kawi|Kawi]]-[[Mount Butak|Butak]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,651|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.92|S|112.45|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Arjuno|Arjuno]]-[[Mount Welirang|Welirang]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|3,339|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|15 Aug 1952}} (0) 
| {{coord|7.725|S|112.58|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Penanggungan|Penanggungan]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,653|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.62|S|112.63|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Malang Plain]] || [[maar]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|680|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|8.02|S|112.68|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Semeru]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|3,676|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|1967}}&ndash;2021 continuing (3) 
| {{coord|8.108|S|112.92|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Tengger Caldera|Tengger]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,329|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|8 Jun 2004}} (2) 
| {{coord|7.942|S|112.95|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Lamongan|Lamongan]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,651|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|5 Feb 1898}} (2) 
| {{coord|7.979|S|113.342|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Mount Lurus|Lurus]] || [[complex volcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|539|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.73|S|113.58|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Iyang-Argapura]] || [[complex volcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|3,088|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.97|S|113.57|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Raung]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|3,332|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|3 Oct 2020}} (1) 
| {{coord|8.125|S|114.042|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Ijen]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|2,799|m|ft}} 
|align=right| {{dts|28 Jun 1999}} (1) 
| {{coord|8.058|S|114.242|E|type:mountain}}
|-
| [[Baluran]] || [[stratovolcano]] 
|{{convert|disp=table|sortable=on|1,247|m|ft}} 
|align=right| unknown 
| {{coord|7.85|S|114.37|E|type:mountain}}
|}
{{clear}}

== See also ==
{{portal|Indonesia}}
* [[Reinout Willem van Bemmelen]]
* [[List of volcanoes in Indonesia]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

* Whitten, T, Soaeriaatmadja, R. E., Afiff, S. A., (editors), ''The Ecology of Java and Bali'', Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. 1996, Hardcover, 969 pages, {{ISBN|962-593-072-8}}

[[Category:Volcanoes of Java| ]]
[[Category:Volcanism of Indonesia]]