Editing Vought SB2U Vindicator

{{Short description|US Navy dive bomber}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= SB2U Vindicator 
 |image= File:Vought SB2U-3 Vindicator VS-1 1-S-16 (16140609435).jpg
 |caption= 
 |type= [[Dive bomber]]
 |national_origin= United States
 |manufacturer= [[Vought]]
 |first_flight= 4 January 1936
 |introduction= [[1937 in aviation|1937]]
 |retired= 1945
 |status=
 |primary_user= [[United States Navy]]
 |more_users= [[United States Marine Corps]] <br />[[French Navy]] <br />[[Royal Navy]]
 |produced=
 |number_built= 260
}}

The '''Vought SB2U Vindicator''' is<!-- Do not change is to was because there is only one survivor at the National Museum of Naval Aviation --> an American [[Carrier-based aircraft|carrier-based]] [[dive bomber]] developed for the [[United States Navy]] in the 1930s, the first [[monoplane]] in this role. Vindicators still remained in service at the time of the [[Battle of Midway]], but by 1943, all had been withdrawn to training units. It was known as the '''Chesapeake''' in [[Royal Navy]] service.

==Design and development==
In 1934, the [[United States Navy]] issued a requirement for a new Scout Bomber for carrier use, and received proposals from six manufacturers. The specification was issued in two parts, one for a [[monoplane]], and one for a [[biplane]]. [[Vought]] submitted designs in both categories, which would become the '''XSB2U-1''' and [[Vought XSB3U|XSB3U-1]] respectively. The biplane was considered alongside the monoplane design as a "hedge" against the U.S. Navy's reluctance to pursue the modern configuration.<ref name="McKillop">{{cite web|last1=McKillop|first1=Jack|url=http://www.microworks.net/PACIFIC/aviation/sb2u_vindicator.htm|title=Chance-Vought SB2U Vindicator|website=microworks.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009020949/http://www.microworks.net/PACIFIC/aviation/sb2u_vindicator.htm|archive-date=2007-10-09}}</ref>

The XSB2U-1 was of conventional low-wing monoplane configuration with a retractable conventional tailwheel [[landing gear]], the pilot and tail gunner being seated in tandem under a long greenhouse-style canopy. The [[fuselage]] was of steel tube construction, covered with [[aluminum]] panels from the nose to the rear cockpit with a fabric-covered rear fuselage, while the folding cantilever wing was of all-metal construction. A [[Pratt & Whitney R-1535]] Twin-Wasp Junior [[radial engine]] drove a two-blade [[constant-speed propeller]], which was intended to act as a dive brake during a dive bombing attack. The use of propeller braking was not entirely successful, and in practice US Navy Vindicators lowered the aircraft's undercarriage to act as a speed brake and dived at shallower angles. A single {{cvt|1000|lb}} bomb could be carried on a swinging trapeze to allow it to clear the propeller in a steep dive, while further bombs could be carried under the wings to give a maximum bombload of {{cvt|1500|lb}}.<ref name="AE p2-3">Green and Swanborough 1978, pp. 2–3.</ref><ref name="Wixey p64-5">Wixey 2000, pp. 64–65.</ref>

The SB2U was evaluated against the [[Brewster SBA|Brewster XSBA-1]], [[Curtiss SBC|Curtiss XSBC-3]], [[Great Lakes XB2G]]-1, [[Grumman XSBF]]-1 and [[Northrop BT|Northrop XBT-1]]. All but the [[Great Lakes Aircraft Company|Great Lakes]] and [[Grumman]] submissions were ordered into production. Designated XSB2U-1, one prototype was ordered on 15 October 1934 and was delivered on 15 April 1936. Accepted for operational evaluation on 2 July 1936, the prototype XSB2U-1, BuNo ''9725'', crashed on 20 August 1936.<ref>Larkins, William T., "U.S. Navy Aircraft 1921-1941, U.S. Marine Corps Aircraft 1914-1959", Orion Books, New York, 1988, Library of Congress card number 88-17753, {{ISBN|0-517-56920-5}}, page 196.</ref> Its successful completion of trials led to further orders,<ref name="McKillop"/> with 56 SB2U-1s ordered on 26 October 1936,<ref name="AE p3">Green and Swanborough 1978, p. 3.</ref> and a further 58 of a slightly modified version, the SB2U-2, on 6 October 1938.<ref name="AE p6">Green and Swanborough 1978, p. 6.</ref>

The SB2U-3 was a more heavily modified version, intended as a long-range scout bomber, capable of being fitted with a conventional wheeled undercarriage, for operations from aircraft carriers or land airbases, or with floats. To give the required increased range, the fuselage fuel tank fitted to the SB2U-1 and -2 was supplemented by integral wing tanks, while the aircraft's tail had an increased span. The prototype XSB2U-3, converted from the last SB2U-1, flew in February 1939, and after testing as both a landplane and floatplane, 57 SB2U-3s were ordered on 25 September 1939, mainly for the US Marine Corps.<ref name="AE p76">Green and Swanborough 1978, p. 76.</ref><ref name="Wixey p67-8">Wixey 2000, pp. 67–68.</ref>

The SB2U is prominently featured in the 1941 film [[Dive Bomber (film)|''Dive Bomber'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jesse |first= |date=2020-10-15 |title=The SB2U Vindicator: the Forgotten Bird in 24 Images - I Love WWII Planes |url=https://www.ilovewwiiplanes.com/2020/10/15/sb2u/ |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=ilovewwiiplanes |language=en}}</ref>

There were 260 examples of all Vindicator variants produced,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-12-04 |title=Vought SB2U Vindicator (1936) |url=https://naval-encyclopedia.com/naval-aviation/ww2/us/vought-sb2u-vindicator.php#google_vignette |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=Naval Encyclopedia |language=en-US}}</ref> and a single surviving SB2U-2 is preserved at the [[National Naval Aviation Museum]] at [[NAS Pensacola]], Florida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SB2U Vindicator |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nnam/explore/collections/aircraft/s/sb2u-vindicator.html |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=National Naval Aviation Museum |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Operational history==

===U.S. Navy===
[[File:SB2U-3 VMSB-231 Ewa 7Dec1941.jpg|thumb|SB2U destroyed at Pearl Harbor]]
[[File:Convoy WS-12 en route to Cape Town, 1941.jpg|thumb|SB2U from {{USS|Ranger|CV-4|2}} in November 1941.]]
[[File:SB2U taking off from Midway Jun 1942.jpg|thumb|SB2U-3 of VMSB-241, MAG-21, takes off from Eastern Island shortly before the Battle of Midway.]]
[[File:USS Wasp (CV-7) in at anchor in Casco Bay, Maine (USA), on 25 March 1942 (80-G-K-447).jpg|thumb|SB2U-3s on deck of {{USS|Wasp|CV-7|2}} in June 1942.]]

Deliveries to the US Navy began in December 1937, when four aircraft joined [[VFA-14 (U.S. Navy)|VB-3]] aboard the aircraft carrier {{USS|Saratoga|CV-3|2}}, replacing [[Curtiss F11C Goshawk|Curtiss BFC]]-2 biplanes. As well as ''Saratoga'', Vindicators served on the carriers {{USS|Lexington|CV-2|2}}, {{USS|Ranger|CV-4|2}}, and {{USS|Wasp|CV-7|2}}.<ref name="AE p5-6">Green and Swanborough 1978, pp. 5–6.</ref> Air Group Nine, destined for {{USS|Essex|CV-9|2}}, trained in Vindicators aboard the escort carrier {{USS|Charger|CVE-30|2}}, but they transitioned to the [[Douglas SBD Dauntless]] before ''Essex'' joined the war.<ref name="McKillop"/>

During the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], seven ''Vindicators'' from the U.S. squadron VMSB-231 were destroyed at [[Marine Corps Air Station Ewa|Ewa Field]].<ref>Doll 1992, p. 5</ref>

===U.S. Marine Corps===
[[VMA-231|VMSB-231]] and [[VMA-241|VMSB-241]] were the only two USMC squadrons that fielded the Marine-specific SB2U-3 between March 1941 and September 1943. VMSB-241's Vindicators saw combat at the Battle of Midway in June 1942.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://midway1942.org/docs/usn_doc_18.shtml|title=Midway 1942 : Documents : Commanding Officer Marine Scout-Bombing Squadron 241. Action report. June 12, 1942|access-date=2013-06-20|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201172622/http://midway1942.org/docs/usn_doc_18.shtml|archive-date=2014-02-01}}</ref> Airmen with experience in more modern aircraft spoke disparagingly of SB2Us as "vibrators" or "wind indicators" in their later combat assignments.<ref name="Proceedings">O'Rourke, G.G, CAPT USN. "Of Hosenoses, Stoofs, and Lefthanded Spads". ''United States Naval Institute Proceedings'', July 1968.</ref><ref name="P2">Spangenburg, Walt, CAPT USN. "Comment and Discussion". ''United States Naval Institute Proceedings'', October 1968.</ref> Captain [[Richard E. Fleming]] piloted a SB2U-3 Vindicator in an attack on the [[Japanese cruiser Mikuma|Japanese cruiser ''Mikuma'']] on 5 June 1942, for which he was posthumously awarded the [[Medal of Honor]].<ref name="Always Faithful">{{citation|title=Always Faithful|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/nhhc/research/histories/naval-aviation/Naval%20Aviation%20News/2000/2003/may-june/always.pdf|publisher=Naval Aviation News|author=Hill Goodspeed|date=May 2003|access-date=2016-03-10}}</ref>

===French Navy===
On 22 February 1939, France placed an order for 20 V-156-Fs for the carrier-based squadrons of the ''[[Aéronautique Navale]]'' (French Naval Aviation), with an order for 20 more V-156-Fs following in May 1939.<ref name="AE p7">Green and Swanborough 1978, p.7.</ref><ref name="avn54p378">Ledet September 1997, pp. 37–38</ref> Based on the SB2U-2, the V-156-F incorporated specific French equipment, included {{cvt|7.5|mm}} [[Darne machine gun]]s and French radios, while the aircraft were fitted with dive brakes, as tested and rejected by the US Navy.<ref name="AE p7"/> The aircraft were delivered to France in crates and reassembled at [[Orly]], with the first example flying in France on 6 August 1939.<ref name="avn54p389">Ledet September 1997, pp. 38–39</ref> On the outbreak of the [[Second World War]] in September 1939, the French Navy decided that its only aircraft carrier, {{Ship|French aircraft carrier|Béarn||2}} was too slow for operational service, and the ship's squadrons disembarked for land-based service.<ref name="fana297p42">Morareau February 1997, p. 42</ref> By mid-October 1939, the first ''[[escadrille]]'', AB 1, had reequipped with the V-156-F,<ref name="fana297p42"/> while a second ''escadrille'', AB 3, was formed in November 1939.<ref name="fana298p42">Morareau March 1997, p. 42</ref> In March–April 1940, AB 1's pilots carried out successful deck-landing training aboard ''Béarn'', and were declared carrier qualified.<ref name="fana297p45">Morareau February 1997, p. 45</ref><ref name="AE p8"/> 

On 10 May 1940, on the opening day of the [[Battle of France|German invasion of France]], all 12 of AB 3's aircraft were destroyed in a German air raid on [[Boulogne-sur-Mer|Boulogne]] airfield.<ref name="AE p8"/><ref name="fana298p44">Morareau March 1997, p. 44</ref> AB 1 was ordered up to Northern France from [[Hyères]] as a replacement, sustaining heavy losses while attacking bridges and German ground targets in Northern France, including seven aircraft shot down by [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]]s during an attack on a bridge over the [[Sambre–Oise Canal]] on 20 May 1940, and later that month provided air cover for the [[Evacuation of Dunkirk]].<ref name="AE p8"/> AB 3, which had had its losses replaced by V-156-Fs taken out of storage,<ref name="AE p8"/> was deployed against the Italians following the [[Italian invasion of France]] on 10 June and on 14 June, four V-156s attacked the {{ship|Italian submarine|Gondar}}, which was unharmed.<ref name="fana298p45">Morareau March 1997, p. 45</ref> By the time of the [[Armistice with France (Second Compiègne)|Armistice]], there were only a handful of remaining Voughts in French hands, and the type was phased out of service.<ref name="fana297p54">Morareau February 1997, p. 54</ref>

===Royal Navy===
France had placed an order for a further 50 V-156-Fs in March 1940, with delivery planned from March 1941. Following the [[Second Armistice at Compiègne|defeat of France]], this order was taken over by the British government for use by the [[Royal Navy]]'s [[Fleet Air Arm]], who named the aircraft the Chesapeake.<ref name="AE p8">Green and Swanborough 1978, p.8.</ref> The British required several modifications to the Chesapeake, including the additional fuel tank fitted to the SB2U-3,<ref name="AE p8"/> additional armor and heavier forward firing armament, with four rifle caliber machine guns replacing the single forward-firing [[Darne machine gun]] of the French aircraft.<ref name="AE p74">Green and Swanborough 1978, p.74.</ref> Fourteen Chesapeakes were used to equip a reformed [[811 Naval Air Squadron]] on 14 July 1941 at [[RNAS Lee-on-Solent (HMS Daedalus)|RNAS Lee-on-Solent]].<ref name="Thetford Navy p340">Thetford 1978, p.340.</ref> The squadron, whose crews referred to the aircraft as the "cheesecake", intended to use them for [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] patrols, and they were earmarked for the [[escort aircraft carrier|escort carrier]] {{HMS|Archer|D78|6}}.<ref>Moran 1978, p. 65</ref>

By the end of October that year, it had been decided that the Chesapeakes were underpowered for the planned duties and would not be able to lift a useful payload from the small escort carriers. Accordingly, they were withdrawn from 811 Squadron in November 1941 for use as training aircraft and the unit was re-equipped with the biplane [[Fairey Swordfish]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-01 |title=Historic Aircraft - No Vindication for the Vindicator |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2014/december/historic-aircraft-no-vindication-vindicator#:~:text=An%20additional%20order%20soon%20was,and%20a%20larger%20horizontal%20tail. |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=U.S. Naval Institute |language=en}}</ref>

==Variants==
;XSB2U-1
:Single prototype, powered by a {{cvt|750|hp}} R-1535-78 engine.
;SB2U-1
:Initial production version powered by an {{cvt|825|hp}} R-1535-96 engine, 54 built.
;SB2U-2
:Same as SB2U-1 but with minor equipment changed, 58 built.
;XSB2U-3
:Single prototype of the extended-range version with twin floats, converted from the SB2U-1.
;SB2U-3
:Similar to the SB2U-2 but fitted with an {{cvt|825|hp}} R-1535-102 engine, crew armor and two {{cvt|0.5|in|1}} guns, 57 built
;V-156F-3
:Export version for the French Navy, 40 built.
;V-156B-1
:Export version similar to the SB2U-3 and powered by a {{cvt|750|hp}} R-1535-SB4-G engine for the British Royal Navy. Designated '''Chesapeake Mk.I'''; 50 built.
;V-167
:The V-156 company demonstrator was fitted with a more powerful Pratt & Whitney R-1830 engine and redesignated V-167. It remained a one-off.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voughtaircraft.com/heritage/products/html/sb2uquant.html|title=SB2U Quantities|website=Vought Heritage and Education Web Site|access-date=2013-04-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529140912/http://www.voughtaircraft.com/heritage/products/html/sb2uquant.html|archive-date=2012-05-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voughtaircraft.com/heritage/photo/html/pv-167_2.html|title=Photo Gallery: V-167|website=Vought Heritage and Education Web Site|access-date=2013-04-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109021426/http://www.voughtaircraft.com/heritage/photo/html/pv-167_2.html|archive-date=2007-11-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://celticowboy.com/VCorsairs%20Photos.htm|title=Archived copy|access-date=2013-04-08|archive-date=2014-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201170131/http://celticowboy.com/VCorsairs%20Photos.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Operators==
[[File:Restored Vought SB2U-2 Vindicator at the U.S. National Naval Aviation Museum, Pensacola, Florida (USA), in 1999.jpg|thumb|SB2U-2 of VB-9 from the [[National Museum of Naval Aviation]]]]

;{{FRA}} 
*[[French Navy]] [[Aéronavale]]
;{{UK}}  
*[[Royal Navy]] [[Fleet Air Arm]]
**[[811 Naval Air Squadron]]<ref name="Thetford Navy p340"/>
;{{USA}} 
*[[United States Navy]]
*[[United States Marine Corps]]

==Surviving aircraft==
Only one known survivor exists today:
*SB2U-2 Vindicator, Bureau Number ''1383'', is on display at the [[National Naval Aviation Museum]] at [[NAS Pensacola]], [[Florida]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/attractions/aircraft-exhibits/item/?item=sb2u_vindicator|title=SB2U Vindicator/Bu. 1383|website=National Naval Aviation Museum|access-date=2012-04-09|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313071646/http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/attractions/aircraft-exhibits/item/?item=sb2u_vindicator|archive-date=2014-03-13}}</ref>

==Specifications (SB2U-3)==
[[File:Vought SB2U-1 Vindicator.svg|thumb|400px|Vought SB2U-1 Vindicator]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=The Annals of Sugar Baker Two Uncle<ref name="AE p8,77">Green and Swanborough 1978, pp. 8, 77.</ref>
|prime units?=kts
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|genhide=

|crew=2
|capacity=
|length ft=33
|length in=11+3/4
|length sigfig=4
|span ft=41
|span in=10+7/8
|span sigfig=4
|height m=
|height ft=14
|height in=3
|height note= (tail down, propeller vertical)
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=305.3
|wing area note=
|swept area sqm=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept area sqft=<!-- swing-wings -->
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=5634
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=7474
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=9421
|fuel capacity={{cvt|370|USgal|impgal L}} internal fuel
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney R-1535]]-02 Twin Wasp Jr
|eng1 type=14-cylinder two-row air-cooled [[radial engine]]
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=825<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 note= (take-off power) : {{cvt|750|hp|kW}} (continuous power)

|prop blade number=2<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=Hamilton Standard [[constant-speed propeller]]
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=11<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=0<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=243
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at {{cvt|9500|ft}}
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=152
|cruise speed note=(range cruise)
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|range km=
|range miles=1120
|range note=(main and wing center-section tanks only), {{cvt|1000|lb}} bombload
|ferry range miles=2450
|ferry range note=(max internal and external fuel)
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=23600
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=1070
|time to altitude=17.5 min to {{cvt|15000|ft}}
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns= <br />
** 1 × forward firing {{cvt|0.50|in|1}} [[M2 Browning machine gun]] in starboard wing
** 1 × {{cvt|0.50|in|1}} machine gun in flexible mount in rear cockpit 
|bombs= <br />
**1 × {{cvt|1000|lb}} ''or'' {{cvt|500|lb}} bomb under fuselage
**2 × {{cvt|100|lb}} and 8 × {{cvt|30|lb}} bombs under wings
|rockets= 
|missiles= 
|hardpoints=
|hardpoint capacity=
|hardpoint rockets=
|hardpoint missiles=
|hardpoint bombs=
|hardpoint other=

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
{{aircontent|
|related=
|similar aircraft=
*[[Aichi D3A]]
*[[Blackburn Skua]]
*[[Breda Ba.65]]
*[[Brewster SBA]]
*[[Douglas SBD Dauntless]]
*[[Junkers Ju 87]]
*[[Loire-Nieuport LN.401]]
*[[Northrop BT]]
|lists=
*[[List of aircraft of World War II]]
*[[List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)]]
|see also=
}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Eric|last2=Green|first2=William|last3=Swanborough|first3=Gordon|chapter=Vought Chesapeake|title=Wings of the Navy, Flying Allied Carrier Aircraft of World War Two|year=1980|location=London|publisher=Jane's Publishing Company|pages=20–29|isbn=0-7106-0002-X}}
*{{cite book|last=Doll|first=Tom|title=SB2U Vindicator in Action (Aircraft No. 122)|year=1992|location=Carrollton, Texas|publisher= Squadron/Signal Publications Inc.|isbn=0-89747-274-8}}
*{{cite magazine|last1=Green|first1=William|author-link1=William Green (author)|first2=Gordon|last2=Swanborough|title=The Annals of Sugar Baker Two Uncle|magazine=[[Air Enthusiast]]|issue=Eight|date=October 1978 – January 1979|location= Bromley, UK|publisher=Fine Scroll|pages=1–8, 74–79}}
*{{cite magazine|last1=Ledet|first1=Michel|title=Le Vought SB2U "Vindicator" (1ère partie)|magazine=Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire|date=July 1997|issue=52|pages=22–29|language=fr|issn=1243-8650}}
*{{cite magazine|last1=Ledet|first1=Michel|title=Le Vought SB2U "Vindicator" (2ème partie)|magazine=Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire|date=August 1997|issue=53|pages=9–13|language=fr|issn=1243-8650}}
*{{cite magazine|last1=Ledet|first1=Michel|title=Le Vought SB2U "Vindicator" (3ème partie)|magazine=Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire|date=September 1997|issue=54|pages=37–41|language=fr|issn=1243-8650}}
*{{cite magazine|last1=Ledet|first1=Michel|title=Le Vought SB2U "Vindicator" (4ème et dernière partie)|magazine=Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire|date=October 1997|issue=55|pages=14–18|language=fr|issn=1243-8650}}
*{{cite book|last=Mondey|first=David|title=The Hamlyn Concise Guide to American Aircraft of World War II|year=1982|location=London|publisher=Chancellor Press|isbn=1-85152-706-0}}
*{{Cite book |last=Moran |first=Gerard P. |url=https://archive.org/details/aeroplanesvought0000mora/mode/2up?q=Archer |title=Aeroplanes Vought, 1917-1977 |publisher=Historical Aviation Album |others= |year=1978 |isbn=978-0-911852-83-7 |location=Temple City, California}}
* {{cite magazine|last=Morareau|first=Lucien|title=Histoire de l'Aviation Embarquée en France, De la torpille... ...à la bombe (Deuxième partie)|magazine=Le Fana de l'Aviation|date=February 1997|issue=327|pages=42–54|language=fr}} 
* {{cite magazine|last=Morareau|first=Lucien|title=Histoire de l'Aviation Embarquée en France, De la torpille... ...à la bombe (Troisième partie et fin)|magazine=Le Fana de l'Aviation|date=March 1997|issue=328|pages=42–47|language=fr}} 
*{{cite magazine|last1=Rivière|first1=Pierre|title=Les malheureux "Helldiver" français de 1940|magazine=Le Fana de l'Aviation|date=May 1983|issue=162|pages=27–29|issn=0757-4169|language=fr|trans-title=The Unlucky French "Helldivers" of 1940}}
*{{cite book|last=Taylor|first= John W. R.|author-link=John W. R. Taylor|chapter=SB2U Vindicator|title=Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the Present|year=1969|location=New York|publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons|isbn=0-425-03633-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Thetford|first=Owen|title=British Naval Aircraft since 1912|year=1978|edition=Fourth|location=London|publisher=Putnam|isbn=0-370-30021-1}}
*{{cite magazine|last=Wixey|first=Ken|title='Flying Fuel Cans': Vought's SB2U Vindicator|magazine=Air Enthusiast|issue=86|date= March–April 2000|location=Stamford, UK|publisher=Key Publishing|pages=62–69|issn=0143-5450}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.vought.org/products/html/sb2u.html SB2U page on Vought official website]
*[http://www.vought.org/products/html/v-156-f.html V-156F page on Vought official website]
*[http://www.airtoaircombat.com/detail.asp?id=539 AirToAirCombat.Com: Vought SB2U-1 Vindicator]

{{Vought aircraft}}
{{USN scout aircraft}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Vought aircraft|SB02U]]
[[Category:1930s United States attack aircraft|SBU2 Vindicator]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Carrier-based aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1936]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear]]
[[Category:Single-engined piston aircraft]]