Editing Wayne National Forest

{{Short description|Protected area in Ohio, USA}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name            = Wayne National Forest
| iucn_category   = 
| iucn_ref        = 
<!-- images -->
| photo           = File:Wayne National Forest Welcome Entrance Sign.jpg
| photo_caption   = Welcome Sign for Wayne National Forest
<!-- map -->
| map             = 
| map_image       = Oh forests.png
| map_size        = 
| map_caption     = Location of Wayne National Forest
| relief          = 
<!-- location -->
| location        = Ohio, United States
| nearest_city    = 
| nearest_town    = 
| coordinates     = {{coord|39|30|0|N|82|0|0|W|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref      = 
<!-- stats --> 
| length          = 
| length_mi       =
| length_km       = 
| width           = 
| width_mi        = 
| width_km        = 
| area_acre       = 240101
| area_ref        = <ref name=area>{{cite web |title=Land Areas of the National Forest System |publisher=U.S. Forest Service |date=January 2012 |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/land/staff/lar/LAR2011/LAR2011_Book_A5.pdf |access-date=June 30, 2012}}</ref>
| elevation       = 
| elevation_avg   = 
| elevation_min   = 
| elevation_max   = 
| dimensions      = 
| designation     = 
<!-- dates & info -->
| authorized      = 
| created         = 
| designated      = 
| established     = December 1992<ref name="WNF History">{{cite web|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/wayne/history/history_homepage.html|title=History|publisher=Wayne National Forest|access-date=January 19, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011121194942/http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/wayne/history/history_homepage.html|url-status=live|archive-date=November 21, 2001}}</ref>
| named_for       = [[Anthony Wayne]]
| visitation_num  = 
| visitation_year = 
| visitation_ref  = 
| governing_body  = 
| administrator   = 
| operator        = 
| owner           =
<!-- website, embedded --> 
| website         = [https://www.fs.usda.gov/wayne Wayne National Forest]
| embedded        = 
}}
The '''Wayne National Forest''' is located in the [[Appalachian Ohio|Appalachian part]] of the US state of [[Ohio]], in the [[Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau]]. It is the first and only [[United States National Forest|national forest]] in Ohio. Forest headquarters are located between [[The Plains, Ohio|The Plains]] and [[Nelsonville, Ohio|Nelsonville]], Ohio, on [[US Route 33]] overlooking the [[Hocking River]].

First referred to as "Ohio National Forest" (unofficially),<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ideastream.org/2023-09-05/name-change-considered-for-ohios-wayne-national-forest |title= Name change considered for Ohio's Wayne National Forest |work=Ideastream Public Media|first1=Allie|last1=Vugrincic|date=September 5, 2023|accessdate= November 1, 2024}}</ref> the Wayne National Forest was later officially named in honor of [[Anthony Wayne|General Anthony Wayne]], an American soldier, officer, statesman, and one of the [[Founding Fathers of the United States]]. He served in the [[American Revolutionary War]] and was later recalled from civilian life by President [[George Washington]] after [[St. Clair's defeat]] to command the [[Legion of the United States]] in the [[Northwest Indian War]] to gain control of the British controlled ceded [[Northwest Territory]], including the region that is now Ohio.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stockwell |first1=Mary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xb1TDwAAQBAJ&dq=unlikely+general+stockwell+creek+executed&pg=PA211 |title=Unlikely General: "Mad" Anthony Wayne and the Battle for America |date=1 January 2018 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-21475-8 |page=211 |language=en}}</ref>

The forest comprises three administrative and purchase units: [[Athens, Ohio|Athens]], [[Marietta, Ohio|Marietta]], and [[Ironton, Ohio|Ironton]]. The Athens and Marietta Units are managed together as the Athens Ranger District, while the Ironton Unit is managed as the Ironton Ranger District. Many of the lands included in the national forest are former coal-mining lands, and much of this land is owned by the federal government without the mineral rights, those having been retained by former owners.

As of September 2018, Wayne National Forest has {{convert|244265|acre|km2|0|abbr=}} in federal ownership within a proclamation boundary of {{convert|832147|acre|km2|0}}.<ref name="area" />
* The Athens Unit is located in [[Athens County, Ohio|Athens]], [[Hocking County, Ohio|Hocking]], [[Morgan County, Ohio|Morgan]], [[Perry County, Ohio|Perry]], and [[Vinton County, Ohio|Vinton]] Counties, and includes 67,224 acres (272&nbsp;km²) as of 2002. It features the Wildcat Hollow Trail, a hiking trail just northeast of [[Burr Oak State Park]] in [[Morgan County, Ohio|Morgan County]]; the Stone Church Horse Trail in [[Perry County, Ohio|Perry County]]; the Utah Ridge Recreation Area in [[Athens County, Ohio|Athens County]], and the Dorr Run ATV Trails in [[Hocking County, Ohio|Hocking County]].
* The Marietta Unit is located in [[Monroe County, Ohio|Monroe]], [[Noble County, Ohio|Noble]], and [[Washington County, Ohio|Washington]] Counties, and includes 63,381 acres (256&nbsp;km²) as of 2002, with over half of the total being within Washington County.
* The Ironton Unit is located in [[Gallia County, Ohio|Gallia]], [[Jackson County, Ohio|Jackson]], [[Lawrence County, Ohio|Lawrence]], and [[Scioto County, Ohio|Scioto]] Counties, and includes 99,049 acres (401&nbsp;km²) as of 2002, with over two-thirds of the total being within Lawrence County.

The [[North Country National Scenic Trail|North Country Trail]] passes through several areas of Wayne, in which it is coincident with the [[Buckeye Trail]] and the [[American Discovery Trail]]. The area of Ohio included within the national forest is based on late [[Paleozoic]] geology, heavy in sandstones and shales, including [[redbed]]s, with many coal beds. The topography is typically very rugged, with elevation changes typically in the 200–400-foot range.  

== History ==
The land on which the forest exists and grows was consigned to the United States by the [[Northwestern Confederacy]] in 1795 as part of the [[Treaty of Greenville]]; it is in the State of Ohio which was named for an indigenous word translating to "Good&nbsp;River."<ref>{{cite book |last=Bright |first= William |author-link=William Bright |year=2004 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5XfxzCm1qa4C&pg=PA344 |title=Native American Placenames of the United States |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] |page=344 |isbn=978-0-8061-3598-4 |access-date=October 29, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://americanindianstudies.osu.edu/ohio.cfm |title=Native Ohio |access-date=February 25, 2007 |website=American Indian Studies |publisher=[[Ohio State University]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070202230727/http://americanindianstudies.osu.edu/ohio.cfm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = February 2, 2007 |quote=Ohio comes from the Seneca (Iroquoian) 'ohiiyo' 'good river'}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/ohio_quick_facts.php |title=Quick Facts About the State of Ohio |publisher=Ohio History Central |access-date=October 29, 2024 |quote=From Iroquois word meaning 'great river' |archive-date=February 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208222032/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/ohio_quick_facts.php |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Marianne |last=Mithun |year=1999 |chapter=Borrowing |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALnf3s2m7PkC&pg=PA311 |pages=311–3 |title=The Languages of Native North America |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-29875-9 |quote=Ohio ('large creek') |access-date=October 29, 2024 |archive-date=July 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714233112/https://books.google.com/books?id=ALnf3s2m7PkC&pg=PA311 |url-status=live}}</ref>

During the late 18th and 19th century, the forested land was cleared for [[Agriculture|agricultural]] and [[Logging|lumbering]] use, but years of poor timbering and agricultural practices led to severe erosion and poor soil composition. The Wayne National Forest was started as part of a [[reforestation]] program. It was established as a National Forest for the public in December 1992.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mangus |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bndxn4Qlt4EC&pg=PA570 |title=Ohio Encyclopedia |last2=Herman |first2=Jennifer L. |publisher=North American Book Dist LLC |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-878592-68-2 |page=570}}</ref>

In 2022, approximately {{Convert|1300|acre}} of the forest were burned by fires that were deliberately set by a former fire department administrator and police officer. In 2025, the culprit was sentenced to 18 months in prison and required to pay $368,000 in restitution.<ref>{{cite web | last=Patterson | first=Jessica | title=Ex-firefighter sentenced for setting 26 fires in Ohio's Wayne National Forest | website=Fox 8 Cleveland WJW | date=February 10, 2025 | url=https://fox8.com/news/ex-firefighter-sentenced-for-setting-26-fires-in-ohios-wayne-national-forest/ | access-date=February 11, 2025}}</ref>

On April 4, 2024, the [[Biden Administration]] proposed that [[Fracking in the United States|fracking]] be permitted in the forest, a plan which drew widespread criticism.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 April 2024 |title=Federal plan would open Ohio's national forest to fracking |url=https://biologicaldiversity.org/w/news/press-releases/federal-plan-would-open-ohios-only-national-forest-to-fracking-2024-04-04/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |work=Center for Biological Diversity}}</ref> The administration's [[Bureau of Land Management]] announced it would open {{Convert|40000|acre}} of the Wayne to fracking for oil and gas. The new proposal, released in late March 2024, is nearly identical to the fracking plan that was blocked in 2020 by a federal judge after conservation groups had challenged it in federal court.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Plan Would Open Ohio's Only National Forest to Fracking |url=https://biologicaldiversity.org/w/news/press-releases/federal-plan-would-open-ohios-only-national-forest-to-fracking-2024-04-04/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=Center for Biological Diversity |language=en}}</ref>

On May 23, 2024, The Wayne National Forest planted a [[Moon tree|Moon Tree]] sapling at its Forest Headquarters building in [[Nelsonville, Ohio]], as part of an initiative between [[NASA]] and the [[United States Forest Service|U.S. Forest Service]]. The sweetgum sapling was one of fewer than 1,500 seedlings flown thousands of miles beyond the [[moon]] aboard the unmanned [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion spacecraft]], spending six weeks in space during NASA’s [[Artemis 1|Artemis I]] mission that had launched on November 16, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayne National Forest plants Moon Tree in Nelsonville that flew on Artemis I mission |url=https://www.lancastereaglegazette.com/story/news/local/2024/06/10/wayne-national-forest-plants-moon-tree-that-flew-on-artemis-i-mission/73925234007/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=Lancaster Eagle-Gazette |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Proposed renaming ==
On August 21, 2023, the [[United States Forest Service|U.S. Forest Service]] proposed changing the forest's name to "Buckeye National Forest" after considering other names that included "Ohio National Forest" (its first unofficial name) and "Koteewa National Forest" (Shawnee word for Buckeye).<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nbc4i.com/news/local-news/athens-county/why-ohios-only-national-forest-might-get-a-new-name/amp/ |title= Why Ohio's only national forest might get a new name |work=NBC4 WCMH-TV|first1=Sarah|last1=Donaldson|date=September 3, 2023|accessdate= October 29, 2024}}</ref> Some supporters of changing the name, including the [[Athens, Ohio|City Council of Athens]] in an official letter dated September 5, 2023,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://athensoh.portal.civicclerk.com/event/9/files/attachment/88 |title= "Wayne Letter," City Council - Regular Session - September 05, 2023 |work=Athens, OH - Agendas & Minutes|first1=Debbie|last1=Walker|date=September 5, 2023|accessdate= November 4, 2024}}</ref> prefer "Ohio National Forest," or "[[Asimina triloba|Pawpaw]] National Forest" for the official state native fruit,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thenewpolitical.com/news/1q9moc2r0u4nia51jbhsfv3sij0mhp |title= Athens City Council and Mayor Patterson discuss Wayne National Forest and a collaboration with the Ohio Organized Crime Investigation Task Force |work=The New Political|first1=Mia|last1=Kraus|date=September 19, 2023|accessdate= November 4, 2024}}</ref> to be chosen instead of "Buckeye National Forest."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ideastream.org/2023-09-05/name-change-considered-for-ohios-wayne-national-forest |title= Name change considered for Ohio's Wayne National Forest |work=Ideastream Public Media|first1=Allie|last1=Vugrincic|date=September 5, 2023|accessdate= November 1, 2024}}</ref> The change, if adopted by [[U.S. Secretary of Agriculture]] [[Tom Vilsack]] of [[Iowa]], would cost $400,000 to implement. The call to change the name was initiated primarily by American Indian tribes who objected to its namesake of Anthony Wayne.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/wayne/news-events/?cid=FSEPRD1132397 |title=Wayne National Forest Proposes Changing Name to Buckeye National Forest |date=21 August 2023 |website=U.S. Forest Service |access-date=30 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathis |first1=Carlos |date=5 September 2023 |title=Ohio's 'offensive' national forest name may change |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/4186473-ohios-offensive-national-forest-name-may-change/ |access-date=24 June 2024 |work=The Hill}}</ref> Opposition to changing the name centers on preserving Wayne's impact to Ohio, critiques of [[pop history]] (citing Wayne's complexity), and the violence caused by both tribes and settlers.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/news/2023/09/04/the-vigorous-debate-behind-renaming-ohio-s-wayne-national-forest |title= The vigorous debate behind renaming Ohio's Wayne National Forest |work=Spectrum News|first1=Staff|last1=Spectrum|date=September 4, 2023|accessdate= October 30, 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Appalachia]]
* [[Appalachian Ohio]]
* [[Appalachian Mountains]]
* [[List of national forests of the United States]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [https://www.fs.usda.gov/wayne Wayne National Forest Official Website]
* [http://www.ohiolandscape.org/09Forest.html ''A Forest Returns: The Success Story of Ohio's Only National Forest''] –- oral history on the beginnings of the Wayne.
*  [http://heartwood.org/Wayne_Economic_Analysis/Wayne+6-23-08.pdf ''Economic Analysis of the 2006 Wayne National Forest Plan''] – a critical analysis of future USFS plans for the Wayne
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWEHOq_RD6s] An oral history on the beginnings of the Wayne.
{{Protected Areas of Ohio}}
{{National Forests of the United States}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:National forests of Ohio]]
[[Category:National forests of the Appalachians]]
[[Category:Allegheny Plateau]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Athens County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Hocking County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Vinton County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Perry County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Morgan County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Washington County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Lawrence County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Gallia County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Jackson County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Monroe County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Noble County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Scioto County, Ohio]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in Ohio]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1992]]