Editing Willys Hurricane engine

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox automobile engine
| name          = Willys Hurricane
| image         = Jeep M170 Ambulance el.jpg
| manufacturer  = {{Unbulleted list | [[Willys]] | [[Kaiser-Jeep]] | [[American Motors]] (AMC) }}
| aka           = {{Unbulleted list | F-134 | F-161 | Mitsubishi JH4, [[List of Mitsubishi Fuso engines#KE series|KE31]], [[List of Mitsubishi Fuso engines#KE36|KE36]] }}
| production    = 1950&ndash;1971
| predecessor   = {{Unbulleted list | [[Willys Go Devil engine|Willys Go-Devil]] | [[Willys Lightning engine|Willys Lightning]] }}
| successor     = [[Jeep Tornado engine]]
| configuration = [[F-Head Engine|F-head]] [[Straight-4]] and [[Straight-6]]
| displacement  =
| bore          =
| stroke        =
| block         = Cast Iron<ref name=baeta>{{cite web |url= http://www.baeta.org/opie/engine.htm#R |title=Engine Specs - Jeep Engines - Hurricane F-Head 134 I4 |website=baeta.org |accessdate=21 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20111116163924/http://www.baeta.org/opie/engine.htm#R |archivedate=16 November 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| head          = Cast Iron<ref name=baeta />
| valvetrain    = IOE
| compression   = 
| supercharger  =
| turbocharger  =
| management    =
| oilsystem     =
| coolingsystem =
| power         =
| specpower     =
| torque        =
| length        =
| width         =
| height        =
| diameter      =
| weight        = {{convert|470|lbs|kg|0|abbr=on}}
}}

The [[Willys]] '''F4-134 Hurricane''' was an [[inline-4]] [[F-Head Engine|F-head]] [[piston engine]] that powered the [[Willys M38A1|M38A1]] military Jeep in 1952, followed by the famous [[Jeep CJ]] in the [[Jeep CJ|CJ-3B]], CJ-5, and CJ-6 models. It was also used in the Willys 473 and 475 pickups, wagons, and sedan deliveries. It replaced the [[Willys Go Devil engine]] that was used in the [[Willys MB|MB Jeep]] and other early Jeep-based models like the [[Jeep Jeepster|Jeepster]]. This engine was also built by [[Mitsubishi]] for their license-built Jeep, for other applications.

== Design ==
The Hurricane was based on the earlier Go-Devil [[flathead engine]]. To enhance power from the engine, the induction system was changed from the Go-Devil's side-valve configuration to an [[IOE engine|inlet-over-exhaust configuration, or "F-head"]]. This allowed the valves to be larger and the combustion chamber to be smaller, improving flow and increasing the [[compression ratio]].<ref name=Brown80 /> The compression ratio rose from 6.5:1 in the Go-Devil engine to 7.5:1 in the Hurricane engine, although a version of the Hurricane engine was made with a 6.9:1 compression ratio.<ref name=Brown236 />

==F134==
The [[Willys Go Devil engine|L134 Go Devil]] was updated with the F-head to become the '''F134''' in 1950.<ref name="Brown74">[[#Brown|Brown]], p. 74.</ref><ref name=Jeep4x4PerformanceP193>{{cite book |last=Allen |first=Jim |title=Jeep 4x4 Performance Handbook |edition=Second |series=Motorbooks Workshop Series |volume=242 |year=2007 |publisher=MBI Publishing |isbn=978-0-7603-2687-9 |page=193 |chapter=Chapter 10 GO POWER Engine Performance |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=X95PU39mzSMC&q=willys+hurricane+F-head+engine+1950+1971+-Hawker&pg=PA169 |quote=1950&ndash;1971 F134 "Hurricane" Four-Cylinder F-head |accessdate=21 August 2014}}</ref> This engine produced a gross output of {{convert|75|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4000&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|114|lb.ft|N·m|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 2000&nbsp;rpm with a 7.5:1 compression ratio. The gross power and torque outputs decreased to {{convert|72|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|112|lb.ft|N·m|0|abbr=on}}, respectively, when the engine had a 6.9:1 compression ratio. Bore and stroke dimensions were the same as the L-head engine at {{fraction|3|1|8}} x {{fraction|4|3|8}} inches, giving {{convert|134.2|cuin|cc|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Brown236>[[#Brown|Brown]], p. 236</ref>

The F4-134 was introduced in 1950 in the [[Willys Jeep Truck|Jeep Truck]].<ref name="Brown74"/> Willys vehicles with this engine were designated 4-73 model.<ref name=Allen215>{{cite book |last=Allen |first=Jim |title=Jeep Collector's Library |edition=Third |year=1999 |publisher=MBI Publishing |isbn=0-7603-1979-0 |page=215 |chapter=Chapter 13: Two-Wheel Drive Jeeps |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zTsAbTJB5RIC&q=willys+f+134+hurricane+-willy-willy+-outboard&pg=PA214 |quote=The F-head&ndash;powered Station Wagon became Model 4-73.|ref=AllenJeep |accessdate=21 August 2014}}</ref> This engine was unavailable in the CJ series until the introduction of the CJ-3B version in 1953, which had a distinctive high hood to accommodate the much taller engine.<ref name=Brown80>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Arch |title=Jeep: The Unstoppable Legend |year=1994 |publisher=Publications International |isbn= 0-7853-0870-9 |pages=80, 82 |chapter=Chapter Five &ndash; Kaiser and the Jeep: 1953-55 |ref=Brown}}</ref> Production of this engine continued through 1971, which was after [[American Motors Corporation]] (AMC) purchased Kaiser Jeep in 1970.

Applications:
* 1950–1961 [[Willys Jeep Truck]]
* 1950–1961 [[Willys Jeep Wagon]]
* 1950 [[Willys-Overland Jeepster]]
* 1952–1971 [[Willys M38A1]]
* 1953 Willys 475A Lark
* 1953–1968 [[Jeep CJ#CJ-3B|Willys CJ-3B]]
* 1955–1971 [[Jeep CJ#CJ-5|CJ-5]]
* 1956–1971 [[Jeep CJ#CJ-6|CJ-6]]
* 1965-1967 [[Jeep DJ|DJ-5]]
* 1966–1971 [[Jeepster Commando]]

==F161==
The F6-161 Hurricane is an F-head version of the L6-161 Lightning flathead straight six. It was available in the Model 685 Station Wagon.<ref>[[#AllenJeep|Allen]], p. 228.</ref><!--The citation given here does not mention the designation F6-161-->

'''BF-161'''
The BF-161 has a {{fraction|3|1|8}} inch bore and a {{fraction|3|1|2}} inch stroke, a one-barrel [[carburetor]], and an output of {{convert|90|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4400&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|135|lb.ft|N·m|0|abbr=on}} of torque<!--source used 18.67 kgm a 2000 rpm--> at 2000&nbsp;rpm. Its {{convert|161.1|cuin|cc|0|abbr=on}} displacement features a compression ratio of 7.6:1.<ref name="ruralwillys">{{cite web |url= http://ruralwillys.tripod.com/diversos/motoreswillys.htm |title=Motores Willys 6 cilindros: BF-161, 2600, 3000 + Ford 4 cil. OHC 2300 |date=27 July 2002 |publisher=ruralwillys |language=Portuguese |accessdate=21 August 2014}}</ref>

'''2600'''
The 2600 was the same BF-161 engine made in Brazil by Willys-Overland's subsidiary, but it had two one-barrel carburetors (simultaneously opened) and had an output of {{convert|130|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4400&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|140|lb.ft|N·m|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 2000&nbsp;rpm. The compression ratio remained 7.6:1.<ref name="ruralwillys"/>

'''3000'''
The 3&nbsp;L version is almost identical to the BF-161 engine, with the stroke increased to {{convert|4|in|mm|1}}, giving it a displacement of {{convert|3016.5|cc|cuin|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="ruralwillys"/> With a two-barrel carburetor, it produced {{convert|140|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4400&nbsp;rpm and {{convert|161|lb.ft|N·m|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 2000&nbsp;rpm. It also had a slightly higher compression ratio of 8:1.<ref name="ruralwillys"/> It initially used a different head with a removable intake manifold. 

After Ford acquired Willys-Overland do Brasil, they reverted the engine to its former head design with an integral intake manifold. Ford also improved the cooling between cylinders 5 and 6 as well as incorporating a side-mounted oil filter instead of the front-mounted, hose-connected system designed by Willys.

Applications:
* 1951–1952 [[Willys Aero]]
* 1960–1971 [[Willys Aero]] 2600
* 1960-1974 Willys-Overland [[Jeep]] and [[Rural Willys]]
* 1968–1971 [[Willys Itamaraty]] 3000
* 1972-1974 [[Ford Maverick]] six-cylinder version in Brazil

==Super Hurricane==
{{expand section |applications, which are lacking|date=November 2023}}
[[File:1955 Jeep Willys Utility Wagon 2013 FL AACA-h.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Super Hurricane engine in 1955 Jeep Willys Utility Wagon]]

The 6-226 "Super Hurricane"<ref>{{cite book |last=Morr |first=Tom |title=The Joy of Jeep |year= 2007|publisher=MBI Publishing |isbn=978-0-7603-3061-6 |page=41 |ref= Joy}}</ref> was an L-head 6-cylinder<ref>[[#Joy|Morr]], p. 52.</ref><ref name="Jeep101">[[#AllenJeep|Allen]], p. 101.</ref> from [[Continental straight six engine|Continental]]<ref name="Jeep101" /> with a bore of {{fraction|3|5|16}}&nbsp;inches and stroke of {{fraction|4|3|8}}&nbsp;inches, giving a displacement of {{convert|226.2|cuin|cc|abbr=on}}.<ref name="PSMar1954">{{cite magazine |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCEDAAAAMBAJ&q=New+Engine+Zips+Up+Little+Willys&pg=PA173 |last=Shaw |first=Wilbur |authorlink=Wilbur Shaw |date=March 1954 |title= New Engine Zips Up Little Willys |magazine=Popular Science |volume=164 |issue=3 |pages=173&ndash;175 |issn=0161-7370 |accessdate=21 August 2014}}</ref> Horsepower rating is {{convert|105|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 3600&nbsp;rpm or {{convert|115|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 3650&nbsp;rpm,<ref name="PSMar1954" /> as well as a torque rating of {{convert|190|lb.ft|N·m|0|abbr=on}} at 1400&nbsp;rpm or at 1800&nbsp;rpm,<ref name="PSMar1954" /> depending on the year of production.

==Mitsubishi versions==
Mitsubishi built a version of the Hurricane from 1954 as the JH4 (69 hp), primarily for use in their license-built version of the [[Mitsubishi Jeep|Jeep]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~si8t-osgs/mje.htm#4JJH4 |script-title=ja:三菱ジープのエンジン |trans-title=Mitsubishi Jeep engines |work= じいぷファン倶楽部 [Jeep Fan Club] |language=Japanese |accessdate=21 August 2014}}</ref> They later developed a {{convert|61|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} [[Overhead-valve engine|overhead-valve]] diesel version of the same, called [[List of Mitsubishi Fuso engines#KE series|KE31]]. This was also turned into a 3.3&nbsp;L six-cylinder version with the same internal dimensions, producing {{convert|85|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}, which was named KE36. These diesel engines were used in the Jeep, but also in many light to medium-weight trucks and buses.<ref name="CamionFuso">{{cite book|title= トラックメーカーアーカイブ vol.2: 三菱ふそうのすべて |trans-title=Truck Manufacturer Archive Volume 2: Everything Mitsubishi Fuso |ref=camionFuso |editor-first=Seiji (高吉 誠司) |editor-last=Takayoshi |language=Japanese |publisher=Geibun Mooks |page=48 |year=2011 |isbn=978-4-86396-112-8 }}</ref>

==Stellantis engine==
The 3.0-liter inline-6, called Hurricane turbo engine, developed in 2022 for use in Ram, Jeep, and Dodge vehicles, is unrelated to the original Willys Hurricane versions.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.motorbiscuit.com/new-ram-jeep-dodge-tornado-turbo-6-cylinder-engine-everything-we-know/ |title=All-New Ram, Jeep, Dodge 'Tornado' Turbo-6-Cylinder Engine: Everything We Know |first=Thom |last=Taylor |date=2 January 2022 |website=motorbiscuit.com |access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.musclecarsandtrucks.com/gme-t6-tornado-engine-will-likely-have-three-variants/ |title=There Will be 3 Variants of the Stellantis GME-T6 “Tornado” Engine: Report |first=Zac |last=Quinn |date=9 March 2022 |website=musclecarsandtrucks.com |access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a39530125/stellantis-twin-turbo-inline-six-specs-details/ |title=Stellantis Goes Six in a Row with a Twin-Turbo Inline-Six Engine |first=David |last=Beard |date=24 March 2022 |work=Car and Driver |access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Jeep engines|Hurricane]]
[[Category:Gasoline engines by model]]
[[Category:Straight-four engines]]
[[Category:Straight-six engines]]