Editing Welland

{{About||the canal|Welland Canal|other uses}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Welland
|settlement_type        = [[List of cities in Ontario|City]] ([[List of municipalities in Ontario#Lower-tier municipalities|lower-tier]])
|official_name          = City of Welland
|nickname               = The Rose City
|motto                  = Where Rails and Water Meet
|image_skyline          = Welland Civic Centre.jpg
|imagesize              =
|image_caption          = The Welland Civic Square
|image_flag             =
|image_blank_emblem     =
|image_shield           = Wellandcrest.jpg
|shield_size            = 100x90px
|image_map              = Welland-niagara.png
|mapsize                = 200px
|map_caption            = Location of Welland in the Niagara Region
|pushpin_map            = Canada Southern Ontario
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in southern Ontario
|coordinates            = {{coord|42|59|N|79|14|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[List of Ontario census divisions|Region]]
|subdivision_name       = Canada
|subdivision_name1      = [[Ontario]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Regional Municipality of Niagara|Niagara]]
|leader_title           = Mayor
|leader_title1          = Governing body
|leader_title2          = [[House of Commons of Canada|MP]]
|leader_title3          = [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario|MPP]]
|leader_name            = Frank Campion 
|leader_name1           = Welland City Council
|leader_name2           = [[Fred Davies (politician)|Fred Davies]]
|leader_name3           = [[Jeff Burch]]
|established_title      = Settled
|established_title2     = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] (village)
|established_title3     = Incorporated (city)
|established_date       = {{start date and age|1788}}
|established_date2      = {{start date and age|1858}}
|established_date3      = {{start date and age|1917}}
|area_magnitude         =
|area_footnotes         = <ref name="cp2016"/>
|area_total_km2         =
|area_land_km2          = 81.04
|area_water_km2         =
|area_water_percent     =
|area_urban_km2         =
|population_as_of       = 2021
|population_footnotes   = <ref name="cp2016">{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3526032&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Welland&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=3526032&TABID=1 |title=Welland, Ontario census profile |publisher=Statistics Canada |work=[[Canada 2016 Census|2016 Census of Population]] |access-date=2015-03-05}}</ref>
|population_total       = 55750
|population_urban       =
|population_density_km2 = 645.3
|timezone               = Eastern (EST)
|utc_offset             = −5
|timezone_DST           = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST         = −4
|elevation_footnotes    = <ref name=envcan/>
|elevation_m            = 175.30
|postal_code_type       = Forward Sortation Area
|postal_code            = [[List of L postal codes of Canada|L3B, L3C]]
|area_code              = [[Area code 905|905]] / [[Area code 289|289]] / [[Area code 365|365]] / [[Area code 742|742]]
|blank_name             = [[List of highways in Ontario|Highways]]
|blank_info                = {{jcon|Hwy|406}}<br>{{jcon|Hwy|140}}
|website                = {{URL|welland.ca}}
|footnotes              =
}}

'''Welland''' is a city in the [[Regional Municipality of Niagara]] in [[Southern Ontario]], Canada. As of 2021, it had a population of 55,750.<ref name="cp2016"/>

The city is in the centre of Niagara and located within a half-hour driving distance to [[Niagara Falls, Ontario|Niagara Falls]], [[Niagara-on-the-Lake]], [[St. Catharines]], and [[Port Colborne]]. It has been traditionally known as the place ''where rails and water meet'', referring to the railways from [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] to [[Toronto]] and [[Southwestern Ontario]], and the waterways of [[Welland Canal]] and [[Welland River]], which played a great role in the city's development. The city has developed on both sides of the Welland River and Welland Canal, which connects Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.

==History==

The area was settled in 1788 by [[United Empire Loyalists]] who had been granted land by the Crown to compensate for losses due to property they left in the British Thirteen Colonies during and after the American Revolutionary War.

Tensions continued between Great Britain and the newly independent United States, and the War of 1812 broke out. On 19 October 1814, Canadian forces led by [[George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://virtualwalk.ca/index.php/Welland-Ontario/History-Geography.html | title=Virtualwalk.ca }}</ref> met an [[United States|American]] raiding party, numbering approximately nine hundred, near the eastern edge of the present community during the [[Battle of Cook's Mills]]. After an intense skirmish, the Americans retreated to [[Buffalo, New York]]. Cook's Mills was the second to last engagement of the [[War of 1812]] on Canadian soil.<ref>Collins,Gilbert: ''Guidebook to the Historic Sites of the War of 1812'' (Dundern Group, Toronto Ontario,2006, {{ISBN|1-55002-626-7}}), pgs. 158.</ref>

The [[First Welland Canal]] was extended in 1833 to reach [[Lake Erie]] and has influenced development of this city ever since. A wooden [[Navigable aqueduct|aqueduct]] was built to carry the Welland Canal over the Welland River at what is now downtown Welland, and the area became known as simply Aqueduct. A lock to cross from the canal to the river and vice versa was also built. A small shantytown soon developed around the facility, providing essential services in what was a convenient stop-over location for travellers and workers on the canal.

The growing town was later named Merrittsville, after [[William Hamilton Merritt]], the initiator of the Welland Canal project. This name is reflected in the name of the Merrittville Highway (Niagara Road 50), which served as the primary north–south route in central Niagara before the construction of [[Ontario Highway 406|Highway 406]]. Welland gained its present name when it was [[incorporation (municipal government)|incorporated]] on 25 July 1858. It became a city in 1917.

One of the few railway crossings across the canal was near Welland. Together with the canal, these two factors attracted the development of [[heavy industry]] in Welland. In 1906 the [[Plymouth Cordage Company]] was the first major industrial company to open a plant in Welland. By the 1930s, Welland was an important industrial city in the region and was developing rapidly.

In the 1960s, the city was starting to outgrow the canal passing through its core. The [[Welland By-Pass]] project, started in 1967 and finished in 1973, provided a new, shorter alignment for the Welland Canal by moving it from downtown Welland to the city's outskirts. With the completion of the bypass, Welland's east end (and the former town of Crowland) was like an island between the new and old canal channels.

The City of Welland is working to revitalize the downtown core through an ongoing community improvement plan. Integral to the program is the use of incentives to promote revitalization and redevelopment. A report published by the City of Welland in 2013 said, "for over 10 years now, these programs have produced only very moderate uptake and development since being introduced."<ref>{{cite web | title = City of Welland Community Improvement Plan for the Downtown and Health and Wellness Cluster | publisher = City of Welland | date = December 2013 | url = http://www.welland.ca/development/CIPdocs/CIP_INTERIM_REPORT--December2013.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|78}} Other former industrial cities have grappled with similar painful transitions.

==Government==
{{See also|List of mayors of Welland}}
The Welland city council is made up of 12 councillors, each elected in his or her [[Ward (subnational entity)|ward]] (this is known as election by [[single-member district]]s). Each of the six wards in Welland elects two councillors. It is led by the mayor, who is elected [[at-large]], by all the voters in the city. Welland's current mayor is Frank Campion.

In addition, two regional councillors are elected at-large, to participate in the [[Niagara Regional Council]]. These councillors were George Marshall and the late [[Peter Kormos]], who died in March 2013. Another representative of Welland was appointed to fill Kormos's seat since late May 2013, in order to represent the city on the Regional Council.

[[File:MVA Response Welland FD 02.JPG|thumbnail|Welland firefighters responding to a road accident.]]
The city is responsible for fire protection, libraries, parks and recreation and secondary streets, but many municipal services come from the broader level of government, the Niagara Region. Regional responsibilities include social welfare, community health, and policing through the [[Niagara Regional Police]].

The chief local political issue is the redevelopment of the downtown core, which has deteriorated in the years after the Welland By-Pass project. The Civic Square project has been completed after spanning the terms of three city councils and three mayors. The new building, facing both East Main Street and the old canal, houses the city hall and the Welland Public Library. The project is proving to be a catalyst for development, as several new establishments have been opened downtown and some businesses are expanding.

Welland is represented in the [[House of Commons of Canada]] by the Liberal Party Member of Parliament [[Vance Badawey]], and in the [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario]] by the NDP Member of Provincial Parliament [[Jeff Burch]], representing the [[Niagara Centre]] and the [[Niagara Centre (provincial electoral district)|provincial]] ridings of Niagara Centre, respectively.

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|title       = Historical populations
|type        = Canada
|align       = right
|width       = 
|state       = 
|shading     = 
|percentages = 
|footnote    = 
|1871|1110
|1881|1870
|1891|2035
|1901|1863
|1911|5318
|1921|8654
|1931|10709
|1941|12421
|1951|15382
|1961|36079
|1971|44397
|1981|45448
|1991|47914
|[[Canada 2001 Census|2001]]|48402
|[[Canada 2006 Census|2006]]|50331
|[[Canada 2011 Census|2011]]|50631
|[[Canada 2016 Census|2016]]|52293
|[[Canada 2021 Census|2021]]|55750
}}

According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Welland had a population of {{val|55750|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|23656|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|24530|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:55750-52293}}|52293|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|52293|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|81.16|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|55750|81.16|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000235 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=March 27, 2022}}</ref>

In 2021,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-02-09 |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Welland, City (CY) [Census subdivision], Ontario |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> 87.0% of the population was white/European, 8.7% were visible minorities and 4.3% were Indigenous. The largest visible minority groups were [[Black Canadians|Black]] (2.6%), [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]] (1.6%), [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]] (1.3%), [[Filipino Canadians|Filipino]] (0.7%), [[Southeast Asia]]n (0.5%), and [[Chinese Canadians|Chinese]] (0.5%).

80.2% of residents spoke [[English language|English]] as a mother tongue. [[French language|French]] was the first language of 7.2% of the population, compared to 3.3% in all of Ontario.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-02-09 |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Ontario [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> In terms of non-official languages, the most common mother tongues were [[Italian language|Italian]] (2.1%), [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (1.0%), [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] (0.6%), [[Polish language|Polish]] (0.6%), [[Korean language|Korean]] (0.4%), [[German language|German]] (0.4%) and [[Chinese language]]s (0.4%). 1.5% of residents listed both English and French as mother tongues, while 1.2% listed both English and a non-official language.

62.4% of residents were [[Christians|Christian]], down from 77.2% in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2013-05-08 |title=2011 National Household Survey Profile - Census subdivision |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3526032&Data=Count&SearchText=welland&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref> 35.1% were [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], 15.1% were [[Protestantism|Protestant]], 7.7% identified as Christian without specifying and 4.5% belonged to other Christian denominations or Christian-related traditions. 34.9% were non-religious or secular, up from 22.0% in 2011. All other religions accounted for 2.3% of the population, up from 0.8% in 2011. The largest non-Christian religions were [[Islam]] (0.9%), [[Hinduism]] (0.4%) and [[Sikhism]] (0.4%).


'''Industrial Migration of 1885''' 

A significant cultural mix was established with the opening of the Plymouth Cordage plant when many workers relocated to Welland from the company's operations in [[Plymouth, Massachusetts]] were of [[Italian people|Italian]] origin. To minimize the potential effects of cultural and language barriers, Plymouth Cordage sent four foremen to Welland: one was Italian, one French, one German and one English. The neighbourhood that the company built for its employees, now the ''Plymouth Cordage Heritage District'', became the first Italian ethnic neighbourhood in Welland.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reid |first1=Nora A. |title=Plymouth Cordage Heritage District |url=http://www.welland.library.on.ca/digital/LACAC/plymouth.htm |publisher=Welland Digital Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051221100704/http://www.welland.library.on.ca/digital/LACAC/plymouth.htm |archive-date=December 21, 2005}}</ref>

Today Welland's communities reflect francophone, Slavic, First Nations and Métis cultural influences.
{| class="wikitable"
!Ethnic and Cultural origins (2021)<ref name=":0" />
!Population
!Percent
|-
|[[English people|English]]
|13,060
|23.8%
|-
|[[Irish people|Irish]]
|9,100
|16.6%
|-
|[[Scottish people|Scottish]]
|9,000
|16.4%
|-
|[[Canadian ethnicity|Canadian]]
|8,935
|16.3%
|-
|[[French people|French]] n.o.s
|8,240
|15.0%
|-
|[[German Canadians|German]]
|6,885
|12.5%
|-
|[[Italian people|Italian]]
|6,825
|12.4%
|-
|[[Dutch Canadians|Dutch]]
|3,450
|6.3%
|-
|[[Ukrainian Canadians|Ukrainian]]
|2,825
|5.1%
|-
|[[Hungarian Canadians|Hungarian]]
|2,705
|4.9%
|-
|[[Polish Canadians|Polish]]
|2,350
|4.3%
|-
|British Isles n.o.s
|2,035
|3.7%
|-
|[[White people|Caucasian]] (White) n.o.s+
[[European Canadians|European]] n.o.s
|1,875
|3.4%
|-
|[[French Canadians|French Canadian]]
|1,585
|2.9%
|-
|[[Welsh Canadians|Welsh]]
|1,195
|2.2%
|-
|[[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]] (North American Indian) n.o.s.+
[[Indigenous peoples in Canada|North American Indigenous]], n.o.s.
|1,260
|2.3%
|-
|[[Métis]]
|1,045
|1.9%
|-
| colspan="3" |Note: "n.o.s" = not otherwise specified. Respondents could report more than one ethnic origin.
|}

==Education==

Like the rest of Ontario, Welland has access to four public education systems: the regional [[school board]]s are the [[Niagara Catholic District School Board]] and the [[District School Board of Niagara]]. The [[Conseil scolaire Viamonde]] (the French public board) and the [[Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir]] (the French Catholic board) also operate schools in Welland.

The Niagara Catholic District School Board operates six elementary schools within the city. The board also operates one secondary school in the city: [[Notre Dame College School|Notre Dame]], which offers Grade 9 through to Grade 12. Continuing education courses are also offered by the board at its Father Patrick H. Fogarty Learning Centre within the city.

The District School Board of Niagara operates ten elementary schools within the city and two secondary schools: Welland Centennial Secondary School servicing the western side of the city and Eastdale Secondary servicing the eastern side.

A campus of [[Niagara College|Niagara College of Applied Arts and Technology]] is located in Welland.  The college offers post-secondary diplomas, baccalaureate degrees and advanced-level programs. From 1995 to 2001, the city was home to a satellite campus of the defunct francophone [[Collège des Grands-Lacs]].<ref>"French college showing some interest in civic centre location". ''[[Welland Tribune]]'', July 12, 2000.</ref>

==Economy==
Welland, because of its proximity to the [[Sir Adam Beck hydroelectric station]] at [[Niagara Falls]], was historically known for its steel, automotive, and textile industries.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=g8vbLTzxHpkC&dq=welland+ontario&pg=PT473 The Handbook of Language and Globalization], Nikolas Coupland, ed. 2011.</ref> Initially, [[manufacturing]] firms were the biggest employers in Welland. The plants of companies like [[Union Carbide]], [[United Steel]], [[Plymouth Cordage Company]], three drop forges, a cotton mill, and the Atlas Steel Co., as well as general manufacturing plants, had big influence on shaping early Welland. While recent years saw the end of Welland operations for several companies, such as [[Deere & Company|John Deere]] which announced in September 2008 that it would be closing its plant and relocating manufacturing to Wisconsin and Mexico, businesses such as Lakeside Steel (a pipe plant formerly owned by [[Stelco]], since 2012 owned by JMC Steel) continues to employ residents.

The Atlas Steel Co. was founded at some time in the 1920s. [[Roy H. Davis]] and partners bought the Welland plant from its American shareholders in 1928.  Gun barrels were produced here during the second World War.  It was for a time Canada's largest manufacturer of stainless steel.  The plant housed a vacuum smelter line, necessary for the production of [[Titanium]].  The onset of the [[Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement|CanAm FTA]], [[NAFTA]], [[GATT]] and globalization brought decline, and subsequently the ownership changed hands numerous times:  the [[Hyundai Steel|Sammi]] group acquired it in 1989, followed by Slater Steels of [[Mississauga]] in 2000, who went bankrupt in 2003.  The plant was finally torn down in 2007.

The Canadian branch plant of the Plymouth Cordage Company was started in 1904 due to Parliament's initiation of a 25% import duty on rope and related products.  Plymouth, with roots in [[Massachusetts]], moved to secure its business in binding twine, necessary to package farm crops such as grass, wheat or straw.  The city of Welland grew up around the Plymouth plant, which was prior to 1904, farmland.  The cordage industry was a victim of the harvester-thresher, which obviated the need for binding (or baling) twine, as the threshing operation is now performed in a contiguous step immediately when the stalk is cut.

Welland's electricity comes from the [[Adam Beck|Sir Adam Beck]] hydroelectric generation plants at [[Niagara Falls]] via Welland Hydro. Thanks to the presence of the massive plant, power remained on in over half of Welland during the [[2003 North America blackout]] until rolling blackouts began the next day in an effort to provide power to areas that hadn't had it for nearly 24 hours.

==Geography==

Welland is located in the centre of south Niagara. Over the years, urban growth has all but united the northwest part of Welland with the community of [[Fonthill, Ontario|Fonthill]].

Prior to the Welland By-Pass project, the Welland Canal cut through the centre of Welland. As a result, a very prominent split was created between the east side and the west side of the city. The west side grew primarily to the north, while the east side expanded south. The west side also became the more affluent of the two. Today, even though the canal traffic no longer causes regular interruption in the traffic across the city, the channel lives on as Welland Recreational Waterway. The waterway still serves as a very prominent visual feature dividing the city, and it is perhaps for this reason that the east side/west side division is still very much alive in the minds of Wellanders. ''East side'' and ''west side'' are very commonly used as basic directions.

The communities of [[Cooks Mills, Niagara Region, Ontario|Cooks Mills]] and [[Dain City, Ontario|Dain City]] have their own separation stories. Cooks Mills, located on the other side of the By-Pass channel than the rest of Welland, has arguably been protected against the impact of [[urban sprawl]], but the necessity of using one of the two highway tunnels to cross the canal causes some residents to head to nearby [[Niagara Falls, Ontario|Niagara Falls]] instead. Dain City, located in the south of the city where the two channels meet, is separated by the massive approaches to the [[Townline Tunnel]] required to provide the low grade for the rail lines that use the tunnel. Dain City was built for, and by, the Dain Manufacturing Company (Now known as [[John Deere]]), the main employer in the area, as a "[[company town]]". John Deere announced in September 2008 that it would be closing its plant and relocating manufacturing to Wisconsin and Mexico.

There is a slight movement to develop the northern end of the east side, an undeveloped area. A community named [[Hunters Pointe, Ontario|Hunters Pointe]] is being built close to the banks of the By-Pass, and the area received further investment when a new [[Wal-Mart]] store opened on Woodlawn Road close to Highway 406.

Technically, both the east side and Dain City are [[peninsula]]s, surrounded by the waters of the old and new channels of the Welland Canal and connected to "solid" ground only by the relatively small plug in the old canal along the Townline Tunnel approaches.

Crowland is a former township created in 1788<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/niagarasettlers2/crowland-township-abstracts|title = Niagara Settlers Land Records - Crowland Township Abstracts}}</ref> that grew up around Ontario Road and Welland Recreational Canal. 
A man-made geographic feature is the Merritt Island, a strip of land approximately five kilometres long and, in some places, less than 100 metres wide. The island was created when the alignment of the [[First Welland Canal]] was constructed basically parallel to the [[Welland River]] and since the abandonment of the old canal has been established as Merritt Park, featuring a popular four kilometre-long paved trail.

=== Climate ===
Welland experiences a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfa/Dfb'') typical of the [[Great Lakes]] region, with cold, snowy winters, mild, wet [[spring (season)|springs]], warm to hot, humid summers, and cool, wet [[autumn|falls]]. The winter is the driest [[season]], with no more than 77.8 [[millimetre|mm]] (3.06 in.) of [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] in its wettest [[month]]. Though, due to [[lake-effect snow]], the [[city]] receives, on average, 97.8&nbsp;cm (38.5 in.) of [[snow]] every winter. The average [[temperature]] in January, the coldest [[month]], is −4.7 [[Celsius|°C]] (23.5 [[Fahrenheit|°F]]). Spring is mild (13&nbsp;°C (55.4&nbsp;°F) on average) and rainy (240.3&nbsp;mm (9.46 in.) of [[rain]] in April, May and June, also with 5.4&nbsp;cm (2.12 in.) of snow in April and May). Summer is warm, with an average high temperature of 24.5&nbsp;°C (76.2&nbsp;°F) and, humid, with 251&nbsp;mm (9.88in.) of total [[rainfall]]. Autumn is cool (average temperature of 4.3&nbsp;°C (39.7&nbsp;°F)) and wet (actually, the wettest of '''Welland''''s [[season]]s) (273.7&nbsp;mm 10.8 in.) of total [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]. The extreme high and low temperatures are 37.8&nbsp;°C (100&nbsp;°F), recorded on 4 July 1911; 1 July 1931; 26 August 1948, and −32.8&nbsp;°C (-27&nbsp;°F), recorded on 25 January 1884. Daily precipitation extremes include a rainfall of 118.4&nbsp;mm (4.66 in.) on 30 September 1959, and a snowfall of 81.3&nbsp;cm (32.0&nbsp;inches) on 1 March 1900.  One of the worst winter storms to affect the Welland area was in January 1977 when the [[Blizzard of '77]] hit Niagara and Western New York from 28 January to 1 February 1977.

{{Weather box
|location = Welland, ON (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1872–2020)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 20.0
|Feb record high C = 20.5
|Mar record high C = 27.0
|Apr record high C = 32.5
|May record high C = 34.0
|Jun record high C = 36.1
|Jul record high C = 37.8
|Aug record high C = 37.8
|Sep record high C = 35.0
|Oct record high C = 32.2
|Nov record high C = 25.6
|Dec record high C = 20.6
|year record high C = 37.8
|Jan high C = −0.1
|Feb high C = 0.6
|Mar high C = 5.4
|Apr high C = 12.5
|May high C = 19.7
|Jun high C = 24.5
|Jul high C = 26.8
|Aug high C = 26.1
|Sep high C = 22.4
|Oct high C = 15.4
|Nov high C = 8.6
|Dec high C = 3.0
|year high C = 13.7
|Jan mean C = −4.1
|Feb mean C = −3.8
|Mar mean C = 0.7
|Apr mean C = 7.1
|May mean C = 13.7
|Jun mean C = 19.0
|Jul mean C = 21.5
|Aug mean C = 20.7
|Sep mean C = 17.0
|Oct mean C = 10.6
|Nov mean C = 4.5
|Dec mean C = −0.7
|year mean C = 8.9
|Jan low C = −8.0
|Feb low C = −8.2
|Mar low C = −4.0
|Apr low C = 1.6
|May low C = 7.8
|Jun low C = 13.5
|Jul low C = 16.2
|Aug low C = 15.4
|Sep low C = 11.5
|Oct low C = 5.7
|Nov low C = 0.4
|Dec low C = −4.2
|year low C = 4.0
|Jan record low C = −32.8
|Feb record low C = −31.1
|Mar record low C = −27.8
|Apr record low C = −18.3
|May record low C = −6.1
|Jun record low C = 1.1
|Jul record low C = 3.9
|Aug record low C = 0.5
|Sep record low C = −2.2
|Oct record low C = −8.9
|Nov record low C = −20.0
|Dec record low C = −27.8
|year record low C = −32.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 81.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 52.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 70.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 83.1
|May precipitation mm = 81.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 85.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 84.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 78.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 96.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 88.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 83.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 81.6
|year precipitation mm = 967.0
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 49.6
|Feb rain mm = 25.8
|Mar rain mm = 41.2
|Apr rain mm = 72.8
|May rain mm = 84.2
|Jun rain mm = 78.8
|Jul rain mm = 88.3
|Aug rain mm = 82.6
|Sep rain mm = 101.5
|Oct rain mm = 88.8
|Nov rain mm = 85.3
|Dec rain mm = 45.3
|year rain mm = 844.2
|snow colour = green
|Jan snow cm = 43.9
|Feb snow cm = 23.7
|Mar snow cm = 28.0
|Apr snow cm = 4.7
|May snow cm = 0.0
|Jun snow cm = 0.0
|Jul snow cm = 0.0
|Aug snow cm = 0.0
|Sep snow cm = 0.0
|Oct snow cm = 0.4
|Nov snow cm = 8.7
|Dec snow cm = 31.7
|year snow cm = 141.0
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 17.9
|Feb precipitation days = 13.8
|Mar precipitation days = 14.7
|Apr precipitation days = 14.8
|May precipitation days = 14.5
|Jun precipitation days = 14.2
|Jul precipitation days = 13.6
|Aug precipitation days = 12.8
|Sep precipitation days = 12.6
|Oct precipitation days = 14.3
|Nov precipitation days = 14.1
|Dec precipitation days = 15.6
|year precipitation days = 172.8
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|Jan rain days = 6.8
|Feb rain days = 4.7
|Mar rain days = 8.2
|Apr rain days = 12.8
|May rain days = 14.0
|Jun rain days = 11.6
|Jul rain days = 11.4
|Aug rain days = 11.6
|Sep rain days = 11.5
|Oct rain days = 12.6
|Nov rain days = 11.8
|Dec rain days = 8.7
|year rain days = 125.4
|unit snow days = 0.2 cm
|Jan snow days = 9.4
|Feb snow days = 5.7
|Mar snow days = 5.2
|Apr snow days = 1.3
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.13
|Nov snow days = 2.4
|Dec snow days = 5.8
|year snow days = 29.9
|source 1 = [[Environment Canada]]<ref name=envcan>{{cite web
| publisher = [[Environment Canada]]
| url = https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=ON&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=215000000&dispBack=0
| title = Welland
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020
| access-date = Jun 11, 2024}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}

===Parks===
Notable parks are Chippawa Park, an older, well-developed park in the northwest; Memorial Park, a newer park in the southeast which has been shrunk for suburban development; and Merritt Island Park along the canal with an upper level paved trail and lower level gravel trail.

Chippawa Park has rolling hills, mature specimen trees (predominantly Carolinian, including several species of Hickory and Maple), playgrounds, a large pond, and small ornamental fish pond in a formal rose garden. It features a large war memorial carved from Lacasse granite and designed by a famous Canadian sculptor, [[Elizabeth Wyn Wood]].

Memorial Park was a project of the 1967 Centennial. It is very flat with younger trees. It has an outdoor pool shaped like a figure 8. There is also a cenotaph at this park. In the late 1960s, the eastern part of the park was used for the Welland Canal bypass. Patrons of the park can often see ships passing through the bypass.

At the heart of the old city of Welland, near the Main Street Bridge, the Welland River passes under the old Welland Canal, then runs parallel to it for a few miles. Between the old canal and the river lies a long narrow strip of land referred to as Merritt Island that is now a park. The end of the park closest to the centre of the city has picnic tables and playground equipment. The island also includes a main trail that follows the bank of the old canal for the entire length of the park, with a variety of intermittent side paths and trails.

Also located in the heart of downtown, between Main Street and Division Street bridges along the west side of the Welland Recreational Waterway, is a small parkette dubbed "Guerrilla Park"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.niagarathisweek.com/community-story/4575625-guerilla-gardeners-transform-park/|title=Guerrilla Gardeners Transform Park|last=Henschel|first=Steve|date=2 June 2014|work=Niagara This Week}}</ref> by locals. It was originally park space that had become neglected over years and was reclaimed as public space by volunteers. Through efforts of local artists and [[guerrilla gardening]], the formerly neglected space is now tended by various unorganized volunteers, and features revitalized garden beds and flowers, outdoor paintings, and occasional impromptu events.

===Welland Canal trails===
The [[Welland Canal Parkway Trail]] is a paved recreational path beginning in the [[St. Catharines, Ontario|City of St. Catharines]]  at [[Lake Ontario]] and ending at Lake Erie in [[Port Colborne, Ontario|Port Colborne]]. The sections of the trail located within Welland are paved. The trail follows alongside the Welland ship and Recreational Canals, and passes through downtown Welland.

==Transport==

=== Welland Canal ===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Main Street bridge, Welland.jpg|thumb|right|The Main Street Bridge (official name: Bridge 13), a Welland landmark]] -->
{{Main|Welland Canal}}

The Welland Canal, linking [[Lake Ontario]] with Lake Erie, is the transportation mode that Welland is best known for.  Until 1972, the canal passed through downtown Welland.  As of the end of the 1972 shipping season, the canal was re-routed via the Welland Canal Bypass east of the city.  Welland clings to its canal heritage, as evidenced by the steadfast preservation of the Main Street [[Vertical-lift bridge|Lift Bridge]] ([[Welland Canal, bridge 13]]) shown in the photograph above.

===Roads===

Highway 406 is the main route in and out of Welland, leading north to [[Thorold, Ontario|Thorold]], [[St. Catharines]] and onwards via [[Queen Elizabeth Way]].

Port Colborne is linked to Welland by Highways [[Highway 140 (Ontario)|140]] and [[Highway 58 (Ontario)|58]]. Port Colborne residents then can take the 406 further north.

The [[Mid-Peninsula Highway]], once constructed, can play an important role in the transportation patterns of Welland, as it might cross the Welland Canal along the [[Ontario provincial highway 58A|Highway 58A]] corridor in the south of the city. Should that occur, Highway 406 will likely be extended to reach the new thoroughfare.

Two of the three tunnels under the canal, [[Main Street Tunnel]] and Townline Tunnel, are located in Welland, just east of the main urbanised area.

===Railways===

Welland boasts a rich railway history.  The city motto is "Where Rails and Water Meet", referring to the two prevalent means of transportation. The [[Canada Southern Railway]] (CASO) passed through the south end of Welland, with a passenger station on King Street. The CASO operated very few trains of its own – the majority of traffic on the line consisted of [[New York Central]] Railway trains transiting between [[Windsor, Ontario]] (and the tunnel to [[Detroit]]), and one of two bridges over the [[Niagara River]] located at [[Niagara Falls]] and [[Fort Erie]].

Welland was also the terminus of the [[Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Railway]]'s track (the link to Buffalo, New York being via the CASO line). The T, H & B ran joint passenger trains with the New York Central to provide through service between [[Toronto]] and Buffalo (via [[Hamilton, Ontario]] and Welland).

There was also a [[Canadian National Railways]] (earlier, [[Grand Trunk Railway]]) line running in a north–south direction and crossing the CASO line at Welland Diamond. An interlocking tower (WX) stood here. Another line ran through the Dain City area of south Welland. This was the [[Canada Air Line Railway]], and was also used by the [[Wabash Railway]]. Later, it became the Cayuga Subdivision of the Canadian National Railway.

Lastly, the [[Niagara, St. Catharines and Toronto Railway]] provided electric [[interurban|radial]] service from Port Colborne, Ontario to [[Thorold, Ontario]] via Welland. Passenger service ended in November 1959, but the tracks remained in freight use until 1981 when a trestle over the Welland River became unsafe and the line was removed from service.

The relocation of the Welland Canal in the early 1970s caused massive changes in the local railway network. The new route of the canal was previously crossed by five separate railway lines. The new segment of canal would have no bridges, and just one railway tunnel, so all of these routes required redesign. The two branches of the CASO line, plus the Cayuga Subdivision were re-routed through the Townline Tunnel, while the North/South Canadian National line was split and discontinued as a through route. The station at King Street was abandoned and demolished. It was replaced by a new station outside of town, but passenger service ended soon after.

Today, Welland is the location of one of only two remaining railway crossings that span the Welland Canal. The Townline Tunnel is built for three railway tracks, but the center track was removed in the early 1990s. Now, only two tracks run through the tunnel. The north track is the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] Hamilton subdivision. The south track was formerly the [[Canadian National Railway]] Cayuga subdivision. Since the abandonment of the majority of that subdivision, operations on this track were limited to occasional trains interchanging with Trillium Rail's Port Colborne Harbour Railway. Today, Canadian Pacific also uses this track as their "Brookfield Siding".

There is also a [[Trillium Railway]] (Port Colborne Harbour Railway) north–south line running through the east side of Welland on the former Welland Canal railway/Canadian National tracks beside the former site of the Atlas Specialty Steels plant (torn down in 2007). A daily as requested (Monday to Friday) train operates along this route to Merritton. Trillium Railway has a handful of industries throughout Thorold and St. Catharines, on the former Niagara, St. Catharines and Toronto trackage. No passenger trains stop in Welland – the closest [[Via Rail]] stations are in [[St. Catharines, Ontario railway station|St. Catharines]] and [[Niagara Falls, Ontario railway station|Niagara Falls]]. [[Via Rail]] ceased operations of their own trains to these stations on 25 October 2012.  [[Amtrak]] does operate 2 trains to these stations, under [[Via Rail]] control.

Prior to the Welland Canal relocation in the early 1970s, there were two bridges crossing the old canal. The busiest was a swing bridge located between the Lincoln and Broadway bridges (the CASO line). This bridge was a relic of an earlier canal, and although it does not swing any longer, it remains in railway use. Once or twice per week, a local Trillium Rwy way freight crosses this bridge to access Vesuvius Industries on the west side of the old canal located on Trillium Rwy's West Welland Spur. The second crossing was as vertical-lift bridge at [[Dain City, Ontario]] which also remains in use as the Trillium Rail Canal line.  Prior to 1967, this section of The Canal line was referred to as CN's Cayuga Subdivision.  The Cayuga Subdivision was then re-routed through the Townline Tunnel, which is to the north of [[Dain City]]. This section through [[Dain City]] was renamed the Canal Subdivision from this location at CN Welland Diamond, where it connects to the north–south trackage (former CN Welland Subdivision). This east-west trackage head continues to this day westward to a rail junction the by-pass of what is now operated as Trillium's Cayuga Spur, (Former location 3 miles away, west of Phillip's Road where the original ground of the CN Cayuga Subdivision continued onto [[St. Thomas, ON]]. Do note that CP Brookfield Siding becomes Trillium's Cayuga Spur where the Feeder Canal once cross through, prior to the building of this Townline Tunnel infrastructure, in the 1800s.  This Cayuga Subdivision by-pass runs from between Wilhelm Road and Troup Road, east of Welland and to the west between Phillip's Road (mentioned above) Green Road S,(Formerly Farr Road S.). In total, the Cayuga Subdivision by-pass was a total length of 8.9 miles.

A recent initiative proposed by local businessmen and politicians, in particular [[Trillium Railway]] owner Wayne Ettinger and former mayor Damian Goulbourne calls for the planned [[GO Transit|GO Train]] extension into the Niagara Region to include a station &mdash; and cross the Welland Canal &mdash; in Welland rather than St. Catharines. The proponents argue that an adequate rail line is already in place and using the Trillium's track through the Townline Tunnel would allow for uninterrupted train traffic to Niagara Falls. They also point out that a station in Welland would fit in the Niagara Region's "Grow South" policy of expanding the infrastructure south of the [[Niagara Escarpment]].<ref name="goTrain">{{
cite news
  | last = Furminger
  | first = Greg
  | title = Fantastic idea; Railway owner makes pitch for Go Transit service
  | publisher = Welland Tribune
  | date = 20 July 2006
  | url = http://www.wellandtribune.ca/webapp/sitepages/content.asp?contentid=115122&catname=Local%20News
  | access-date = 2006-08-09
}}</ref>

===Air===

The closest airport to Welland is the [[Welland/Niagara Central Airport]] on the western edge of the city. It is a small field airport and is not served by any regular links, but it is an international point of entry. However, the airport is under a number of developments in hopes to expand its services. For now, most air travellers use either Toronto's [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Pearson Airport]], [[Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport|Bishop Airport]] or Hamilton's [[Hamilton/John C. Munro International Airport|Munro Airport]]. The [[Buffalo Niagara International Airport|Buffalo Niagara Airport]] is the closest, although it requires that travellers cross the American border. Another option for Wellanders is [[St. Catharines/Niagara District Airport]] with flights to Toronto's Bishop Airport, on [[FlyGTA Airways]] as well as various charter flights to/from Niagara.

===Public transit===

Between 1912 and 1930, local [[streetcar]] service was provided in Welland by the [[Niagara, Welland and Lake Erie railway]] which operated on East Main Street and King Street (then known as South Main Street).  This company also provided a short-lived service on West Main Street and Niagara Street (then known as North Main) for about 6 months in 1922.<ref name = NST>{{cite book | last = Mills | first = John | title = Niagara, St. Catharines and Toronto Railway | publisher = Railfare DC Books | year = 2007 | location = Canada | pages = 198–199 | isbn = 978-1-897190-27-2}}</ref>

From 1973 to 2022, [[Welland Transit]] operated the public transport service of scheduled bus services and paratransit covering the city. Also provided was ''Welland-St. Catharines Connection'', a link to the St. Catharines public transit system from [[Niagara College]] to [[Brock University]] terminal in [[St. Catharines]], with the first and last run of the day interconnecting to the downtown core.  Service was also provided to [[Port Colborne]] and [[Pelham, Ontario|Pelham]].<ref name = WT>
{{Cite web  | title = Routes and Schedules  | url = http://welland.ca/Transit/Route_schedules.pdf  | access-date = 2009-01-15  }}</ref>

In 2023, [[Niagara Region Transit]] acquired Welland Transit, along with [[St. Catharines Transit]] and [[Niagara Falls Transit]]. Services remain largely unchanged with the exception of extended service hours and changes to the fare structure.

==Events==

The Concerts on the Canal series provides a line-up of free Friday night summer concerts on the floating stage at Merritt Park.<ref>{{cite web |title=Concerts on the Canal |url=https://www.welland.ca/Leisure/eventsinfo/ConcertsOnTheCanal.asp |publisher=The Corporation of The City of Welland |access-date=28 October 2018}}</ref>

Niagara Regional Exhibition, running since 1853, is held at the Fairgrounds in the north end of the city every fall. Tradition stands that on at least one of the operational days it will rain.

Canada Day Celebrations has become a local favourite event. The free family fun event is hosted in downtown Welland at Merritt Park.

The Farmers' Market, held downtown in the Market Square, features 80+ vendors offering food, Niagara wines, produce and homemade items every Saturday morning, year-round.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welland Farmers' Market |url=https://www.welland.ca/market/ |publisher=The Corporation of The City of Welland |access-date=28 October 2018}}</ref>

Welland's Eastdale High School held its 50th Anniversary Reunion on 20, 21 and 22 May 2011. The Welland High and Vocational School Reunion was held 15/16 May 2009 in Welland.

The Welland [[Dragon Boat]] Festival, takes place in June.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20020802214450/http://www.wellanddragonboatfestival.com/ Welland Dragon Boat Festival]}}</ref>

The Welland Rose Festival is one of Niagara's longest running festivals. The Rose Festival promotes and encourages community participation through many events such as the Rose Parade, Baby Show, Rose Show, Days in the Park, and more. Celebrating 50 years in 2011, the Rose Festival continues to offer a host of spectacular events and entertainers in the month of June.

The city will host the 2018 [[Canoe Polo World Championships]] at the [[Welland International Flatwater Centre]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://canoekayak.ca/event/icf-canoe-polo-world-championships/|title = EventsCanoe Kayak Canada}}</ref>

Welland FloatFest began in 2016 and usually occurs for one day in July. The aim of the event is to encourage participants to enjoy the [[Welland Recreational Waterway]] by use of an inflatable. The event is complemented with vendors and a concert. In 2017, FloatFest gained a Guinness World Record for a line of touching inflatables that extended 165 metres in the canal to make it into the record book.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wellandtribune.ca/2017/07/30/welland-floatfest-sets-world-record|title=Welland Floatfest sets world record|last=Johnson|first=Dave|date=30 July 2017|work=The Welland Tribune}}</ref>

The Welland [[Zombie walk|Zombie Walk]] is a community-based event held in October for the past several years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wellandtribune.ca/2013/10/21/record-number-for-welland-zombie-walk|title=Record Number for Wellamd Zombie-Walk|last=Johnson|first=Dave|date=21 October 2013|work=The Welland Tribune}}</ref>

==Notable people==

*[[Stacey Allaster]] – former Chair, [[Women's Tennis Association]]
*[[Attack in Black]] – Alternative Band
*[[Paul Beeston]] – former president of Major League Baseball and former president of the [[Toronto Blue Jays]].
*[[Paul Bissonnette]] – colour commentator and former NHL hockey player
*[[Ken Breitenbach]] – former Buffalo Sabres Hockey Player (NHL)
*[[Nina Bunjevac]] – cartoonist
*[[Cal Clutterbuck]] – [[New York Islanders]] player
*[[Yvon Corriveau]] – retired NHL hockey player (Washington, Hartford)
*[[Brian Daboll]] – Head Coach, [[New York Giants]]
*[[Sabrina D'Angelo]] - Goalkeeper for Canadian Women's National Soccer Team and [[Arsenal W.F.C.|Arsenal]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Women {{!}} Arsenal.com |url=https://www.arsenal.com/women/players |website=www.arsenal.com}}</ref>
*[[Andre Deveaux]] – professional hockey player, [[Florida Panthers]]
*[[Matt Ellis (ice hockey)|Matt Ellis]] – [[Buffalo Sabres]] hockey player.
*[[Robert Hilborn Falls]] – [[Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada)|Chief of the Defence Staff]]
*[[Simon Gatti]] – soccer player
*[[Daniel Girardi]] – Retired [[New York Rangers]] and [[Tampa Bay Lightning]] hockey player.
*[[Wayne Groulx]] – former NHL/Austrian league Hockey player
*[[Chris Haney (Trivial Pursuit)|Chris Haney]] – Co-inventor of "[[Trivial Pursuit]]" board game
*[[Curtis Harrison]] – actor, writer
*[[Mike Hominuck]] – player for the [[Toronto Rock]] of the [[National Lacrosse League|NLL]].
*[[Nathan Horton]] – [[Columbus Blue Jackets]] player
*[[Bill Huard]] – former NHL Hockey Player
*[[Matt Johnson (ice hockey)]] – former NHL Hockey Player
*[[Peter Kormos]] – long-serving NDP Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario]]
*[[Anthony Lacavera]] - founder of [[Globalive]] and [[Wind Mobile]]
*[[Amy Ciupak Lalonde]] – actress
*[[Wesley Rose]] - music industry executive
*[[Anna Olson]] – host of ''[[Sugar (Canadian TV series)|Sugar]]'', ''[[Fresh with Anna Olson]]'', and ''[[Bake with Anna Olson]]'' on [[Flavour Network|Food Network Canada]] (Born in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia, United States]], now resides in Welland)
*[[Daniel Paille]] – [[Boston Bruins]] hockey player.
*[[Gilbert Parent]] – former [[Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada]]
*[[Mike Pelino]] – professional hockey coach
*[[Daniel Romano]] – [[Country music|Country]] and [[Rock music|Rock]] musician, visual artist and leather craftsman
*[[Matthew Santoro]] – [[YouTube]] comedian and video blogger
*[[Mike Smrek]] – former [[NBA]] player (Chicago, Los Angeles, San Antonio & Golden State)
*[[Steve Terreberry]] - Guitarist and YouTuber

==In popular culture==

Welland's [[Seaway Mall]] gained national attention when a [[flash mob]] was filmed singing the [[Hallelujah Chorus]] in the [[food court]] in November 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Food court Hallelujah Chorus goes viral |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/canada/Food+court+Hallelujah+Chorus+goes+viral/3918451/story.html |publisher=[[The Vancouver Sun]] |access-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205145501/http://www.vancouversun.com/news/canada/Food+court+Hallelujah+Chorus+goes+viral/3918451/story.html |archive-date=5 February 2011 |date=2 December 2010}}</ref>  A video of the event went viral on [[YouTube]],<ref>{{cite web
| url         = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXh7JR9oKVE
| title       = Christmas Food Court Flash Mob, Hallelujah Chorus – Must See!
| author      = AlphabetPhotography
|date= November 2010
| publisher   = [[YouTube]]
| access-date  = 2011-01-09
}}</ref> gaining 14.4 million views in less than a month.  On 8 December, [[Canada AM]] broadcast a live performance from the same food court, drawing a crowd of about 500 people.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.wellandtribune.ca/2010/12/09/live-from-the-food-court-2 | title=Live from the food court | first=John | last=Vessoyan | date=9 December 2010 | newspaper=Welland Tribune | access-date=9 December 2017 }}</ref>

Welland was the site of the first scene filmed for the movie [[Meatballs (film)|Meatballs]]. Actor [[Bill Murray]] appears in front of the Kmart at Seaway Mall.
{{Further|topic=the Canadian alternative pop music group|Sleep the Season}}

The [[Welland International Flatwater Centre|Welland International Flatwater]] Centre was featured on [[The Amazing Race Canada 9|Season 9, Episode 6]] of [[The Amazing Race Canada]]. Teams had to row a double scull along a 200-metre (660&nbsp;ft) course on the Welland Canal within two minutes in order to receive their next clue from local rower, Rhonda Chopin. The episode aired August 15, 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Dave |title=Welland, Niagara-on-the-Lake, St. Catharines showcased in upcoming 'The Amazing Race Canada' episode |url=https://www.wellandtribune.ca/entertainment/television/welland-niagara-on-the-lake-st-catharines-showcased-in-upcoming-the-amazing-race-canada-episode/article_d7a852f5-2d44-5c88-a730-e478e236386f.html |publisher=The Welland Tribune |date=Aug 11, 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Ontario}}
* [[Welland Canal]], [[Welland By-Pass]], [[Welland Recreational Waterway]]
* [[Battle of Cook's Mills]]
* [[Niagara College]]
*[[List of francophone communities in ontario|List of francophone communities in Ontario]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Citations===
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ7-JAAACAAJ|last=Lewis|first=William H.|title=Aqueduct Merrittsville and Welland : a history of the city of Welland : the beginning years|publisher=A.M.W. Publications|year=1997|isbn=0-9682743-0-7}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_80AAAACAAJ|last=Lewis|first=William H.|title=Aqueduct Merrittsville and Welland : a history of the city of Welland, volume 2 : the continuing years|publisher=A.M.W. Publications|year=2000|isbn=0-9682743-1-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Lewis|first=William H.|title=Aqueduct Merrittsville and Welland : a history of the city of Welland, volume 3 : the 20th century|publisher=A.M.W. Publications|year=2003|isbn=0-9682743-2-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Balenovich|first=Walt|title=Travels in a Blue Chair Alaska to Zambia Ushuaia to Uluru|publisher=iUniverse|year=2007|isbn=978-0-59-546149-3}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Welland, Ontario}}
{{wikivoyage|Welland}}
*{{official website|http://www.welland.ca}}
*[[iarchive:welland-centennial-souvenir-booklet-1958/mode/2up|Welland Centennial (1858-1958) Souvenir Booklet]]

{{Geographic location
 | Centre    = Welland
 | North     = [[Thorold]]
 | East      = [[Niagara Falls, Ontario|Niagara Falls]]
 | South     = [[Port Colborne]]
 | Southwest = [[Wainfleet, Ontario|Wainfleet]]
 | West      = [[Pelham, Ontario|Pelham]]
}}
{{RegionalNiagara}}
{{Welland Canal}}
{{Great Lakes Megalopolis}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Welland| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Ontario]]
[[Category:Lower-tier municipalities in Ontario]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1788]]
[[Category:1788 establishments in the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)]]