Editing Washington Generals

{{short description|Exhibition basketball team}}
{{Infobox basketball club
| name = Washington Generals
| logo = Washington Generals logo.svg
| imagesize = 250px
| founded = 1952
| leagues = Independent
| history  = Also known as:{{ubl|'''Boston Shamrocks'''<br />(1971–1972)|'''New Jersey Reds'''<br />(1971–1976)|'''Baltimore Rockets'''<br />(1971–1972)|'''Atlantic City Seagulls'''<br />(1971–1972)|'''New York Nationals'''<br />(1995–2006)|'''International Elite'''<br />(2011–2012)|'''Global Select'''<br />(2011–2012)|'''World All-Stars'''<br />(2013–2014)}}
| dissolved = 2015, '''Re-formed''' 2017
| arena = [[Barnstorm (sports)|Barnstorm]]ing team
| colors = Green, yellow<br />{{color box|#2F9E48}} {{color box|#FDEE19}}
| owner = [[Herschend Family Entertainment]]
| coach = [[Sam Worthen]]<ref name="NBA2018">{{cite web|last1=Aschburner|first1=Steve|title=Coach of Washington Generals well-versed in notion of losing to win |url=http://www.nba.com/article/2018/03/16/washington-generals-coach-sam-worthen-losing-win-nba| website= NBA.com| access-date= 19 March 2018|language=en|date=17 March 2018}}</ref>
| gm = [[Kenny Smith]]<ref name="NBA2018"/>
| conference =
| division =
| website = [https://www.harlemglobetrotters.com/world-tour/roster/washington-generals/ Official website]
}}
The '''Washington Generals''' are an [[United States|American]] [[basketball]] team who play [[Exhibition game|exhibition games]] against the [[Harlem Globetrotters]]. The team has also played under several [[Pseudonym|aliases]] in their history as the Globetrotters' perennial opponents.

==Function==
[[File:Wash gen logo.jpg|thumb|Old logo of the team]]
[[File:Washington Generals vs. Harlem Globetrotters June 2019 14 (opening tip).jpg|thumb|The Generals in action against the Globetrotters in 2019]]
[[File:Harlem Globetrotters bring their basketball talents to Camp Foster 141206-M-XX123-001.jpg|thumb|A Globetrotter [[slam dunks]] over a Washington Generals player.|alt=]]
The Generals exist primarily as a part of the Harlem Globetrotters' act, effectively being [[Straight man (stock character)|stooges]] for the Globetrotters. While the Globetrotters play tricks and perform spectacular displays of skill for the crowd, the Generals attempt to play a "normal" game of basketball. The Generals' games involve playing genuine basketball at times, but also not interfering in the Globetrotters' tricks. Almost every game has ended in a resounding win for the Globetrotters.<ref name="SB2015" /> Despite their losses, the Generals' roster consists of competent players.<ref name="SB2015" /> A recurring part of the act is the "guest General", where, for a short period, an invited person (usually a local celebrity) comes on court to play for the Generals.<ref>{{cite news|title=Harlem Globetrotters at XL Center |url= https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/Harlem-Globetrotters-at-XL-Center-293328731.html|access-date=20 March 2018|work=NBC Connecticut|date=21 February 2015|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Harlem Globetrotters Tip Off|url=https://www.si.com/si-kids/photos/2016/01/12/harlem-globetrotters-tip|access-date=20 March 2018|magazine= Sports Illustrated| via= SI.com|date=7 October 2009|language=en}}</ref> There can exist multiple teams of Generals simultaneously, each following different touring Globetrotters teams.<ref name="NBA2018" /> 

While the Generals are closely associated with the Globetrotters, they were, for most of their history, an independent franchise owned by their founder, [[Red Klotz|Louis "Red" Klotz]], who also played on the Generals.<ref name= Courant /> In 2017 they were purchased from the Klotz family by Globetrotters' owners [[Herschend Entertainment]] and officially revived from a two-year hiatus.<ref name="epsn_comeback">{{cite news |last1= Rovell |first1= Darren |title=Generals make comeback as Globetrotters' foe|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/nba/story/_/id/19455306/washington-generals-purchased-herschend-entertainment|access-date=8 March 2018|work=ESPN.com|date=25 May 2017}}</ref>

==History==
The Generals were created in 1952 by [[Louis Klotz|Louis "Red" Klotz]], a former player for the [[Philadelphia Sphas]], a former [[American Basketball League (1925–1955)|ABL]] team that became one of the Globetrotters' exhibition rivals. Globetrotters owner [[Abe Saperstein]] had invited Klotz to create a squad to accompany his team on their tours, in part because the Sphas had beaten the Globetrotters on more than one occasion while serving as one of the Globetrotters' exhibition teams.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The SPHAS: The Life and Times of Basketball's Greatest Jewish Team|last=Stark|first=Douglas|publisher=Temple University Press|year=2011|pages=219}}</ref> With a nod to [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], the team was named the Washington Generals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.washingtongenerals.com/history|title=Get to know the history behind the Washington Generals|publisher=Washington Generals|language=en|access-date=2018-02-09}}</ref> 

The Generals remained a continuous presence in the Globetrotters act from then on, but to give the illusion of variety they played under a variety of different names with changes of uniform. During the 1971–72 season, the Generals' name was alternated with the "Boston Shamrocks", "New Jersey Reds", "Baltimore Rockets", and "Atlantic City Seagulls". The team rotated between these identities for a few seasons before going back to the Generals identity full-time. In 1995 Klotz "disbanded" the Generals and formed the "New York Nationals" which again was only a nominal change.

[[File:Harlem Globetrotters dribbling 04 (cropped).jpg|thumb|From 1995 to 2007 the team played as the "New York Nationals" in maroon jerseys]]
John Ferrari, the son-in-law of Klotz, took over as general manager of the team in 1987.<ref name=epsn/>

After a 12-year hiatus, the team returned to their Generals identity on October 9, 2007, playing against the Globetrotters at the [[369th Regiment Armory|369th Harlem Armory]]. The Globetrotters won 54–50.<ref name=FAQ>{{cite web |url=http://www.harlemglobetrotters.com/news/faq/#5 |publisher=The Harlem Globetrotters| title= FAQ Page |work= Harlemglobetrotters.com |access-date=2014-01-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140105045431/http://www.harlemglobetrotters.com/news/faq#5 |archive-date=2014-01-05 }}</ref> The monikers of "International Elite" and the "Global Select" were adopted prior to the 2011–12 World Tour. For the 2013–14 Harlem Globetrotters World Tour, the team took on the moniker of the "World All-Stars".

The Generals would occasionally play teams other than the Globetrotters. Among these games, which were competitive, they managed to record victories against the [[Chinese Taipei men's national basketball team|Taiwanese national team]] and a low-level [[Red Army]] team.<ref name=NBC/>

In 2015, the Harlem Globetrotters management chose to end contractual relations with the Generals organization, resulting in the Generals ceasing operations. The Generals played their last game against the Globetrotters on August 1, 2015, in Wildwood, New Jersey.<ref name=NBC>{{cite web| url= http://sportsworld.nbcsports.com/washington-generals-folding-harlem-globetrotters/|title=Losers' Lament: After decades of defeat, the Washington Generals have lost for the final time|first=Joe|last=Posnanski|access-date=August 14, 2015|work=NBC Sports|date=12 August 2015 }}</ref><ref name=epsn>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/13433859/harlem-globetrotters-drop-washington-generals-primary-opponent|title=After 63 years, Globetrotters drop rival Generals as primary opponent|work=ESPN.com|date=August 14, 2015|access-date=August 14, 2015|first=Darren|last= Rovell}}</ref> Overall, the Generals had lost to the Globetrotters more than  16,000 times in their combined history<ref name="SB2015">{{cite news| last1= Sherman|first1=Rodger|title=A requiem for the Washington Generals|url=https://www.sbnation.com/2015/8/14/9152971/washington-generals-harlem-globetrotters-losing-all-the-time|access-date=8 March 2018|work=SBNation.com|date=14 August 2015}}</ref> while winning a mere 3–6 games.<ref name= "SCS" /><ref name="Official_history" />

From 2015 the Globetrotters' opposition was organised by their own management. In 2017, [[Herschend Family Entertainment]], the owners of the Harlem Globetrotters, bought the Washington Generals from the Klotz family and revived them as an active team with [[Kenny Smith]] as general manager and [[Sam Worthen]] as coach.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2711659-washington-generals-to-play-globetrotters-once-again-after-being-bought|title=Washington Generals to Play Globetrotters Once Again After Being Bought|first=Scott|last=Polacek|website=[[Bleacher Report]] }}</ref><ref name="NBA2018" /> The Generals held a tongue-in-cheek "draft" where they selected various unavailable persons including [[LaVar Ball]] and [[Conor McGregor]].<ref name="Generals_draft">{{cite web|title=2017 Draft Results |url=http://www.washingtongenerals.com/news/2017-draft-results|website= washingtongenerals.com|access-date=19 March 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref name="FTW">{{cite web| last1= Joseph| first1= Andrew| title=The Washington Generals held a ridiculous draft that included LaVar Ball and Conor McGregor|url=http://ftw.usatoday.com/2017/06/washington-generals-draft-lavar-ball-conor-mcgregor-tbt|website=For The Win|access-date=19 March 2018|date=20 June 2017}}</ref> As a reintroduction for the team, they were entered in ESPN's [[The Basketball Tournament 2017]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtongenerals.com/news/generals-receive-large-bid-tbt|title=Generals Receive At-Large Bid for TBT |publisher= Washington Generals|website= washingtongenerals.com}}</ref> Despite having a rare opportunity to play serious, competitive basketball, their long losing run continued with a first round loss.<ref name="TBT_result">{{cite news |title= Matadors Hold Off Generals to Advance |url=https://www.thetournament.com/news/matadors-hold-generals-advance|access-date=19 March 2018 |work= thetournament.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Record against Harlem Globetrotters==<!-- This section is linked from [[Harlem Globetrotters]] -->
<!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:Globetrotters logo.png|thumb|right|100px]] -->
Figures vary as to exactly how often the Generals have beaten their rivals. Some reports say six times,<ref name="SCS">{{cite news |last1= Whitley| first1= David |title=Globetrotters won't have Washington Generals to kick around anymore| url= http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/NE/20150816/SPORTS/150819713|access-date=19 March 2018|work=Santa Cruz Sentinel|date=16 August 2015 |language=en}}</ref> while the team's official website reports having three victories over the Globetrotters, one each in 1954, 1958 and 1971.<ref name="Official_history">{{cite web|title=Get to know the history behind the Washington Generals| url= http://www.washingtongenerals.com/history|website= washingtongenerals.com|access-date=9 March 2018|language=en}}</ref> The 1971 win is the most storied of these and is sometimes reported as the team's sole victory.<ref name="SB2015" />

Playing as the New Jersey Reds, they won 100–99 on January 5, 1971, in [[Martin, Tennessee|Martin]], [[Tennessee]], ending their 2,495-game losing streak. Klotz credits the overtime win to a guard named Eddie Mahar, who was team captain.<ref>{{cite news| title= The Last Time the Globetrotters Came Up Short| work= [[Newsday]] |place= New York| date= February 17, 1991}}</ref>  Harlem's captain, [[Curly Neal]], did not play in this game.<ref name=Arkansas>{{cite news| title= Curly Neal says he's an athlete first| work= [[Arkansas Democrat-Gazette]]| place= Little Rock, Arkansas| date= January 7, 1990}}</ref>

While the Globetrotters were entertaining the crowd that day, they lost track of the game and the score. They found themselves down 12 points with two minutes left to go. Forced to play normal basketball, the Globetrotters rallied but could not recover.<ref>{{cite news| title= Showtime in NBA Can Be Traced to Trotters| work= [[Sporting News]]| publisher= March 12, 1990}}</ref> 

The Reds secured their victory when the 50-year-old Klotz hit the winning basket with seconds left. Then, [[Meadowlark Lemon]] missed a shot that would have given the game back to the Globetrotters. The timekeeper tried to stop the clock but could not. When the final buzzer sounded, the crowd was dumbfounded and disappointed. Klotz described the fans' reaction: "They looked at us like we killed [[Santa Claus]]."<ref>{{cite news| url= http://mywebpages.comcast.net/coklotz/redklotz/news2.html | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070816071354/http://mywebpages.comcast.net/coklotz/redklotz/news2.html | url-status= dead | archive-date= 2007-08-16 | format= reprint | work= [[The Augusta Chronicle]] | date= March 6, 1998 | title= Klotz's klutzes unfazed | last= Kimes | first= Kent }}</ref><ref name= Courant>{{cite news| url= https://www.courant.com/2000/03/19/an-upset-that-shook-the-globe/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101165219/http://articles.courant.com/2000-03-19/news/0003190083_1_harlem-globetrotters-new-jersey-red-ex-nba| archive-date= November 1, 2016| title= An Upset That Shook The Globe| work= [[Hartford Courant]]| place= Hartford, Connecticut| date= March 19, 2000| url-status= live| access-date= April 9, 2024}}</ref>

Some children in the stands cried after the loss.<ref name=Arkansas/> The Reds celebrated by dousing themselves with orange pop instead of champagne. Lemon was furious, saying, "You lost, I didn't lose", but still visited the opposing team’s [[locker room]] to congratulate the Reds.<ref name= Courant/>

==Generals–Globetrotters transfers==
Very rarely Washington Generals players have been "promoted" to the Globetrotters. [[Dizzy Grant|Derick "Dizzy" Grant]] was transferred in 2010,<ref name= "dizzy">{{cite news|last1=Friedman|first1=Sally|title=Lifelong hoop dream comes true for Harlem Globetrotter |url= http://www.southjerseylocalnews.com/entertainment/lifelong-hoop-dream-comes-true-for-harlem-globetrotter/article_219f4e26-7d02-5a26-b7f7-f07581c9bdc8.html|access-date=20 March 2018|work= [[South Jersey Local News]]|language=en}}</ref> and [[Too Tall Hall|Jonte "Too Tall" Hall]] made the transition in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Klingaman|first1=Mike|title=Harlem Globetrotters: Hall stands tall for traveling basketball team| url= https://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/bs-xpm-2012-03-23-bs-sp-globetrotter-0324-20120320-story.html | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160321205501/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2012-03-23/sports/bs-sp-globetrotter-0324-20120320_1_harlem-globetrotters-washington-generals-too-tall-hall | url-status= live | archive-date= March 21, 2016 |access-date=20 March 2018|work=tribunedigital-baltimoresun|date=23 March 2012|language=en}}</ref>

[[Paul Sturgess (basketball)|Paul Sturgess]] made the opposite transition. The former Globetrotter,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Powell |first1=Dave |date=5 June 2017 |title=Paul Sturgess: From Cheshire Phoenix to working with Johnny Depp and Jude Law |work=[[Chester Chronicle]] |url=https://www.chesterchronicle.co.uk/sport/basketball/paul-sturgess-cheshire-phoenix-working-13139563 |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> after a few seasons playing for other teams, transferred back into the setup as part of the arranged opposition.<ref>{{cite news|title=Harlem Globetrotters in Venice today|url=http://thelosangeleno.com/harlem-globetrotters-in-venice-today|access-date=20 March 2018|work=thelosangeleno.com|date=10 December 2016}}</ref> The {{convert|7|ft|7|in|m|abbr=on}} Sturgess adopted the persona of "Cager", a masked adversary who adopts a villainous role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cager – The Globetrotter's Biggest Nightmare |url=http://www.washingtongenerals.com/cager|website= washingtongenerals.com|access-date=20 March 2018|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official|https://www.harlemglobetrotters.com/world-tour/roster/washington-generals/}}
* {{cite magazine| url= http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1006252/index.htm | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090220124856/http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1006252/index.htm | url-status= dead | archive-date= February 20, 2009 |last= Crothers| first= Tim| title= The General Whose Army Never Wins| magazine= [[Sports Illustrated]]| date= February 20, 1995}}
* {{cite news| url= https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/13/sports/basketball/13generals.html |last= Branch| first= John| title= When the Generals Lose to the Globetrotters, Everyone Wins| work= [[The New York Times]]| date= February 13, 2009}}

{{HFEC}}

[[Category:Washington Generals| ]]
[[Category:Herschend Family Entertainment]]
[[Category:Basketball teams in the United States]]
[[Category:Sports entertainment]]
[[Category:Basketball teams established in 1952]]