Editing Vosges

{{short description|Mountain range in France}}
{{For|the [[Departments of France|department of France]] of the same name|Vosges (department)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Vosges
| native_name = {{native name list
 |tag1=de
 |name1=Vogesen
 |tag2=gsw
 |name2=Vogese}}
| photo = File:Houses near Bussang.jpg
| photo_alt = Photograph of houses on the slopes near [[Bussang]] (Vosges, France)
| photo_caption = Houses on the slopes near [[Bussang]] in France
| country_type = <!-- Alternative label for country e.g. use "Continent" for ranges in Antarctica -->
| country = [[France]]
| region_type = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| region = [[Grand Est]], [[Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]]
| border = 
| biome = 
| topo_map = 
| topo_maker = <!-- Highest point -->
| highest = [[Grand Ballon]]
| elevation_m = 1424
| elevation_system = 
| elevation_ref = <!-- Coordinates of the highest point -->
| coordinates = 
| coordinates_ref = <!-- Range -->
| length_km = 120
| width_km = 
| area_km2 = 5500 <!-- -6,500 -->
| length_orientation = 
| width_orientation = 
| length_ref = 
| width_ref = 
| area_ref = {{nbsp}}up to {{Cvt|6000|km2}} depending on the natural region boundaries selected
| parent = <!-- Overall coordinates for the range; usually the center of the range -->
| range_coordinates = {{coord|48|N|7|E|type:mountain_region:FR|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| range_coordinates_ref = <!-- Geology -->
| geology = [[Gneiss]], [[granite]], [[vulcanite]], [[sandstone]]
| period = Gneiss, granite and vulcanite [[stratigraphic unit]]s: about 419–252 mya<br>[[Bunter sandstone]] stratigraphic unit: 252–243 mya
| orogeny = Medium mountain range

<!-- Locator map; takes coordinates from "highest point" (and perhaps "range"; need to experiment and then correct this comment) -->| map_image = Carte topographique des Vosges.svg
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = Map of the Vosges mountains
}}

The '''Vosges''' ({{IPAc-en|v|oʊ|ʒ}} {{respell|VOHZH}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Vosges|access-date=February 17, 2019}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190218081743/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Vosges "Vosges"] (US) and {{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Vosges |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305210825/https://www.lexico.com/definition/vosges |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-05 |title=Vosges |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Vosges|access-date=February 17, 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|fr|voʒ|lang|fr-Paris--Vosges.ogg}}; {{langx|de|Vogesen}} {{IPA|de|voˈɡeːzn̩||de-Vogesen.ogg}};<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Vogesen|language=de|title=Vogesen {{!}} Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition|work=[[Duden]] online|access-date=February 17, 2019}} or Wasgenwald</ref> [[Franconian (linguistics)|Franconian]] and {{langx|gsw|Vogese}}) is a range of medium mountains in Eastern [[France]], near its [[France–Germany border|border]] with [[Germany]]. Together with the [[Palatine Forest]] to the north on the German side of the border, they form a single [[Geomorphology|geomorphological]] unit and low mountain range of around {{cvt|8000|sqkm|sqmi}} in area. It runs in a north-northeast direction from the [[Burgundian Gate]] (the [[Belfort]]–[[Ronchamp]]–[[Lure, Haute-Saône|Lure]] line) to the Börrstadt Basin (the [[Winnweiler]]–[[Börrstadt]]–[[Göllheim]] line), and forms the western boundary of the [[Upper Rhine Plain]].

The [[Grand Ballon]] is the highest peak at {{cvt|1424|m}}, followed by the [[Storkenkopf]] ({{cvt|1366|m|disp=comma}}), and the [[Hohneck (Vosges)|Hohneck]] ({{cvt|1364|m|disp=comma}}).<ref name=IGN >[[Institut Géographique National|IGN]] maps available on [https://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil Géoportail]</ref>

== Geography ==
[[Geographically]], the Vosges Mountains are wholly in [[France]], far above the [[Col de Saverne]] separating them from the [[Palatinate Forest]] in [[Germany]]. The latter area logically continues the same Vosges geologic structure but traditionally receives this different name for historical and political reasons.{{explain|date=June 2020}} From 1871 to 1918 the Vosges marked for the most part the border between [[Germany]] and France, due to the [[Franco-Prussian War]]. The elongated [[massif]] is divided south to north into three sections:

* The Higher Vosges or High Vosges<ref name="D">Dickinson, Robert E (1964). ''Germany: A Regional and Economic Geography'' (2nd ed.). London: Methuen, p. 540. {{ASIN|B000IOFSEQ}}.</ref> (''Hautes Vosges''), extending in the southern part of the range from Belfort to the river valley of the [[Bruche (river)|Bruche]]. The rounded summits of the Hautes Vosges are called ''ballons'' in French, literally "balloons".{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
* The [[sandstone]] Vosges or Middle Vosges<ref name="D"/> ({{cvt|50|km|disp=comma}}), between the Permian Basin of Saint-Die including the [[Devonian]]-[[Dinantian]] [[Volcanism|volcanic]] massif of Schirmeck-Moyenmoutier and the Col de Saverne
* The Lower Vosges or Low Vosges<ref name="D"/> ({{cvt|48|km|disp=comma}}), commonly known as [[Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park|North Vosges]], a sandstone plateau ranging from {{convert|1000|ft|m|disp=flip}} to {{convert|1850|ft|m|disp=flip}} high,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} between the [[Col de Saverne]] and the source of the [[Lauter (Rhine)|Lauter]].

In addition, the term "Central Vosges" is used to designate the various lines of summits, especially those above {{cvt|1000|m}} in elevation. The French department of Vosges is named after the range.

===Geology===
[[File:Ballons Vosges.png|thumb|left|Upper Vosges Mountains map]]
From a geological point of view, a [[graben]] at the beginning of the [[Paleogene]] period caused the formation of [[Alsace]] and the uplift of the bedrock plates of the Vosges, in eastern [[France]], and those in the [[Black Forest]], in [[Germany]]. From a scientific view, the Vosges Mountains are not mountains as such, but rather the western edge of the unfinished Alsatian graben, stretching continuously as part of the larger Tertiary formations. Erosive [[glacial]] action was the primary catalyst for development of the [[Highland (geography)|highland]] massif feature.

The Vosges in their southern and central parts are called the ''Hautes Vosges''. These consist of a large [[Carboniferous]] mountain eroded just before the [[Permian]] period with [[gneiss]], [[granite]]s, [[porphyritic]] masses or other volcanic intrusions. The north, south and west parts are less eroded by glaciers, and here Vosges [[Triassic]] and Permian red [[sandstone]] remains are found in large beds. The ''grès vosgien'' (a French name for a Triassic rose sandstone) are embedded sometimes up to more than {{cvt|500|m}} in thickness. The Lower Vosges in the north are dislocated plates of various sandstones, ranging from {{cvt|300|to|600|m|-2}} high.

The Vosges are very similar to the corresponding range of the [[Black Forest]] across the [[Rhine]] since both lie within the same degrees of latitude, have similar geological formations and are characterised by forests on their lower slopes, above which are open pastures and rounded summits of a rather uniform altitude. Both areas exhibit steeper slopes towards the [[Rhine]] and a more gradual descent on the other side.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Both the Vosges and the Black Forest were formed by [[Tectonic uplift|isostatic uplift]] in response to the opening of the [[Rhine Graben]], a major extensional basin. When such basins form, the thinning of the crust causes uplift immediately adjacent to the basin, decreasing with distance from the basin. Thus, the highest range of peaks rises immediately adjacent to the basin and increasingly lower mountains rise further from the basin.

=== Mountains ===
[[File:Route des Crêtes Grand Ballon 1.jpg|thumb|Grand Ballon]]
[[File:Le Storkenkopf.JPG|thumb|Storkenkopf]]
[[File:2011-01-15 16-51-49-hohneck.jpg|thumb|Hohneck]]
[[File:Kastelberg large.jpg|thumb|Kastelberg]]
[[File:Le Tanet 01.jpg|thumb|Le Tanet]]
The highest points are in the ''Hautes Vosges'': the [[Grand Ballon]], in ancient times called ''Ballon de Guebwiller'' or ''Ballon de Murbach,'' rises to {{cvt|1424|m}}; the [[Storckenkopf]] to {{cvt|1366|m}}; the [[Hohneck (Vosges)|Hohneck]] to {{cvt|1364|m}}; the [[Kastelberg]] to {{cvt|1350|m|0}}; and the [[Ballon d'Alsace]] to {{cvt|1247|m}}. The Col de Saales, between the Higher and Central Vosges, reaches nearly {{cvt|579|m}}, both lower and narrower than the Higher Vosges, with [[Mont Donon]] at {{cvt|1008|m}} being the highest point of this Nordic section.

The highest mountains and peaks of the Vosges (with Alsatian or German names in brackets) are:
* [[Grand Ballon]] (''Großer Belchen'') {{cvt|1424|m}}
* [[Storkenkopf]] {{cvt|1366|m}}
* [[Hohneck (Vosges)|Hohneck]] {{cvt|1363|m}}
* [[Kastelberg]] {{cvt|1350|m|0}}
* [[Klintzkopf]] (''Klinzkopf'') {{cvt|1330|m|0}}
* [[Rothenbachkopf]] {{cvt|1316|m}}
* [[Lauchenkopf]] {{cvt|1314|m}}
* [[Batteriekopf]] {{cvt|1311|m}}
* [[Haut de Falimont]] {{cvt|1306|m}}
* [[Gazon du Faing]] {{cvt|1306|m}}
* [[Rainkopf]] {{cvt|1305|m}}
* [[Gazon de Faîte]] {{cvt|1303|m}}
* [[Ringbuhl]] (''Ringbühl'') {{cvt|1302|m}}
* [[Soultzereneck]] (''Sulzereneck'') {{cvt|1302|m}}
* [[Le Tanet]] (''Tanneck'') {{cvt|1292|m}}
* [[Petit Ballon]] (''Kahler Wasen'' or ''Kleiner Belchen'') {{cvt|1272|m}}
* [[Ballon d'Alsace]] (''Elsässer Belchen'') {{cvt|1247|m}}
* [[Brézouard]] {{cvt|1229|m}}
* [[Ballon de Servance]] (highest point in the département of [[Haute-Saône]]) {{cvt|1216|m}}
* [[Drumont (Vosges)|Drumont]] {{cvt|1200|m|0}}
* [[Rossberg (Masevaux)|Rossberg]] {{cvt|1191|m|0}}
* [[Planche des Belles Filles]] {{cvt|1148|m}}
* [[Molkenrain]] {{cvt|1123|m}}
* [[Champ du Feu]] (''Hochfeld'' or ''Firstfeld'') {{cvt|1098|m}}
* [[Baerenkopf]] {{cvt|1074|m}}
* [[Rocher de Mutzig]] (''Mutzigfelsen'') {{cvt|1008|m|0}}
* [[Donon]] {{cvt|1008|m}}
* [[Taennchel]] (''Tännchel'') {{cvt|992|m}}
* [[Climont]] {{cvt|965|m}}
* [[Hartmannswillerkopf]] (''Hartmannsweilerkopf'') {{cvt|956|m}}
* [[Ungersberg]] {{cvt|901|m}}
* [[Tête du Coquin]] {{cvt|837|m}}
* [[Mont Sainte-Odile]] (''Odilienberg'') {{cvt|764|m|0}}
* [[Dabo (Vosges)|Dabo]] (''Dagsburg'') {{cvt|650|m}}
* [[Grand Wintersberg]] (''Großer Wintersberg'') {{cvt|581|m}}
* [[Château de Hohenbourg|Hohenbourg]] (''Hohenburg'') {{cvt|550|m|0}}

===Nature parks and protected areas===
Two [[nature park]]s lie within the Vosges: the [[Ballons des Vosges Nature Park]] and the [[Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park]]. The [[Northern Vosges]] Nature Park and the [[Palatinate Forest Nature Park]] on the German side of the border form the cross-border [[UNESCO]]-designated [[Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve]].

In the late 20th century, a wide area of the massif was included in two [[protected area]]s, the [[Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park|Parc naturel régional des Vosges du Nord]] (established in 1976) and the [[Parc naturel régional des Ballons des Vosges]] (established in 1989).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parc naturel régional des Ballons des Vosges {{!}} PnrBV |url=https://www.parc-ballons-vosges.fr/comprendre/parc-naturel-regional-ballons-vosges/ |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=Parc naturel régional des Ballons des Vosges}}</ref>

==Climate==
[[File:Lac de Schiessroth 140707.JPG|thumb|[[Schiessrothried]], a [[glacial lake]] in the Vosges]]
[[File:Mont Saint-Odile 1 11 2011 3.jpg|thumb|View from Mont Saint-Odile in Autumn]]
[[Meteorology|Meteorologically]], as a consequence of the [[Foehn wind|Foehn effect]] the difference between the eastern and western mean slopes of the range is very marked. The main air streams come generally from the west and southwest, so the Alsatian central plains just under the Hautes-Vosges receive much less water than the southwest front of the Vosges Mountains. The highlands of the [[arrondissement]] of Remiremont receive as annual rainfall or snowfall more than {{cvt|2000|mm}} of precipitation yearly, whereas some dry countryside near Colmar receives less than {{cvt|500|mm}} of water in the event of insufficient storms. The temperature is much lower in the west front of the mountains than in the low plains behind the massif, especially in summer. On the eastern slope economic vineyards reach to a height of {{cvt|400|m}}; on the other hand, in the mountains, it is a land of pasture and forest.

The only rivers in Alsace are the [[Ill (France)|Ill]] coming from south Alsace (or Sundgau), and the Bruche d'Andlau and the [[Bruche (river)|Bruche]] which have as tributaries other, shorter but sometimes powerful streams coming like the last two from the Vosges Mountains. The rivers [[Moselle]], [[Meurthe (river)|Meurthe]] and [[Saar (river)|Sarre]] and their numerous affluents all rise on the [[Lorraine]] side.

In the High Moselle and Meurthe basins, [[moraine]]s, boulders and polished rocks testify to the former existence of [[glacier]]s which once covered the top of the Vosges. The mountain lakes caused by the original glacial phenomena are surrounded by pines, [[beech]]es and [[maple]]s, and green meadows provide pasture for large herds of cattle, with views of the Rhine valley, the Black Forest and the distant, snow-covered Swiss mountains.


<div style="font-size:medium">
{{climate chart|'''[[Ballon d'Alsace]]'''
|-3.4|1.1|251.9
|-3.5|1.4|203.9
|-1.0|4.7|196.5
|2.4|9.3|123.7
|5.9|13.4|178.8
|9.4|17.0|134.6
|11.2|18.6|148.8
|11.3|18.4|157.1
|7.9|14.3|154.0
|4.9|10.3|210.5
|0.5|5.1|215.2
|-2.4|2.0|288.6
|float=right
|source=Meteociel.fr<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=90065003 | title=気象庁｜過去の気象データ検索 }}</ref>
}}</div>

==History==
{{see|Vosegus|Battle of Vosges (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Hohkönigsburg, Bergfried, Blick in die Ebene.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Château du Haut-Koenigsbourg]] in the Vosges was built during the 12th century.]]

[[File:"Grand Geroldseck" castle (looking East) - panoramio.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Château du Grand-Geroldseck]], now in ruins]]

The massif known in [[Latin]] as ''Vosago mons'' or ''Vosego silva'', sometimes ''Vogesus mons'', was extended to the vast woods covering the region. Later, German speakers referred to the same region as ''Vogesen'' or ''Wasgenwald''.

Over the centuries, settlement population density grew gradually, as was typical for a forested region. Forests were cleared for agriculture, livestock and early industrial factories (such as [[charcoal]] works and [[glassworks]]) and the [[water mill]]s used [[hydropower|water power]]. Concentrations of settlement and immigration took place and not only in areas where [[minerals]] were found. In the [[mining]] area of the {{Interlanguage link|Lièpvrette|lt=Lièpvrette|fr}} valley, for example, there was an influx of Saxon miners and mining specialists. From time to time, wars, plagues and religious conflicts saw the depopulation of territories—in their wake it was not uncommon for people to be relocated there from other areas.

On the lower heights and buttresses of the main chain on the [[Alsace|Alsatian]] side are numerous castles, generally in ruins, testifying to the importance of this crucial crossroads of Europe, violently contested for centuries. At several points on the main ridge, especially at [[Sainte Odile]] above [[Ribeauvillé]] (German: Rappoltsweiler), are the remains of a wall of unmortared stone with tenons of wood, about {{cvt|1.8|to|2.2|m|0}} thick and {{cvt|1.3|to|1.7|m|0}} high, called the ''Mur Païen'' (Pagan Wall). It was used for defence in the [[Middle Ages]] and [[archaeologists]] are divided as to whether it was built by the [[Roman Empire|Romans]], or [[Gaul|before their arrival]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

During the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], on 13 July 1794, the Vosges were the scene of the [[Battle of Trippstadt]]. From 1871 to 1918, they formed the main border line between France and the [[German Empire]]. The demarcation line stretched from the [[Ballon d'Alsace]] in the south to [[Mont Donon]] in the north with the lands east of it being incorporated into Germany as part of [[Alsace–Lorraine]].

The Vosges saw extensive fighting during the world wars. During World War I, there was severe and almost continuous fighting in the mountains.<ref>{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Vosges Mountains|year=1921}}</ref> During World War II in October 1944, there was a fierce battle between German forces and the U.S. 442nd Regiment, a segregated unit composed of second-generation Japanese Americans (Nisei), during which the 442nd charged straight up the mountain to rescue the 1st Battalion of the 36th Infantry, formerly the Texas Guard—also known as the "Lost Battalion"—who were cut off and stranded on the mountainside under heavy fire from the Germans. Two previous rescues failed. The 442nd suffered 800 casualties, rescued the Texans, and took the mountain.<ref>Brown, James Daniel, Facing the Mountain, a True Story of Japanese American Heroes in WWII (Viking, 2021), Chapter 18.</ref>

On 20 January 1992 [[Air Inter Flight 148]] crashed into the Vosges Mountains while circling to land at Strasbourg International Airport, killing 87 people.

===Language===

In pre-Roman times, the Vosges was empty of settlements or was colonised and dominated by the [[Celts]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Golbéry |first=Philippe de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SVh5AeIQkcC |title=Mémoire sur quelques anciennes fortifications des Vosges, ou l'on examine la question de savoir quel peuple au temps de Jules-César, était établi dans la Haute-Alsace |date=1823 |publisher=de l'imprimerie de F.G. Levrault, imprimeur du Roi |language=fr}}</ref> After the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] era, [[Alemanni]] also settled in the east, and [[Franks]] in the northwest. Contrary to widespread belief, the main ridge of the Vosges coincided with the historical Roman-Germanic language boundary only in the southern Vosges. Old Romance (''Altromanisch'') is spoken east of the main ridge: in the valley of the [[Weiss (river)|Weiss]] around [[Lapoutroie]], the valley of Lièpvrette (nowadays also called the ''Val d'Argent''; "Valley of Silver"), parts of the canton of {{Interlanguage link|Vallée de Villé|lt=Villé valley|fr}} (''Vallée de Villé'') and parts of the [[Bruche (river)|Bruche valley]] (''Vallée de la Bruche''). By contrast, those parts of the northern Vosges and the whole of the [[Wasgau]], which lie north of the Breusch valley, fall within the Germanic-speaking area because, from [[Schirmeck]] the historical linguistic boundary turns to the northwest and runs between Donon and Mutzigfelsen heading for [[Sarrebourg]] (''Saarburg''). The Germanic areas of the Vosges mountains are part of the [[Alemannic German|Alemannic dialect]] region and cultural area and, in the north, also part of the [[Franconian (linguistics)|Frankish dialect]] region and cultural area. The Romance-speaking areas are traditionally part of the [[Lorrain language]] region in the west and the [[Frainc-Comtou]] region in the south. For a long time the distribution of languages and dialects basically correlated with the pattern of settlement movements. However, the switch from German to French as the [[lingua franca]] which took place between the 17th and the 20th centuries across the whole of Alsace was not accompanied by any further significant movements of population.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

==See also==
* [[Northern Vosges Regional Nature Park]]
* [[Vosges and Jura coal mining basins]]
* [[Flora of the Vosges massif]]
* [[Vosges Keuperian coal mining basin]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Vosges (mountains)|display=Vosges|volume=28|page=214}}

==Further reading==
General texts:

* René Bastien, ''Histoire de Lorraine'', éditions Serpenoise, Metz, 1991, 224 pages. {{ISBN|2-87692-088-3}} (simple historic approach for children)
* Etienne Julliard, ''Atlas et géographie de l'Alsace et de la Lorraine'', Flammarion, 1977, 288 pages (a geographer's view of this part of France who gives theirs waters to [[Rhin]])
* Robert Parisot, ''Histoire de Lorraine (Meurthe, Meuse, Moselle, Vosges)'', Tome 1 à 4 et index alphabétique général, Auguste Picard éditeur, Paris, 1924. Anastaltic impression in Belgium by the éditions Culture et Civilisation, Bruxelles, 1978. (large and more sophisticated evenemential history)
* Yves Sell (dir.), ''L'Alsace et les Vosges, géologie, milieux naturels, flore et faune'', La bibliothèque du naturaliste, Delachaux et Niestlé, Lausanne, 1998, 352 pages. {{ISBN|2-603-01100-6}} (global view of nature and land)
* Jean-Paul von Eller, ''Guide géologique Vosges-Alsace'', guide régionaux, collection dirigée par Charles Pomerol, 2° édition, Masson, Paris, 1984, 184 pages. {{ISBN|2-225-78496-5}} (a precise geologic description)

List of majors periodicals concerning Lorraine and South Lorraine:

* ''Annales de l'Est (et du Nord)'', Nancy.
* ''Annales de la [[Société d'émulation|Société d'Émulation des Vosges]]'', Epinal, from 1826.
* ''Bulletin de la Société Philomatique Vosgienne'', Saint-Dié, from 1875 to 1999 (nowadays ''Mémoire des Vosges Histoire Société Coutumes'')
* Publications of the ''Société d'Histoire et d'Archéologie lorraine'', Metz (from 1890, nowadays ''Les Cahiers Lorrains'', trimestrial review).
* Publications of the ''Société d'Histoire de la Lorraine & [[Musée Lorrain]]'', Nancy (Lotharingist wrintings since 1820, nowadays trimestrial périodical, ''Le Pays Lorrain'')

On the [[First World War]]:

* ''Guide des sources de la Grande Guerre dans le département des Vosges'', Conseil général de Vosges, Epinal, 2008, 296 pages. {{ISBN|978-2-86088-062-6}}
* Isabelle Chave (dir.) avec Magali Delavenne, Jean-Claude Fombaron, Philippe Nivet, Yann Prouillet, ''La Grande Guerre dans les Vosges : sources et état des lieux'', Actes du colloque tenu à Epinal du 4 au 6 septembre 2008, Conseil général des Vosges, 2009, 348 pages. {{ISBN|978-2-86088-067-1}}
* "La guerre aérienne dans les Vosges. 1914–1919", ''Mémoire des Vosges H.S.C.'' édité par la Société Philomatique Vosgienne, [hors série n°5, septembre 2009], 68 pages. {{ISSN|1626-5238}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Vosges mountains}}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420193844/http://battlefieldseurope.co.uk/ww1alsace.aspx |date=20 April 2012 |title=Illustrated article on the Vosges battlefields of WWI at Battlefields Europe }}<!-- If the Vosges had an important role in WWI, then this article should go into that. But, although many references point to significant activity during WWI in the Vosges, the WWI article doesn't treat it, so this link would seem to belong here until (if ever) a treatment in the WWI article is developed. -->

{{Mountains of France}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Vosges| ]]
[[Category:Biosphere reserves of France]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Grand Est]]
[[Category:Mountain ranges of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]]
[[Category:Horsts (geology)]]