Editing Windows Services for UNIX

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Short description|Discontinued software produced by Microsoft which provided Unix environment on Windows NT}}
{{distinguish|Windows Subsystem for Linux}}
{{Infobox software
| name                   = Windows Services for UNIX
| logo                   = 
| screenshot             = 
| screenshot_size        = 
| caption                = 
| other_names            = SFU, SUA
| author                 = [[MKS Inc.]] (SFU 1.0 / 2.0), [[Interix|Softway Systems, Inc.]] (SFU 3.0 / 3.5)
| developer              = [[Microsoft]]
| released               = {{Start date and age|1999|2}}
| discontinued           = yes
| latest release version = 3.5
| latest release date    = {{Start date and age|2004|1}}
| operating system       = [[Microsoft Windows]]
| platform               = [[IA-32]] and [[x86-64]]
| replaces               = [[Microsoft POSIX subsystem]]
| replaced_by            = [[Windows Subsystem for Linux]]
| genre                  = [[Compatibility layer]]
| license                = 
| website                = {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826161806/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb496506.aspx|title=Windows Services for Unix}}
}}
'''Windows Services for UNIX''' ('''SFU''') is a discontinued software package produced by [[Microsoft]] which provided a [[Unix]] environment on [[Windows NT]] and some of its immediate successor operating-systems.

SFU 1.0 and 2.0 used the [[MKS Toolkit]]; starting with SFU 3.0, SFU included the [[Interix]] subsystem,<ref name="LiuPeltier2008">{{cite book|author1=Dale Liu|author2=Justin Peltier|title=Next Generation SSH2 Implementation: Securing Data in Motion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RHZsOY-sTcEC&pg=PA181|year=2008|publisher=Syngress|isbn=978-1-59749-283-6|pages=181–182|access-date=October 26, 2016|archive-date=September 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930215554/http://books.google.com/books?id=RHZsOY-sTcEC&pg=PA181|url-status=live}}</ref> which was acquired by Microsoft in 1999 from US-based Softway Systems as part of an asset acquisition.<ref>{{Cite press release |url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/sept99/softwaypr.mspx |title=Microsoft Acquires Softway Systems to Strengthen Future Customer Interoperability Solutions |date=September 17, 1999 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |access-date=December 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222101113/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/sept99/softwaypr.mspx |archive-date=February 22, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> SFU 3.5 was the last release and was available as a free download from Microsoft. [[Windows Server 2003 R2]] included most of the former SFU components (on Disk 2), naming the Interix subsystem component Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA).<ref name="technet.microsoft.com">{{cite web |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/cc771470(v=ws.11) |title=Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications Overview |date=November 17, 2009 |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref> In [[Windows Server 2008]] and high-end versions of both [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]] (Enterprise and Ultimate), a minimal Interix SUA was included, but most of the other SFU utilities had to be downloaded separately from Microsoft's web site.<ref name="LiuPeltier2008"/>

The Interix subsystem included in SFU 3.0 and 3.5 and later released as SUA Windows components provided header files and libraries that made it easier to recompile or port Unix applications for use on Windows; they did not make Linux or other Unix binaries ([[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]], [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]], [[Xenix]] etc) compatible with Windows binaries. Like the [[Microsoft POSIX subsystem]] that Interix replaced, it is best thought of as a distinct [[Unix-like]] platform.

It is replaced by [[Windows Subsystem for Linux]] in [[Windows 10]] and [[Windows Server 2019]].

==Components==
[[File:Korn Shell running on SUA.png|thumb|[[KornShell]] running on SUA]]
[[File:C Shell running on SUA.png|thumb|[[C shell]] running on SUA]]
As of SFU 3.5, it contained:
* Over 350 [[Unix]] utilities such as [[Vi (text editor)|vi]], [[KornShell|ksh]], [[C shell|csh]], [[ls]], [[Cat (Unix)|cat]], [[awk]], [[grep]], [[Kill (command)|kill]], etc.
* [[GNU Compiler Collection|GCC]] 3.3 compiler, includes and libraries (through an MS libc)
* A cc-like wrapper for [[Microsoft Visual Studio]] command-line C/C++ compiler
* [[GNU Debugger|GDB]] debugger
* [[Perl]]
* [[Network File System|NFS]] server and client
* A pcnfsd daemon
* [[X Window system|X11]] tools and libraries
* Tools for making NFS mount-points appear as Windows shares, and vice versa (''gateway'' services)
* A [[Network Information Service|NIS]] server capability linked with Active Directory (AD)
* Some Windows/Unix authentication information-synchronization tools

SFU did not contain the following:
* [[bash (Unix shell)|bash]], [[OpenSSH]], [[sudo]], [[Concurrent Versions System|CVS]], [[Clam AntiVirus|ClamAV]], [[bzip2]], [[Make (software)#Derivatives|gmake]], [[CURL|curl]], [[emacs]], [[Apache HTTP Server|Apache]], [[XView]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Tcl]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]]

Although SFU includes [[X Window System]] client libraries and applications, it does not contain a native X server. Administrators may configure any of the numerous third-party Windows X servers. Fully featured free options include [[Cygwin/X]], [[Xming]] and WeirdX.

==Releases==

===1.0===
Microsoft produced at least one beta release of the initial version of SFU before its final release in February 1999. This release, in [[English language|English]] only, was supported on the [[Windows NT 4.0]] SP3+ for [[x86]] and [[DEC Alpha|Alpha]] platforms. This is the only known release to support Alpha. It included a demonstration version of the [[MKS Toolkit]] along with the following components:

* [[Telnet]] server
* Telnet client
* UNIX Utilities (from [[MKS Inc.|MKS]])
* Client for [[Network File System|NFS]]
* Server for NFS
* Server for NFS Authentication
* Windows NT to UNIX password-synchronization
* Help files and documentation

===2.0===
This second installment of SFU was released April 2000 and was also for English; however, a [[Japanese language|Japanese-language]] release appeared just two months later in June 2000. Both ran on Windows NT 4.0 SP4+ and [[Windows 2000]] on x86 platforms with [[Internet Explorer]] 4.01+. SFU 2.0 supported the following UNIX versions: [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]] 2.6+, [[HP-UX]] 10.2+, [[IBM AIX|AIX]] 4.2+, [[Tru64 UNIX]] 5.0+, and [[Red Hat Linux]] 5.1+. It included the following components:
* Server for [[Network File System|NFS]] (NFSServer)
* Client for NFS (NFSClient)
* Gateway for NFS (NFSGateway)
* Server for PCNFS (Pcnfsd)
* User Name Mapping (Mapsvc)
* Server for NFS Authentication (NFSServerAuth)
* Server for [[Network Information Service|NIS]] (NIS)
* [[Telnet]] Client (TelnetClient)
* Telnet server (TelnetServer)
* Password synchronization (PasswdSync)
* [[ActiveState]] ActivePerl (Perl)
* UNIX utilities (UnixUtilities)
* [[Cron]] service (CronSvc)
* [[Remote Shell|Rsh]] service (RshSvc)
There were subsequent updated OEM releases SFU 2.1, SFU 2.2, and SFU 2.3.

===3.0===
This version, released in May 2002, was the first release to include the [[Interix]] subsystem. Previously Microsoft had released Interix 2.2 (actually version 2.2.5) as a separate product around the same time frame as SFU 2.0. This SFU release included Interix release 3.0 (commonly called the "version" as reported by '''uname -r''') with an internal Microsoft version of 7.0 that relates to internal build sequences. This Interix release contained significant technical extensions from the Interix 2.2 release such as a rooted file system and setuid functionality that were entirely based on the Softway Systems' [[Interix]] development codenamed "Firebrand". This was also released in English and followed by a later release in Japanese in October 2002, adding [[Internationalization and localization|internationalization]] support. Both supported Windows NT 4.0 SP6a+, Windows 2000, and [[Windows XP]] Professional on x86 platforms with Internet Explorer 5.0+. The MKS Toolkit was no longer included. It included the following components:
* Base Utilities for Interix (BaseUtils; including [[X Window System|X11R5]] utilities)
* UNIX Perl for Interix (UNIXPerl)
* Interix SDK (InterixSDK; including headers and libraries for development and a wrapper for [[Microsoft Visual Studio|Visual Studio]] compiler)
* GNU Utilities for Interix (GNUUtils, about 9 utilities in total)
* GNU SDK for Interix (GNUSDK; including [[GNU Compiler Collection|gcc]] and g++)
* NFS Client for Windows (NFSClient)
* NFS Gateway for Windows (NFSGateway)
* NFS Server for Windows (NFSServer)
* NIS Server for Windows (NIS)
* Password Synchronization (PasswdSync)
* Windows Remote Shell Service (RshSvc)
* Telnet Server for Windows (TelnetServer)
* NFS User Name Mapping (Mapsvc)
* NFS Authentication Server (NFSServerAuth)
* PCNFS Server (Pcnfsd)
* ActiveState Perl (Perl)

===3.5===
This was the final release of SFU and the only release to be distributed free of charge. It was released January 2004 and included both English and Japanese versions for Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, and [[Windows Server 2003]] (original release only{{efn|Only works on "R1", not on R2}}) on x86 platforms with Internet Explorer 5.0+. It included Interix subsystem release 3.5 (build version 8.0) adding internationalization support (at least for the English version which did not have such until now) and [[POSIX Threads|POSIX threading]]. This release could only be installed to an [[NTFS]] [[file system]] (earlier versions supported [[File Allocation Table|FAT]]; this was for improved file-security requirements in Interix 3.5). The following UNIX versions were supported for NFS components: Solaris 7 and 8, Red Hat Linux 8.0, AIX 5L 5.2, and HP-UX 11i. It included the following components:
* Base Utilities for Interix (BaseUtils; including X11R6 and X11R5 utilities)
* UNIX Perl for Interix (UNIXPerl)
* Interix SDK (InterixSDK; including headers and libraries for development and a wrapper for Visual Studio compiler)
* GNU Utilities for Interix (GNUUtils, again about 9 utilities)
* GNU SDK for Interix (GNUSDK; including gcc and g++)
* NFS Client for Windows (NFSClient)
* NFS Gateway for Windows (NFSGateway)
* NFS Server for Windows (NFSServer)
* NIS Server for Windows (NIS)
* Password synchronization (PasswdSync)
* Windows Remote Shell Service (RshSvc)
* Telnet Server for Windows (TelnetServer)
* NFS User Name Mapping (Mapsvc)
* NFS Authentication Server (NFSServerAuth)
* PCNFS server (Pcnfsd)
* ActiveState Perl (Perl)

Microsoft does not intend to produce any further standalone versions of SFU, opting instead for the integrated SUA. As of August 18, 2016, v3.5 is unavailable from the provided Microsoft Link.<ref name = "Download">{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=896c9688-601b-44f1-81a4-02878ff11778&DisplayLang=en|title=Download details: Windows Services for UNIX Version 3.5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414141021/http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=896c9688-601b-44f1-81a4-02878ff11778&DisplayLang=en|archive-date=April 14, 2006|url-status=dead|date=September 21, 2006|publisher=Microsoft}}</ref> General support continued until 2011; extended support until 2014.<ref name="Watch">{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft-watch.com/article2/0,2180,1855248,00.asp|title=It's the End of the Line for Microsoft's Services for Unix Product|author=Mary Jo Foley|author-link=Mary Jo Foley|date=September 1, 2005|website=eWeek Microsoft Watch|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905192052/http://www.microsoft-watch.com/article2/0,2180,1855248,00.asp|archive-date=September 5, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Known problems==
Character translation must be used to accommodate filenames which include a colon (:) or other characters that do not comply with the naming conventions of Windows file-systems. Files with the same name but different cases are also not allowed by default, but can be enabled on installation with the side-effect of making the underlying partition's filesystem case-sensitive,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/tn-archive/bb463214(v=technet.10)|title=Windows Services for UNIX 3.5 White Paper|date=December 5, 2007|author=Charlie Russel|publisher=Microsoft}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/tn-archive/bb496994(v=technet.10)|title=Chapter 1: Introduction to Windows Services for UNIX 3.5|date=December 5, 2007|work=UNIX Custom Application Migration Guide, Volume 2: Migrate Using UNIX Services for Windows 3.5|publisher=Microsoft}}</ref> even for the Win32 subsystem.

Network authentication for UNIX systems relies on the insecure NIS protocol (LDAP- and Kerberos-based authentication require a third-party solution). Microsoft has released several [[hotfix]]es for Windows Services for UNIX, and at least one Security Update (KB939778). The [[GNU Project]] utilities are several versions older than the latest ones. A separate port of the up-to-date [[Debian]] utilities was started in 2007, but apparently abandoned in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://debian-interix.net/ |title=Debian Interix Port |publisher=Debian-interix.net |access-date=January 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102155326/http://debian-interix.net/ |archive-date=January 2, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Several of the text processing utilities in SUA (e.g. [[awk]]) are not compatible with [[Unicode]] or [[wide character]] text files.

No version of Windows Services for UNIX is available for [[Windows XP Professional x64 Edition]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/920751 |title=You receive a "Cannot install on a 64 bit machine" error message when you try to install Windows Services for UNIX on a computer that is running a 64-bit operating system |access-date=August 11, 2011 |archive-date=November 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128060021/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/920751 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[Windows Server 2003 R2]] contains most SFU components, namely Microsoft Services for Network File System (NFS), Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA, a.k.a. [[Interix]]), and Identity Management for UNIX.<ref name="MS">{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/R2/unixcomponents/default.mspx|title=Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 UNIX Interoperability Components|publisher=Microsoft|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050510025015/http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/R2/unixcomponents/default.mspx|archive-date=May 10, 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref> The July 2007 SFU 3.5 Security Update updated posix.exe and related files to match the SUA version.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms07-053.mspx |title=Microsoft Security Bulletin MS07-053 - Important : Vulnerability in Windows Services for UNIX Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (939778) |website=[[Microsoft]] |access-date=March 8, 2011 |archive-date=May 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504182859/http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/Bulletin/MS07-053.mspx |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Unlike the SFU, the SUA version included in Windows Server 2003 R2 (and subsequent versions) has 64-bit support and allows linking of Win32 libraries to SUA applications.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/3/C/4/3C4C7C9C-AAA0-4BD4-9C14-5BA29BDD7D4C/sua.pdf |title=Open Source at Microsoft. Subsystem for UNIX-Based Applications: Providing More Choices |access-date=May 30, 2011 |archive-date=February 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226060146/http://download.microsoft.com/download/3/C/4/3C4C7C9C-AAA0-4BD4-9C14-5BA29BDD7D4C/sua.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]] Enterprise and Ultimate Editions also contain the Services for Unix components, now called the Subsystem for UNIX-based applications (SUA),<ref name="technet.microsoft.com"/> and Client for NFS v3. Users must download the utilities and SDK separately. However, the server components from the SFU product line (namely Server for NFS, User Name Mapping, Server for NIS, Password Synchronization etc.) are not included<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/sfu/archive/2007/05/01/unix-interoperability-and-windows-vista.aspx|title=UNIX Interoperability and Windows Vista|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308114305/http://blogs.msdn.com/sfu/archive/2007/05/01/unix-interoperability-and-windows-vista.aspx|archive-date=March 8, 2010|url-status=dead|date=May 1, 2007|author=Ashish|website=Services for UNIX - Interoperability Blog, MSDN Blogs}}</ref> – these are included in Server editions of Windows (i.e. Windows Server 2008).

SUA was deprecated in Windows 8 Enterprise<ref>{{cite web|last=Reiter|first=Brian|title=SUA Deprecated in Windows 8|url=http://brianreiter.org/2011/09/15/sua-deprecated-in-windows-8/|access-date=October 15, 2011|date=September 15, 2011|quote=SUA is deprecated starting with [the Windows 8 M3 Developer Preview] release and will be completely removed from the next release.|archive-date=June 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609051159/http://brianreiter.org/2011/09/15/sua-deprecated-in-windows-8/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Windows Server 2012,<ref>{{cite web|title=Features Removed or Deprecated in Windows Server 2012| date=August 31, 2016 |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/hh831568(v=ws.11)|access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref> and completely removed in Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2.<ref>{{cite web|title=Features Removed or Deprecated in Windows Server 2012 R2 Preview| date=August 31, 2016 |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/dn303411(v=ws.11)|access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref> The NFS server is still supported in Windows Server 2012 R2.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/jj592688(v=ws.11) |title=Network File System Overview |date=August 31, 2016 |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref><ref name="MinasiGreene2013">{{cite book|first1=Mark |last1=Minasi|first2=Kevin |last2=Greene|first3=Christian |last3=Booth|first4=Robert |last4=Butler |first5=John |last5=McCabe |first6=Robert |last6=Panek |first7=Michael |last7=Rice |first8=Stefan |last8=Roth|title=Mastering Windows Server 2012 R2|year=2013|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-33394-5|pages=565 and 636}}</ref>

The NFS client feature and server features are separate from the SUA in Windows 7 and 2008,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/running-sap-applications-on-the/installation-configuration-of-windows-nfs-client-to-enable/ba-p/367084 |title=Installation & Configuration of Windows NFS Client to enable Windows to Mount a UNIX File System |work=Running SAP Applications on SQL Server blog |date=February 3, 2011 |access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref> and remained supported until [[Windows Subsystem for Linux]] replaced it. On desktop (Windows 7), NFS is only available in the Enterprise and Ultimate editions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.zwiegnet.com/linux-server/mount-nfs-share-windows-7/ |title=Mount NFS Share Windows 7 &#124; Zwiegnet Blog 2013 &#124; Server Hosting |publisher=Blog.zwiegnet.com |access-date=January 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110081647/http://blog.zwiegnet.com/linux-server/mount-nfs-share-windows-7/ |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The free reference implementation of NFS 4.1 for Windows (by [[University of Michigan|UMICH CITI]]), the development of which was sponsored by Microsoft,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-finances-open-source-nfs-v4-implementation-for-windows/ |title=Microsoft finances open-source NFS v4 implementation for Windows |website=[[ZDNet]] |access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref> does work on lower-end versions of Windows 7, but requires more involved installation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.trevorpott.com/nfs-client-in-windows-7-pro/ |title=NFS Client in Windows 7 Pro |website=drink the sweet feeling of the colour zero |date=April 29, 2012 |access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref>

In [[Windows 8]], the NFS client gained krb5p ([[Kerberos 5]] with full data encryption) support. In Windows 7, Kerberos 5 was supported for authentication, but only packet integrity checking was available for data. The maximum block/buffer size was also increased from 32 KB to 1 MB in Windows 8.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sfu/archive/2012/08/01/client-for-nfs-in-windows-8.aspx |title=Client for NFS in Windows 8 |work=Services for UNIX - Interoperability blog |access-date=January 10, 2014 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110164101/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sfu/archive/2012/08/01/client-for-nfs-in-windows-8.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Windows Server 2012 added support for NFS 4.1 server.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/storage-at-microsoft/server-for-nfs-in-windows-server-2012/ba-p/424486 |title=Server for NFS in Windows Server 2012 |work=The Storage Team at Microsoft - File Cabinet Blog |date=September 14, 2012 |access-date=August 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/01/microsoft_nfs/ |title=Microsoft storage boffins serve up smoking 2012 NFS server • the Register |website=[[The Register]] |access-date=September 18, 2017 |archive-date=June 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617220110/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/01/microsoft_nfs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The new implementation is kernel-based (RPC/XDR-wise) but many optional features from NFS4 are not implemented, including ACLs, pNFS etc. There is however support in [[PowerShell]] for mapping user identities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.snia.org/sites/default/orig/SDC2012/presentations/NFS/RoopishBattepati_NFSv4-1v4_1.pdf |title=NFSv4.1 Architecture and Tradeoffs in Windows Server 2012 |access-date=August 9, 2018 |archive-date=March 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316100045/https://www.snia.org/sites/default/orig/SDC2012/presentations/NFS/RoopishBattepati_NFSv4-1v4_1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Cygwin]]
* [[UnxUtils]]
* [[UWIN]]
* [[Windows Subsystem for Linux]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb496506.aspx Microsoft TechNet: Windows Services for UNIX]
* [http://blogs.msdn.com/sfu/default.aspx Services for UNIX: Blog]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113145610/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=274 |date=January 13, 2016 |title=Download: Windows Services for UNIX 3.5 }}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323090003/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=2391 |date=March 23, 2014 |title=Download: Utilities and SDK for Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications in Microsoft Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 }}

{{Windows Components}}
{{Unix-Windows interoperability}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Windows Services For Unix}}
[[Category:Windows components]]
[[Category:Unix emulators]]