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{{Short description|1969 music festival in Bethel, New York, US}} {{About|1=the 1969 music and art festival|3=Woodstock (disambiguation)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2024}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}} {{Infobox music festival | name = Woodstock | image = Woodstock poster.jpg | image_size = | caption = Promotional poster designed by {{nowrap|[[Arnold Skolnick]]}}. Originally, the bird was perched on a flute.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.woodstockpreservation.org/Gallery/Poster/Poster.htm |title=The Woodstock Poster |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516064409/http://www.woodstockpreservation.org/Gallery/Poster/Poster.htm |archive-date=May 16, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jochem |first=Greta |date=August 16, 2019 |title=Pitch Perfect: Woodstock Needed a Poster and Arnold Skolnick Delivered a Cultural Icon |url=https://www.gazettenet.com/Arnold-Skolnick-an-Easthampton-artist-reflects-on-his-famous-Woodstock-poster-27686390 |work=[[Daily Hampshire Gazette]] |location=Northampton, Mass. |access-date=August 18, 2019 |archive-date=August 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817183233/https://www.gazettenet.com/Arnold-Skolnick-an-Easthampton-artist-reflects-on-his-famous-Woodstock-poster-27686390 |url-status=live }}</ref> | location = [[Bethel, New York]] | coordinates = {{Coord|41.70|N|74.88|W|region:US-NY_type:event|display=inline,title}} | attendance = 460,000 to 500,000 people (estimate)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Woodstock |title=Encyclopedia Britannica - Woodstock entry |access-date=January 3, 2025 |archive-date=January 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103140054/https://www.britannica.com/event/Woodstock |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.musicianshalloffame.com/50-facts-about-woodstock/ |title=50 Facts about Woodstock |publisher=Musicianshalloffame |last=Hawker |first=Alex |date=July 22, 2019 |access-date=January 3, 2025 |archive-date=July 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729221622/https://www.musicianshalloffame.com/50-facts-about-woodstock/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.radiox.co.uk/features/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-woodstock-festival/ |title=Woodstock 1969: 10 things you didn't know about the legendary festival |publisher=[[Radio X (United Kingdom)|Radio X]] |date=August 15, 2024 |access-date=January 3, 2025 |archive-date=January 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103140053/https://www.radiox.co.uk/features/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-woodstock-festival/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | years_active = {{Start date and age|1969}} | founders = [[Artie Kornfeld]]<br />[[Michael Lang (producer)|Michael Lang]]<br />[[John P. Roberts]]<br />[[Joel Rosenman]]<br />Woodstock Ventures | dates = August 15β17, 1969 (scheduled)<br />August 15β18, 1969 (actual) | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Folk music|Folk]] * rock * [[blues rock]] * [[folk rock]] * [[hard rock]] * [[jazz fusion]] * [[Latin music|Latin]] * [[psychedelic rock]] * [[progressive rock]] * [[Southern rock]] * [[jam band]] }} | website = {{URL|www.woodstock.com}} }} {{Location map |USA |relief = 1 |label = <small>Bethel </small> |lat = 41.70 |long = -74.88 |caption = Location in the United States |marksize = 5 |position = left |float = |background = |width = 230 }} {{Location map |USA New York |relief = 1 |label = <small>Max Yasgur's <br />farm </small> |lat = 41.70 |long = -74.88 |caption = Location in New York |marksize = 5 |position = left |float = |background = |width = 180 }} The '''Woodstock Music and Art Fair''', commonly referred to as '''Woodstock''', was a music festival held from August 15 to 18, 1969, on [[Max Yasgur]]'s dairy farm in [[Bethel, New York]],<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/02/10/archives/max-yasgur-dies-woodstock-festival-was-on-his-farm-undaunted-by.html |title=Max Yasgar Dies; Woodstock Festival Was on His Farm |date=February 10, 1973 |work=The New York Times |access-date=October 31, 2019 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=September 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908205322/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/02/10/archives/max-yasgur-dies-woodstock-festival-was-on-his-farm-undaunted-by.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{convert|60|mi|round=5}} southwest of the town of [[Woodstock, New York|Woodstock]]. Billed as "an [[Age of Aquarius|Aquarian]] Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music" and alternatively referred to as the '''Woodstock Rock Festival''', it attracted an audience of more than 460,000.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-1002258729 |title=Woodstock Music and Arts Fair. |access-date=August 18, 2019 |publisher=Oxford Music Online β Oxford University Press |last=Jesse |first=Jarnow |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2258729 |isbn=978-1-56159-263-0 |archive-date=April 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415054958/http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-1002258729? |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="pcandsh">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wjkVAAAAIBAJ&pg=7277%2C284925 |work=Spokane Daily Chronicle |location=(Washington) |agency=Associated Press |title=Peace and sharing dominate festival |date=August 18, 1969 |page=10 |access-date=March 27, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026151058/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wjkVAAAAIBAJ&pg=7277,284925 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ctmafr">{{cite news |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1969/08/18/page/3/article/music-art-fair-ends-2-are-dead |work=Chicago Tribune |agency=UPI |title=Music, art fair ends; 2 are dead |date=August 18, 1969 |page=3, sec. 1 |url-access=subscription |access-date=September 7, 2017 |archive-date=September 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908015930/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1969/08/18/page/3/article/music-art-fair-ends-2-are-dead/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="erggrfewo">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a9xVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6928%2C4284524 |work=Eugene Register-Guard |location=(Oregon) |agency=Associated Press |last=Rock |first=Naomi |title='Great' rock festival ends without violence |date=August 18, 1969 |page=4A |access-date=March 27, 2020 |archive-date=October 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026091720/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a9xVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6928,4284524 |url-status=live }}</ref> Thirty-two acts performed outdoors despite [[overcast]] and sporadic rain.<ref name="NY Times Aug 27, 1969">{{cite news |title=State Investigating Handling of Tickets At Woodstock Fair |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/08/27/archives/state-investigating-handling-of-tickets-at-woodstock-fair.html |newspaper=The New York Times |page=45 |date=August 27, 1969 |url-access=subscription |access-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707111039/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/08/27/archives/state-investigating-handling-of-tickets-at-woodstock-fair.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It was one of the largest music festivals in history and became synonymous with the [[counterculture of the 1960s]].<ref>{{cite news |date=July 4, 2018 |title=Music festivals: What's the world's biggest? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-44697302 |access-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921205721/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-44697302 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Woodstock {{!}} The Biggest Music Festival in History |url=https://www.english-online.at/music/woodstock/music-rock-festival.htm |access-date=October 6, 2022 |website=www.english-online.at |archive-date=September 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905184130/https://www.english-online.at/music/woodstock/music-rock-festival.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=London |first=Luxury |date=July 6, 2021 |title=The most legendary music festivals of all time |url=https://luxurylondon.co.uk/culture/entertainment/the-most-legendary-and-greatest-music-festivals-of-all-time/ |access-date=October 6, 2022 |website=Luxury London |language=en-US |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006184929/https://luxurylondon.co.uk/culture/entertainment/the-most-legendary-and-greatest-music-festivals-of-all-time/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2021 |title=How Woodstock Became a Symbol of U.S. Counterculture β’ Madame Blue |url=https://themadameblue.com/blog/how-woodstock-became-a-symbol-of-us-counterculture/ |access-date=October 4, 2023 |website=themadameblue.com |language=en-US |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006210458/https://themadameblue.com/blog/how-woodstock-became-a-symbol-of-us-counterculture/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The festival has become widely regarded as a pivotal moment in popular music history, as well as a defining event for the [[Silent Generation|silent]] and [[Baby boomers|baby boomer]] generations.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilgannon |first=Corey |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/19/arts/artsspecial/19love.html?pagewanted=all |title=3 Days of Peace and Music, 40 Years Later |newspaper=The New York Times |department=Arts |date=March 17, 2009 |access-date=February 23, 2017 |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215024501/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/19/arts/artsspecial/19love.html?pagewanted=all |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/06/us/baby-boomer-generation-fast-facts/ |title=Baby Boomer Generation Fast Facts |work=CNN |date=November 6, 2013 |access-date=November 7, 2013 |archive-date=November 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109044419/http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/06/us/baby-boomer-generation-fast-facts |url-status=live }}</ref> The event's significance was reinforced by [[Woodstock (film)|a 1970 documentary film]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Woodstock |website=[[IMDb]] |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0066580/ |access-date=October 31, 2019 |archive-date=March 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324221429/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0066580/ |url-status=live }}</ref> an accompanying [[Woodstock: Music from the Original Soundtrack and More|soundtrack album]], and a [[Woodstock (song)|song]] written by [[Joni Mitchell]] that became a major hit for both [[Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young]] and [[Matthews Southern Comfort]]. Musical events bearing the Woodstock name were planned for anniversaries, including the [[Woodstock '79|10th]], [[Woodstock '89|20th]], [[Woodstock '94|25th]], [[Woodstock '99|30th]], [[Heroes of Woodstock Tour|40th]], and [[Woodstock 50|50th]]. In 2004, ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine listed it as number 19 of the ''50 moments that changed the history of rock and roll''.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6085488/woodstock_in_1969 |title=Woodstock in 1969 |date=June 24, 2004 |access-date=April 17, 2008 |magazine=Rolling Stone |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209163601/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6085488/woodstock_in_1969 |archive-date=February 9, 2007 }}</ref> In 2017, the festival site became listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="NRHP listing">{{cite web |title=National Register of Historic Places listings for March 10, 2017 |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/weekly-list-2017-national-register-of-historic-places.pdf |website=[[U.S. National Park Service]] |date=March 10, 2017 |access-date=March 15, 2017 |archive-date=March 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313211544/https://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20170310.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Planning and preparation== Woodstock was initiated through the efforts of [[Michael Lang (producer)|Michael Lang]], [[Artie Kornfeld]], [[Joel Rosenman]], and [[John P. Roberts]].<ref name="Inside Story Woodstock" /><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XI4-VnSrEcAC&q=Joel+Rosenman&pg=PA126 |first=Scott R. |last=Benarde |title=Stars of David: Rock'n'roll's Jewish Stories |page=126 |publisher=[[Brandeis University Press]] |date=July 1, 2003 |isbn=978-1584653035 |quote=Four Jews organized the Woodstock Festival: [[Michael Lang (producer)|Michael Lang]], [[Artie Kornfeld]], [[John P. Roberts|John Roberts]], and [[Joel Rosenman]] |access-date=October 3, 2020 |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510133044/https://books.google.com/books?id=XI4-VnSrEcAC&q=Joel+Rosenman&pg=PA126#v=snippet&q=Joel%20Rosenman&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Roberts and Rosenman financed the project.<ref name="Inside Story Woodstock" /> Lang had some experience as a promoter, having co-organized the [[Miami Pop Festival (May 1968)|Miami Pop Festival]] on the East Coast the previous year, where an estimated 25,000 people attended the two-day event.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lang |first1=Michael |title=The Road to Woodstock |last2=George-Warren |first2=Holly |date=June 30, 2009 |publisher=Ecco |isbn=978-0061576584 |location=New York }}</ref> Early in 1969, Roberts and Rosenman were New York City entrepreneurs who were in the process of building [[Mediasound Studios|Mediasound]], a recording studio complex in Manhattan. Lang and Kornfeld's lawyer, Miles Lourie, who had done legal work on the Mediasound project, suggested that they contact Roberts and Rosenman about financing a similar but much smaller studio, Kornfeld, that Lang hoped to build in [[Woodstock, New York|Woodstock]], New York. Unpersuaded by this Studio-in-the-Woods proposal, Roberts and Rosenman counter-proposed a concert featuring the kind of artists known to frequent the Woodstock area, such as [[Bob Dylan]] and [[the Band]]. Kornfeld and Lang agreed to the new plan, and Woodstock Ventures was formed in January 1969.<ref name="Inside Story Woodstock" />{{page needed|date=August 2020}} The company offices were located in an oddly decorated floor of 47 West 57th Street in Manhattan. Burt Cohen and his design group, Curtain Call Productions, oversaw the psychedelic transformation of the office.<ref name=Perone>{{cite book |last1=Perone |first1=James |title=Woodstock : an encyclopedia of the music and art fair |date=2005 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, Conn. |isbn=978-0-313-33057-5 |edition=1. publ. }}</ref>{{page needed|date=August 2020}} From the start there were differences in approach among the four. Roberts was disciplined and knew what was needed for the venture to succeed, while the laid-back Lang saw Woodstock as a new, "relaxed" way of bringing entrepreneurs together.<ref name="spitz-babylon">{{cite book |first=Robert Stephen |last=Spitz |title=Barefoot in Babylon |url=https://archive.org/details/barefootinbabylo00spit |url-access=registration |publisher=The Viking Press, New York |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-670-14801-1 }}</ref>{{page needed|date=August 2020}} When Lang was unable to find a site for the concert, Roberts and Rosenman, growing increasingly concerned, took to the road and found a venue. Similar differences about financial discipline made Roberts and Rosenman wonder whether to pull the plug or to continue pumping money into the project.<ref name="spitz-babylon" />{{page needed|date=August 2020}} In April 1969, [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]] became the first act to sign a contract for the event, agreeing to play for $10,000 (equivalent to ${{inflation|US|10000|1969|r=-3|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation-year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dowling |first1=Stephen |title=50 Facts about Woodstock at 50: Money |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20190813-50-facts-about-woodstock-at-50-money |access-date=January 25, 2020 |publisher=BBC |date=August 15, 2019 |archive-date=February 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215031513/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20190813-50-facts-about-woodstock-at-50-money |url-status=live }}</ref> The promoters had experienced difficulty in landing big-name groups until Creedence committed to play. Creedence drummer [[Doug Clifford]] later commented: "Once Creedence signed, everyone else jumped in line and all the other big acts came on." Given their 12:30 am start time and omission from the ''Woodstock'' film (at {{sic|hide=y|Creedence}} frontman [[John Fogerty]]'s insistence), {{sic|hide=y|Creedence}} members have expressed bitterness over their experiences regarding the festival.<ref name="Bordowitz 2007">{{cite book |last=Bordowitz |first=Hank |title=Bad Moon Rising: The Unauthorized History of Creedence Clearwater Revival |publisher=Chicago Review Press |location=Chicago |year=2007 |page=390 |isbn=978-1-55652-661-9 }}</ref> Woodstock was conceived as a profit-making venture. It became a "free concert" when circumstances prevented the organizers from installing fences and ticket booths before opening day.<ref name="Inside Story Woodstock" />{{page needed|date=August 2020}} Tickets for the three-day event cost US$18 in advance and $24 at the gate (equivalent to about ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|18|1969|r=-1}}}} and ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|24|1969|r=-1}}}} today{{Inflation-fn|US}}). Ticket sales were limited to record stores in the greater New York City area, or by mail via a post office box at the [[Radio City Music Hall|Radio City]] Station Post Office located in [[Midtown Manhattan]]. Around 186,000 advance tickets were sold.<ref name="bbc-woodstockends">{{cite news |date=August 18, 1969 |title=1969: Woodstock music festival ends |work=[[BBC News]] |department=On this Day: 1950β2005 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/18/newsid_2760000/2760911.stm |access-date=April 17, 2008 |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413200143/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/18/newsid_2760000/2760911.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The organizers had anticipated that approximately 50,000 festival-goers would turn up.<ref name="Inside Story Woodstock" />{{page needed|date=August 2020}} ===Selection of venue=== The original plan was for the festival to take place in the town of Woodstock on a site owned by Alexander Tapooz.<ref name=Evans />{{rp|40}} After local residents rejected that idea, Lang and Kornfeld thought they had found another possible location at the Winston Farm in [[Saugerties, New York]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anderson |first1=Stacey |title=3 Days of Peace, Music and a Concierge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/10/arts/music/3-days-of-peace-music-and-a-concierge.html |access-date=January 27, 2022 |work=The New York Times |issue=Section C, Page 1 |date=July 10, 2014 |archive-date=January 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127133648/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/10/arts/music/3-days-of-peace-music-and-a-concierge.html |url-status=live }}</ref> But they were mistaken, as the landowner's attorney made clear in a brief meeting with Roberts and Rosenman.<ref name=Evans />{{rp|40}} Growing alarmed at the lack of progress, Roberts and Rosenman took over the search for a venue, and discovered the {{convert|300|acre|ha sqmi km2|adj=on|lk=on}} Mills Industrial Park ({{coord|41.4782 |-74.3641}}) in the town of [[Wallkill, Orange County, New York]], which Woodstock Ventures leased for US$10,000 (equivalent to ${{inflation|US|10000|1969|r=-3|fmt=c}} today) in the Spring of 1969.<ref name="Tiber 1994-1">{{cite news |last=Tiber |first=Elliot |url=http://www.discoverynet.com/~barnes/wsrprnt1.htm |title=How Woodstock Happened ... Part 1 |newspaper=[[Times Herald-Record]] |type=Reprint from "Woodstock Commemorative Edition" |year=1994 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127055604/http://www.discoverynet.com/~barnes/wsrprnt1.htm |archive-date=January 27, 2010 }}</ref> Town officials were assured that no more than 50,000 would attend. Town residents immediately opposed the project. In early July, the Town Board passed a law requiring a permit for any gathering of over 5,000 people. The conditions upon which a permit would be issued made it impossible for the promoters to continue construction at the Wallkill site.<ref name="Inside Story Woodstock" />{{page needed|date=August 2020}} Reports of the ban, however, turned out to be a publicity bonanza for the festival.<ref name="Tiber 1994-2">{{cite news |last=Tiber |first=Elliot |url=http://www.discoverynet.com/~barnes/wsrprnt2.htm |title=How Woodstock Happened ... Part 2 |newspaper=[[Times Herald-Record]] |type=Reprint from "Woodstock Commemorative Edition" |year=1994 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201054600/http://www.discoverynet.com/~barnes/wsrprnt2.htm |archive-date=February 1, 2010 }}</ref> [[File:Yasgur farm in 1968.jpg|thumb|[[Max Yasgur]]'s dairy farm in 1968]] In his 2007 book ''[[Taking Woodstock (book)|Taking Woodstock]]'', [[Elliot Tiber]] relates that he offered to host the event on his {{convert|15|acre|ha sqft m2|adj=on|lk=on}} motel grounds, and had a permit for such an event. He claims to have introduced the promoters to dairy farmer [[Max Yasgur]].<ref name="TakingWoodstock">{{cite book |last1=Tiber |first1=Elliot |author-link=Elliot Tiber |first2=Tom |last2=Monte |title=Taking Woodstock |publisher=SquareOne Publishers |year=2007 |url=https://archive.org/details/takingwoodstock00tibe |isbn=978-0-7570-0293-9 }}</ref>{{rp|91}} Lang, however, disputes Tiber's account and says that Tiber introduced him to a realtor, who drove him to Yasgur's farm without Tiber. [[Sam Yasgur]], Max's son, agrees with Lang's account.<ref name="Newsday">{{cite news |first=Bill |last=Bleyer |title=The road to Woodstock runs through Sunken Meadow State Park. |date=August 8, 2009 |url=http://www.newsday.com/long-island/nassau/road-to-woodstock-runs-through-sunken-meadow-1.1357820 |newspaper=[[Newsday]] |access-date=August 25, 2009 |archive-date=April 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430174311/https://www.newsday.com/long-island/nassau/road-to-woodstock-runs-through-sunken-meadow-1.1357820 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yasgur's land formed a natural bowl sloping down to Filippini Pond on the land's north side. The stage would be set up at the bottom of the hill with Filippini Pond forming a backdrop. The pond became a popular [[skinny dipping]] destination. Filippini was the only landowner who refused to sign a lease for the use of his property.<ref name="Inside Story Woodstock" />{{page needed|date=August 2020}} The organizers again told Bethel authorities that they expected no more than 50,000 people.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}} Despite opposition from the residents and signs proclaiming, "Buy No Milk. Stop Max's Hippy Music Festival",<ref name="Timesjuly">{{cite news |first=Richard F. |last=Shepard |title=Pop Rock Festival Finds New Home |date=July 23, 1969 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/07/23/archives/pop-rock-festival-finds-new-home.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=September 7, 2009 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=July 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722101702/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/07/23/archives/pop-rock-festival-finds-new-home.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Bethel Town Attorney Frederick W. V. Schadt, building inspector Donald Clark and Town Supervisor Daniel Amatucci approved the festival permits, although the Bethel Town Board refused to issue the permits formally.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://daily.jstor.org/woodstock-sex-drugs-and-zoning/ |title=Woodstock: Sex, Drugs, and Zoning |first=Matthew |last=Wills |date=May 9, 2019 |website=JSTOR Daily |access-date=July 9, 2019 |archive-date=May 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515020702/https://daily.jstor.org/woodstock-sex-drugs-and-zoning/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FyyqKcy_ZeMC&dq=woodstock+daniel+amatucci&pg=PA329 |title=Woodstock: The Oral History |publisher=SUNY Press |via=Google Books |page=329 |isbn=978-1-4384-2975-5 |access-date=January 28, 2024 |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510133038/https://books.google.com/books?id=FyyqKcy_ZeMC&dq=woodstock+daniel+amatucci&pg=PA329#v=onepage&q=woodstock%20daniel%20amatucci&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-yEPUnB7GsC&dq=woodstock+daniel+amatucci&pg=PA104 |title=Woodstock: An Encyclopedia of the Music and Art Fair |first=James E. |last=Perone |date=January 30, 2005 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |via=Google Books |page=104 |isbn=978-0-313-33057-5 |access-date=January 28, 2024 |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510133115/https://books.google.com/books?id=M-yEPUnB7GsC&dq=woodstock+daniel+amatucci&pg=PA104 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ronhelfsblog.blogspot.com/2013/04/what-can-hippie-contribute-to-our.html |title=I, Ron, eek!: "What Can a Hippie Contribute to our Community?": Culture Wars, Moral Panics, and the Woodstock Festival |first=Ronald Helfrich |last=Jnr |date=April 5, 2013 |access-date=July 9, 2019 |archive-date=July 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709203614/http://ronhelfsblog.blogspot.com/2013/04/what-can-hippie-contribute-to-our.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Clark was ordered to post stop-work orders.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.town.bethel.ny.us/uploads/Stage_Stop_Work_Order.pdf |title=Stop Work Order, July 1969 |access-date=July 12, 2019 |archive-date=July 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712151555/http://www.town.bethel.ny.us/uploads/Stage_Stop_Work_Order.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rosenman recalls meeting Don Clark and discussing with him how unethical it was for him to withhold permits which had already been authorized, and which he had in his pocket. At the end of the meeting, Inspector Clark gave him the permits.<ref name="Inside Story Woodstock" />{{page needed|date=August 2020}} The stop work order was lifted, allowing the festival to proceed pending backing by the Department of Health and Agriculture, and removal of all structures by September 1, 1969.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.town.bethel.ny.us/uploads/Build_Insp_letter_lifting_stop_work_order.pdf |title=Letter to Woodstock Ventures |access-date=July 12, 2019 |archive-date=July 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712151540/http://www.town.bethel.ny.us/uploads/Build_Insp_letter_lifting_stop_work_order.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The late change in venue did not give the festival organizers enough time to prepare. At a meeting three days before the event, Rosenman was asked by the construction foremen to choose between (a) completing the fencing and ticket booths, without which Roberts and Rosenman would be facing almost certain bankruptcy after the festival, or (b) trying to complete the stage, without which it would be a weekend of half a million concert-goers with no concerts. The next morning, on Wednesday, it became clear that option (a) had disappeared. Overnight, 50,000 "early birds" had arrived and had planted themselves in front of the half-finished stage. For the rest of the weekend, concert-goers simply walked on to the site with or without tickets. The festival left Roberts and Rosenman close to financial ruin, but their ownership of the film and recording rights turned their finances around when the Academy Award-winning documentary film ''[[Woodstock (film)|Woodstock]]'' was released in March 1970.<ref name="Inside Story Woodstock" />{{page needed|date=August 2020}} ==Festival== [[File:Woodstock redmond stage.JPG|thumb|Woodstock festival site with the stage]] The influx of people to the rural concert site in Bethel created a huge traffic jam. The town of Bethel did not enforce its codes, fearing chaos as crowds flowed to the site.<ref name="Tiber 1994-3">{{cite news |last=Tiber |first=Elliot |year=1994 |title=How Woodstock Happened ... Part 3 |newspaper=[[Times Herald-Record]] |type=Reprint from "Woodstock Commemorative Edition" |url=http://www.discoverynet.com/~barnes/wsrprnt3.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129132426/http://www.discoverynet.com/~barnes/wsrprnt3.htm |archive-date=January 29, 2010 }}</ref> Radio and television descriptions of the traffic jams eventually discouraged people from setting off to the festival.<ref name=Nowandthen/><ref name="NY Times Aug 16, 1969">{{cite news |last=Collier |first=Barnard L. |title=200,000 Thronging To Rock Festival Jam Roads Upstate |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0715F73C5D1A7B93C4A81783D85F4D8685F9 |newspaper=The New York Times |pages=1, 31 |date=August 16, 1969 |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 23, 2017 |archive-date=January 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105083150/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0715F73C5D1A7B93C4A81783D85F4D8685F9 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Arlo Guthrie]] made an announcement that was included in the film saying that the [[New York State Thruway]] was closed,<ref>{{cite AV media |year=1970 |title=Woodstock |medium=Motion picture |publisher=Warner Brothers }}</ref> although the director of the Woodstock museum said that this did not happen.<ref name="APhappy40th">{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Hill |title=Happy 40th birthday Woodstock baby, if you exist |date=July 17, 2009 |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-us-woodstock-baby-071709-2009jul17-story.html |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] |access-date=July 11, 2019 |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711002342/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-us-woodstock-baby-071709-2009jul17-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> To add to the problems and difficulty in dealing with the large crowds, recent rain had created muddy roads and fields. The facilities were not adequate to provide sanitation or first aid for the number of people attending, and hundreds of thousands found themselves in a struggle against bad weather, food shortages and poor sanitation.<ref>{{cite web |last=Doyle |first=Michael William |url=http://www.woodstockpreservation.org/SignificanceStatement.htm |title=Statement on the Historical and Cultural Significance of the 1969 Woodstock Festival Site |date=September 25, 2001 |website=Woodstock β Preservation Archives |access-date=December 13, 2007 |archive-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412092726/http://woodstockpreservation.org/SignificanceStatement.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The event's security was to be handled by a group of 346 off-duty New York City police officers, but the officers were forced to withdraw when they were warned that they were violating regulations against [[Side job|moonlighting]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 15, 1969 |title=City Cops Quit White Lake |work=[[New York Daily News]] |pages=5 }}</ref> On the morning of Sunday, August 17, New York governor and future vice president [[Nelson Rockefeller]] called festival organizer [[John P. Roberts]] and told him that he was thinking of ordering 10,000 National Guard troops to the festival site, but Roberts persuaded him not to. [[Sullivan County, New York|Sullivan County]] declared a state of emergency.<ref name=Nowandthen/> During the festival, personnel from nearby [[Stewart Air Force Base]] helped to ensure order and air-lifted performers in and out of the site.<ref name=Evans>{{cite book |editor-last=Evans |editor-first=Mike |editor2-last=Kingsbury |editor2-first=Paul |title=Woodstock: Three Days That Rocked the World |year=2010 |publisher=Sterling |location=New York |isbn=978-1402780349 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eO8oChHYDhMC&pg=PA225 }}</ref>{{rp|225}} [[Jimi Hendrix]] was the last to perform at the festival, taking the stage at 8:30 Monday morning after delays caused by the rain. By that point the audience numbers had fallen to about 30,000 from an estimated peak of 450,000. Many left during Hendrix's performance, having waited to catch a glimpse of him.<ref name= ShapiroGlebbeek1995 >{{cite book |first1=Harry |last1=Shapiro |first2=Caesar |last2=Glebbeek |title=Jimi Hendrix, Electric Gypsy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JB1W2dn31rwC&pg=PA384 |year=1995 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-13062-6 |pages=384β85 |access-date=March 12, 2016 |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510133103/https://books.google.com/books?id=JB1W2dn31rwC&pg=PA384#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Hendrix and his new band Gypsy Sun and Rainbows were introduced as [[The Jimi Hendrix Experience|the Experience]], but he corrected this and added: "You could call us a Band of Gypsies".<ref name="Cross">{{cite book |title=Room Full of Mirrors: A Biography of Jimi Hendrix |first=Charles R. |last=Cross |publisher=Hyperion |date=2005 |isbn=978-1-4013-0028-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/roomfullofmirror00cros }}</ref>{{rp|270}} They performed a two-hour set, including his psychedelic rendition of the national anthem, which became "part of the sixties [[Zeitgeist]]" after it was captured in the Woodstock film.<ref name="Cross" />{{rp|272}} {{Quote box | quote = We were ready to rock out and we waited and waited and finally it was our turn ... there were a half million people asleep. These people were out. It was sort of like a painting of a Dante scene, just bodies from hell, all intertwined and asleep, covered with mud. And this is the moment I will never forget as long as I live: A quarter mile away in the darkness, on the other edge of this bowl, there was some guy flicking his Bic, and in the night I hear, "Don't worry about it, John. We're with you." I played the rest of the show for that guy. |source= β[[John Fogerty]] recalling [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]]'s 12:30 a.m. start time at Woodstock<ref name="Bordowitz 2007"/> | bgcolor = #cfd | quoted = 1 | width = 40% | align = right }} The festival was remarkably peaceful given the number of people and the conditions involved, although there were three recorded fatalities: two drug overdoses and another caused when a tractor ran over a 17-year-old sleeping in a nearby hayfield.<ref name="Maranzani">{{cite web |last=Maranzani |first=Barbara |title=10 Things You May Not Know About Woodstock |url=https://www.history.com/news/remembering-richie-havens-ten-things-you-may-not-know-about-woodstock |access-date=August 10, 2022 |website=HISTORY |language=en |archive-date=August 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810180932/https://www.history.com/news/remembering-richie-havens-ten-things-you-may-not-know-about-woodstock |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="50 Facts about Woodstock">{{cite web |date=May 22, 2019 |title=50 Facts about Woodstock |url=https://www.musicianshalloffame.com/50-facts-about-woodstock/ |access-date=August 10, 2022 |website=Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum |language=en-GB |archive-date=July 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729221622/https://www.musicianshalloffame.com/50-facts-about-woodstock/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Births were claimed to have occurred, one in a car caught in traffic and another in hospital after an airlift by helicopter, but extensive research by a book author could not confirm any births.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.greenbiz.com/article/my-search-woodstock-baby |title=My search for the Woodstock baby | GreenBiz |website=www.greenbiz.com |date=July 2009 |access-date=August 10, 2022 |archive-date=July 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711144307/https://www.greenbiz.com/article/my-search-woodstock-baby |url-status=live }}</ref> Several miscarriages were reported (sources range from four to eight)<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news |first=Barnard L. |last=Collier |url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0817.html |title=Tired Rock Fans Begin Exodus |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 18, 1969 |access-date=February 23, 2017 |archive-date=September 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916200756/http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0817.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Maranzani"/><ref name="50 Facts about Woodstock"/> and over the course of the three days there were 742 drug overdoses.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Engel |first=Currie |date=August 9, 2019 |title=People Were Born and Died at Woodstock. Here Are Their Stories |magazine=Time |url=https://time.com/5641667/woodstock-50-health-care/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101071439/https://time.com/5641667/woodstock-50-health-care/ |archive-date=November 1, 2020 }}</ref> Max Yasgur, who owned the site, spoke of how nearly half a million people had spent the three days with music and peace on their minds. He stated, "If we join them, we can turn those adversities that are the problems of America today into a hope for a brighter and more peaceful future".<ref name="spitz-babylon" />{{page needed|date=August 2020}} ===Sound=== [[File:Woodstock Music and Art Fair.jpg|thumb|Joe Cocker performs on stage at left before crowd and huge lighting/sound towers.]] Sound for the concert was engineered by sound engineer [[Bill Hanley (sound engineer)|Bill Hanley]]. "It worked very well", he said of the event. "I built special speaker columns on the hills and had 16 loudspeaker arrays in a square platform going up to the hill on {{convert|70|foot|adj=on|disp=sqbr}} towers. We set it up for 150,000 to 200,000 people. Of course, 500,000 showed up."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fohonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=579&Itemid=1 |title=Parnelli Innovator Honoree, Father of Festival Sound |magazine=[[Front of House Magazine|Front of House]] |date=September 2006 |access-date=June 24, 2013 |archive-date=September 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930163458/http://www.fohonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=579&Itemid=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Altec Lansing|ALTEC]] designed marine plywood cabinets that weighed half a ton apiece and stood {{convert|6|ft|m}} tall, almost {{convert|4|ft|m}} deep, and {{convert|3|ft|m}} wide. Each of these enclosures carried four {{convert|15|in|mm|adj=on}} [[JBL (company)|JBL]] D140 loudspeakers. The [[tweeter]]s consisted of 4Γ2-Cell & 2Γ10-Cell Altec Horns. Behind the stage were three transformers providing 2,000 [[amperes]] of current to power the amplification setup.<ref>{{cite book |first=Jerry |last=Hopkins |title=Festival! The Book of American Music Celebrations |publisher=Macmillan Publishing |year=1970 |location=New York |isbn=978-0-02-580170-7 }}</ref>{{page needed|date=August 2020}} For many years this system was collectively referred to as ''the Woodstock Bins''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.3rdearmusic.com/hyarchive/hiddenyearsstory/pasafari.html |title=From Live Peace in Toronto to the Thin End of Wedgies in Soweto |website=3rd Ear Music |department=The Hidden Years |access-date=July 30, 2011 |archive-date=January 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128214730/http://www.3rdearmusic.com/hyarchive/hiddenyearsstory/pasafari.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The live performances were captured on two 8-track [[Scully Recording Instruments|Scully]] recorders in a tractor trailer backstage by Edwin Kramer and Lee Osbourne on 1-inch Scotch recording tape at 15[[Inch per second|{{Nbsp}}ips]] (0.38 m/s) then mixed at the [[Record Plant]] studio in New York.<ref name=Billboard2009>{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lCUF-Ml_lBYC&pg=PT22 |page=22 |last=Waddell |first=Ray |title=Peace and Prosperity: How A Three-Day Festival Became A Four-Decade Business |date=August 8, 2009 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |publisher=Nielsen Business Media |volume=121 |number=31 |issn=0006-2510 |access-date=September 30, 2021 |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510133054/https://books.google.com/books?id=lCUF-Ml_lBYC&pg=PT22#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Lighting=== Lighting for the concert was engineered by lighting designer and technical director [[Chip Monck|E.H. Beresford "Chip" Monck]]. Monck was hired to plan and build the staging and lighting, ten weeks of work for which he was paid $7,000 (equivalent to ${{inflation|US|7000|1969|r=-3|fmt=c}} today). Much of his plan had to be scrapped when the promoters were not allowed to use the original location in [[Wallkill, Orange County, New York|Wallkill, New York]]. The stage roof that was constructed in the shorter time available was not able to support the lighting that had been rented, which wound up sitting unused underneath the stage. The only light on the stage was from spotlights.<ref name=HoustonChronicle>{{cite news |last=Campbell |first=Rick |title=Chip Monck: The man who shined light on Woodstock |url=http://blog.chron.com/40yearsafter/2009/08/chip-monck-the-man-who-shined-light-on-woodstock/ |access-date=October 12, 2011 |newspaper=Houston Chronicle |date=August 18, 2009 |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023032407/http://blog.chron.com/40yearsafter/2009/08/chip-monck-the-man-who-shined-light-on-woodstock/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Monck used twelve 1300 Watt [[Super Trouper (spotlight)|Super Trouper]] [[Spotlight (theatre lighting)|follow spots]] rigged on four towers around the stage. The follow spots weighed {{convert|600|lb}} each and were operated by [[spotlight operator]]s who had to climb up on the top of the {{convert|60|ft|adj=mid|m|-high}} lighting towers.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FyyqKcy_ZeMC&q=Follow+Spots+Woodstock&pg=PA278 |page=278 |title=The oral history of Woodstock |author=Joel Mankower |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=9781438429755 |access-date=October 3, 2020 |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510133221/https://books.google.com/books?id=FyyqKcy_ZeMC&q=Follow+Spots+Woodstock&pg=PA278#v=snippet&q=Follow%20Spots%20Woodstock&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> Monck also was drafted just before the concert started as the [[master of ceremonies]] when Michael Lang noticed he had forgotten to hire one. He can be heard and seen in recordings of Woodstock making the stage announcements, including requests to "stay off the towers" and the warning about the "[[Urban legends about drugs#badlsd|brown acid]]".<ref name=HoustonChronicle/> ===Artists=== {{Main|List of performances and events at Woodstock Festival}} Thirty-two acts performed over the course of the four days:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://woodstock.com/lineup/ |title=Woodstock |website=woodstock.com |access-date=July 2, 2015 |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506003645/https://www.woodstock.com/lineup/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Friday, August 15 β Saturday, August 16 |- ! Artist ! Time ! Notes |- |[[Richie Havens]] |5:07 pm β 5:54 pm |Was moved up to the opening performance slot after Sweetwater were stopped by police en route to the festival and other artists were delayed on the freeway. |- |[[Swami Satchidananda Saraswati|Swami Satchidananda]] |5:55 pm β 6:10 pm |Gave the opening speech/invocation for the festival.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://swamisatchidananda.org/woodstock-guru/ |title=Woodstock Guru |work=Sri Swami Satchidananda |access-date=July 2, 2015 |archive-date=December 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205205235/https://swamisatchidananda.org/woodstock-guru/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |[[Sweetwater (band)|Sweetwater]] |6:15 pm β 7:20 pm | |- |[[Bert Sommer]] |7:35 pm β 8:15 pm |Received the festival's first standing ovation after his performance of Simon and Garfunkel's "[[America (Simon & Garfunkel song)|America]]". |- |[[Tim Hardin]] |8:30 pm β 9:35 pm | |- |[[Ravi Shankar]] |12:00 am β 12:40 am |Played through the rain. |- |[[Melanie (singer)|Melanie]] |1:00 am β 1:25 am |Sent onstage for an unscheduled performance after the Incredible String Band declined to perform during the rainstorm. Called back for two encores. |- |[[Arlo Guthrie]] |1:45 am β 2:25 am | |- |[[Joan Baez]] |3:00 am β 4:00 am |Was six months pregnant at the time. |} {| class="wikitable" |+Saturday, August 16 β Sunday, August 17 |- !Artist !style="width:148px"|Time !Notes |- |[[Quill (band)|Quill]] |12:15 pm β 1:00 pm | |- |[[Country Joe McDonald]] |1:00 pm β 1:30 pm |Brought in for an unscheduled emergency solo performance when Santana was not yet ready to take the stage. Joe performed again with the Fish the following day. |- |[[Santana (band)|Santana]] |2:00 pm β 2:45 pm |Carlos Santana claimed he was hallucinating on mescaline throughout most of the performance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tannenbaum |first=Rob |date=August 6, 2019 |title=How Santana Hallucinated Through One of Woodstock's Best Sets (His Own) |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/06/arts/music/santana-woodstock.html |access-date=August 29, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829013002/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/06/arts/music/santana-woodstock.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |[[John Sebastian]] |3:30 pm β 3:55 pm |Sebastian was not on the bill, but rather was attending the festival, and was recruited to perform while the promoters waited for many of the scheduled performers to arrive.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harkins |first=Thomas E. |title=Woodstock FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Fabled Garden |publisher=Backbeat |year=2019 |isbn=978-1617136665 |location=London }}</ref> |- |[[Keef Hartley|Keef Hartley Band]] |4:45 pm β 5:30 pm | |- |[[The Incredible String Band]] |6:00 pm β 6:30 pm |Originally slated to perform on the first day following Ravi Shankar; declined to perform during the rainstorm and were moved to the second day.<ref>For a detailed account by a band member, see Rose Simpson, ''Muse, Odalisque, Handmaiden: A Girl's Life in the Incredible String Band'' (Strange Attractor Press, 2020), pp. 128β44.</ref> |- |[[Canned Heat]] |7:30 pm β 8:45 pm | |- |[[Mountain (band)|Mountain]] |9:00 pm β 10:00 pm |This performance was only their third gig as a band<ref>"West, Leslie." ''Encyclopedia of Popular Music'', 4th ed. Ed. Colin Larkin. ''Oxford Music Online''.Oxford University Press. Web</ref> |- |[[Grateful Dead]] |10:30 pm β 11:50 pm |Their set ended after a 36-minute version of "Turn On Your Love Light". |- |[[Creedence Clearwater Revival]] |12:30 am β 1:20 am | |- |[[Janis Joplin]] with the [[Kozmic Blues Band]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/306112/Janis-Joplin |title=Janis Joplin |date=September 24, 2006 |access-date=October 3, 2008 |encyclopedia=[[EncyclopΓ¦dia Britannica]] |archive-date=April 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428175412/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/306112/Janis-Joplin |url-status=live }}</ref> |2:00 am β 3:00 am | |- |[[Sly and the Family Stone]] |3:30 am β 4:20 am | |- |[[The Who]] |5:00 am β 6:05 am |Briefly interrupted by [[Abbie Hoffman]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1994/08/15/the-woodstock-wars |title=The Woodstock Wars |website=newyorker.com |date=August 8, 1994 |access-date=July 2, 2015 |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417165348/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1994/08/15/the-woodstock-wars |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |[[Jefferson Airplane]] |8:00 am β 9:40 am |Joined onstage on piano by [[Nicky Hopkins]]. |} {| class="wikitable" |+Sunday, August 17 β Monday, August 18 |- !Artist !Time !Notes |- |[[Joe Cocker]] and [[the Grease Band]] |2:00 pm β 3:25 pm |Played "With a Little Help From My Friends".<ref>"Cocker, Joe". ''Encyclopedia of Popular Music'', 4th ed. Colin Larkin (ed.). ''Oxford Music Online''. Oxford University Press.</ref> After Joe Cocker's set, a thunderstorm disrupted the events for several hours. |- |[[Country Joe and the Fish]] |6:30 pm β 7:30 pm |Country Joe McDonald's second performance. |- |[[Ten Years After]] |8:15 pm β 9:15 pm | |- |[[The Band]] |10:00 pm β 10:50 pm |Called back for an encore. |- |[[Johnny Winter]] |12:00 am β 1:05 am |Winter's brother, [[Edgar Winter]], is featured on three songs. Called back for an encore. |- |[[Blood, Sweat & Tears]] |1:30 am β 2:30 am |Declined to participate in documentary film or soundtrack album because of dissatisfaction with the sound quality of their performance.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bethelwoodscenter.org/blog/blood-sweat-tears |last1=Lawrence |first1=Wade |last2=Parker |first2=Scott |title=Blood, Sweat & Tears, 50 Years of Peace & Music |date= |website=www.bethelwoodscenter.org |publisher=Bethel Woods Center for the Arts |access-date=March 22, 2023 |quote= |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327002043/https://www.bethelwoodscenter.org/blog/blood-sweat-tears |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |[[Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young]] |3:00 am β 4:00 am |An acoustic and electric set were played. [[Neil Young]] skipped most of the acoustic set. |- |[[Paul Butterfield|Paul Butterfield Blues Band]] |6:00 am β 7:10 am | |- |[[Sha Na Na]] |7:30 am β 8:00 am |Their 18-year-old guitarist [[Henry Gross]] was the youngest musician performing at the festival.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jay |last=Cridlin |title=Woodstock was a myth. Sha Na Na's Henry Gross, who played before Hendrix, wants to bust it. |url=https://www.tampabay.com/music/woodstock-was-a-myth-sha-na-nas-henry-gross-who-played-before-hendrix-wants-to-bust-it-20190807/ |work=[[Tampa Bay Times]] |date=August 7, 2019 |access-date=May 13, 2025}}</ref> |- |[[Jimi Hendrix]] / Gypsy Sun & Rainbows |9:00 am β 11:00 am | Performed to a last-day crowd of about 40,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bethelwoodscenter.org/news/detail/jimi-hendrix-50-years-of-peace-music |title=Jimi Hendrix: 50 Years of Peace & Music |website=bethelwoodscenter.org |access-date=September 1, 2024 }}</ref> |} ===Declined invitations or missed connections=== * [[The Beatles]] were recording ''[[Abbey Road]]'' at the time and on the verge of [[Break-up of the Beatles|breaking up]]. Promoter [[Michael Lang (producer)|Michael Lang]], realizing the Beatles were not an option, invited [[John Lennon]] and the [[Plastic Ono Band]]. Due to Lennon's position on Vietnam and 1968 drug bust in England, [[Richard Nixon]] and the U.S. government reportedly did not want him in the country. [[Apple Corps]] sent a letter to the promoters offering the Plastic Ono Band, but the letter arrived as promoters were losing the location in [[Wallkill, Orange County, New York|Wallkill]], so distractions did not allow arrangements to be finalized.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/john-lennon-couldnt-play-woodstock-government-not-interested.html |title=Why John Lennon Couldn't Play at Woodstock: 'Our Government Was Not Interested in Having Him' |date=January 10, 2022 |access-date=January 11, 2022 |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111032845/https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/john-lennon-couldnt-play-woodstock-government-not-interested.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[The Jeff Beck Group]] disbanded prior to Woodstock. "I deliberately broke the group up before Woodstock," Beck said. "I didn't want it to be preserved." Beck's piano player [[Nicky Hopkins]] performed with [[Jefferson Airplane]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Carson |first=Annette |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HNSbocYbX6cC&pg=PA96 |title=Jeff Beck: Crazy Fingers |location=San Francisco |publisher=Backbeat Books |year=2001 |page=96 |isbn=9781617744846 }}</ref> * [[Blues Image]] agreed to appear at the Woodstock festival, according to a 2011 interview with percussionist [[Joe Lala]]. Their manager did not want them to go and said, "There's only one road in and it's going to be raining, you don't want to be there". The band instead took a gig at [[Binghamton, New York|Binghamton]].<ref>{{cite interview |interviewer=Ray Shasho |first=Joe |last=Lala |url=http://www.classicrockhereandnow.com/2011/10/unplugged-interview-with-silent-giant.html |title=An Unplugged Interview With The Silent- Giant Of The Music Industry -Joe Lala |website=Classic Rock Here And Now |date=October 7, 2011 |access-date=April 9, 2018 |archive-date=April 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423034518/http://www.classicrockhereandnow.com/2011/10/unplugged-interview-with-silent-giant.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[The Byrds]] were invited but chose not to participate, believing that Woodstock would be no different from any of the other music festivals that summer. There were also concerns about money. Bassist [[John York (musician)|John York]] later said, "We had no idea what it was going to be. We were burned out and tired of the festival scene."<ref>{{cite book |first=Johnny |last=Rogan |title=The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited |publisher=Rogan House, London |page=293 |isbn=978-0-9529540-1-9 |year=1997 }}</ref> * [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]] had initially been signed to play at Woodstock, but they had a contract with concert promoter [[Bill Graham (promoter)|Bill Graham]] which allowed him to move their concerts at the [[Fillmore West]]. He rescheduled some of their dates to August 17, thus forcing them to back out of the concert. Graham did so to ensure that [[Santana (band)|Santana]] would take their slot at the festival, as he managed them as well.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cetera lends voice to SuperPops opener |url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2008/sep/21/cetera-lends-voice-to-superpops-opener/ |newspaper=[[The Spokesman-Review]] |date=September 21, 2008 |department=Features |access-date=July 24, 2012 |archive-date=November 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107010527/http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2008/sep/21/cetera-lends-voice-to-superpops-opener/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Eric Clapton]] wanted English supergroup [[Blind Faith]] to play the festival, which occurred during their only tour, but was outvoted by the rest of the group.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Welch |first=Chris |year=2016 |title=ClaptonβUpdated Edition: The Ultimate Illustrated History |publisher=Voyageur Press |isbn= 978-0-760-35019-5|p=139}}</ref> * [[The Doors]] were considered but canceled at the last moment. According to guitarist [[Robby Krieger]], they turned it down because they thought that it would be a "second class repeat of [[Monterey Pop Festival]]" and later regretted that decision.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doors.com/ftp/intervws/july3.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715100724/http://www.doors.com/ftp/intervws/july3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 15, 2006 |title=Ray Manzarek and Robby Krieger Live Chat Log-July 3, 1996 |type=Transcript |website=The Doors |date=July 3, 1996 |access-date=July 30, 2011 }}</ref> Other sources claim that lead singer [[Jim Morrison]] "hated playing large outdoor concerts and feared [...] he might be assassinated."<ref name=Evans/>{{rp|228}} Krieger and Doors drummer [[John Densmore]] did attend Woodstock, "though they did not perform."<ref name=Evans/>{{rp|228}} The Doors would later appear at the [[Isle of Wight Festival 1970|1970 Isle of Wight Festival]], and Krieger later made a guest performance with [[post-grunge]] band [[Creed (band)|Creed]] at the ill-fated [[Woodstock '99]]. * [[Bob Dylan]] lived in the town of Woodstock but never seriously negotiated to appear. Instead, he signed in mid-July to play the [[Isle of Wight Festival 1969|1969 Isle of Wight Festival]] on August 31. He intended to travel to England on ''[[Queen Elizabeth 2]]'' on August 15, the day that the Woodstock Festival started, but his son was injured by a cabin door and the family disembarked. Dylan and his wife Sara flew to England the following week. [[The Band]] accompanied him during his Isle of Wight appearance.<ref>{{cite book |first=Bob |last=Dylan |title=Chronicles Volume One |page=116 |isbn=978-0-7435-4309-5 }}</ref> * [[Free (band)|Free]] was asked to perform and declined,<ref name="Passing On Woodstock: Who and Why"/> although they did perform at the Isle of Wight Festival a week later. * [[The Guess Who]] were invited to perform and declined, according to former band member [[Randy Bachman]]. However, vocalist [[Burton Cummings]] later confirmed that there was no such invitation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cr5OmULydSU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/Cr5OmULydSU |archive-date=December 11, 2021 |url-status=live |title=Why did The Guess Who miss Woodstock? |website=YouTube |date=November 26, 2019 |access-date=May 16, 2020}}{{cbignore }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Robert Lawson on Stevie Van Zandt: Toronto Mike'd Podcast Episode 1570 |url=https://www.torontomike.com/2024/10/robert-lawson-toronto-miked-podcast-episode-1570/ |website=TorontoMike.com |date=October 24, 2024 |access-date=October 26, 2024 |first=Mike |last=Boon }}</ref> * [[Iron Butterfly]] was booked to appear, and is listed on the Woodstock poster for a Sunday performance, but could not perform because they were stuck at [[LaGuardia Airport]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.woodstockstory.com/original-woodstock-wallkill-poster.html |title=Original Woodstock Wallkill Poster |website=Woodstock Story |access-date=July 30, 2013 |archive-date=June 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622123845/http://www.woodstockstory.com/original-woodstock-wallkill-poster.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Production Coordinator John Morris, "They sent me a telegram saying, 'We will arrive at LaGuardia. You will have helicopters pick us up. We will fly straight to the show. We will perform immediately, and then we will be flown out.' And I picked up the phone and called Western Union ... And [my telegram] said: For reasons I can't go into / Until you are here / Clarifying your situation / Knowing you are having problems / You will have to find /Other transportation /Unless you plan not to come.'"<ref>{{cite book |last=Fornatale |first=Pete |title=Back to the Garden: The Story of Woodstock |chapter=Sweetwater |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VmcbZdbNcW4C&pg=PA54 |access-date=August 17, 2017 |pages=54β55 |isbn=978-1-4165-9119-1 |date=June 23, 2009 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510133152/https://books.google.com/books?id=VmcbZdbNcW4C&pg=PA54#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[It's a Beautiful Day]] had a verbal agreement with Michael Lang to perform at the festival. Violinist and band leader [[David LaFlamme]] said their manager Bill Graham wanted Santana, who he also managed to play the festival instead. Lang and Graham agreed to flip a coin to decide which band would play, Graham won, and Santana performed instead.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Iwasaki |first1=Scott |title=It's a Beautiful Day will burst onto the Egyptian Theatre stage |url=https://www.parkrecord.com/entertainment/its-a-beautiful-day-will-burst-onto-the-egyptian-theatre-stage/ |website=Park Record |access-date=October 26, 2023 |date=October 8, 2014 |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026192747/https://www.parkrecord.com/entertainment/its-a-beautiful-day-will-burst-onto-the-egyptian-theatre-stage/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Thompson |first1=Dave |title=It's a Beautiful Day β interview with David LaFlamme |url=https://www.goldminemag.com/features/beautiful-day-interview-david-laflamme |website=Goldmine Magazine |date=July 28, 2016 |access-date=October 26, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=October 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026192902/https://www.goldminemag.com/features/beautiful-day-interview-david-laflamme |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Tommy James and the Shondells]] claimed to have declined an invitation. James stated: "We could have just kicked ourselves. We were in Hawaii, and my secretary called and said, 'Yeah, listen, there's this pig farmer in upstate New York that wants you to play in his field.' That's how it was put to me. So we passed, and we realized what we'd missed a couple of days later."<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Tommy James and the Shondells: Anthology |pages=8, 12 |publisher=Rhino Records Inc. |id=R2 70920 }}</ref> * [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]] also declined. According to [[Ian Anderson]], he knew that it would be a big event, but he did not want to go because he did not like hippies and had other concerns, including inappropriate nudity, heavy drinking, and drug use.<ref>{{cite web |last=Moraski |first=Lauren |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/acts-that-almost-made-it-to-woodstock/2/ |website=CBS News |title=Acts that almost made it to Woodstock |date=August 15, 2014 |access-date=August 15, 2014 |archive-date=August 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817201942/http://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/acts-that-almost-made-it-to-woodstock/2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Led Zeppelin]] were asked to perform. Their manager [[Peter Grant (music manager)|Peter Grant]] stated: "I said no because at Woodstock we'd have just been another band on the bill."<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=Dave |title=Led Zeppelin: The Concert File |publisher=Omnibus Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7119-5307-9 }}</ref> * [[Lighthouse (band)|Lighthouse]] declined to perform at Woodstock.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bush |first=John |url=https://allmusic.com/artist/lighthouse-p11052/biography |title=Lighthouse Artist Biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=July 31, 2013 |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510133717/https://www.allmusic.com/user/nav?1715348237138#biography |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Love (band)|Arthur Lee and Love]] declined an invitation, in part due to turmoil within the band.<ref name="Passing On Woodstock: Who and Why"/> * [[Mind Garage]] declined because they thought that the festival would be a minor event, and they had a higher paying gig elsewhere.<ref name="Passing On Woodstock: Who and Why"/> * [[Joni Mitchell]] was originally slated to perform, but canceled at the urging of her manager to avoid missing a scheduled appearance on ''[[The Dick Cavett Show]]''. She later composed the song "Woodstock" inspired by what she saw on television.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.salon.com/people/bc/2000/04/04/mitchell |work=Salon.com |date=April 4, 2000 |title=Joni Mitchell |first=Frank |last=Houston |access-date=April 9, 2011 |archive-date=February 1, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201072806/http://www.salon.com/people/bc/2000/04/04/mitchell |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Joni-Come-Lately |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/nydn-features/joni-come-lately-article-1.804425 |newspaper=Daily News |first=Jim |last=Farber |date=August 13, 1998 |access-date=July 31, 2013 |archive-date=February 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202104153/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/nydn-features/joni-come-lately-article-1.804425 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Essra Mohawk]] was scheduled to perform at the festival, but her driver took a wrong turn on the way. "We got there in time to see the last verse of the last song of the last act of the first night, and then the stage went dark before we got to it from the parking lot," she recalled in a 2009 video interview.<ref>[https://deadline.com/2023/12/essra-mohawk-dead-singer-songwriter-was-75-1235681205.html Essra Mohawk Dies: Singer-Songwriter Who Performed With Frank Zappa, Jerry Garcia, But Missed Woodstock Was 75]{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Retrieved December 27, 2023</ref> * [[The Moody Blues]] were included on the original Wallkill poster as performers, but they backed out after being booked in Paris the same weekend.<ref name="Passing On Woodstock: Who and Why">{{cite web |title=Passing On Woodstock: Who and Why |url=http://www.woodstockstory.com/passingperformersbands.html |website=Woodstock Story |access-date=April 15, 2009 |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417160937/http://www.woodstockstory.com/passingperformersbands.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Poco (band)|Poco]] were offered a chance to perform at the festival, but their manager turned it down for a concert at a Los Angeles school gymnasium.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.courant.com/hc-xpm-2012-11-16-hc-poco-1116-20121116-story.html |title=Poco Performs at Iron Horse |website=Courant |date=November 16, 2012 |access-date=May 18, 2021 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709060149/https://www.courant.com/hc-xpm-2012-11-16-hc-poco-1116-20121116-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Procol Harum]] were invited, but refused because Woodstock fell at the end of a long tour and also coincided with the due date of guitarist [[Robin Trower]]'s baby.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apush-xl.com/WoodstockSG.html |title=Woodstock Music and Art Fair |website=Advanced Placement American History |access-date=July 31, 2013 |archive-date=January 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114200238/http://apush-xl.com/WoodstockSG.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[The Rascals]] were invited to play, but declined because they were in the middle of recording a new album.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.therascalsarchives.com/history/essay.htm |title=About The Rascals |website=www.therascalsarchives.com |access-date=August 19, 2019 |archive-date=September 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908205314/https://www.therascalsarchives.com/history/essay.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Raven (American band)|Raven]] turned down an invitation to play because they played at one of the [[Woodstock Sound-Outs]] the year before and it did not go well.<ref>Angelo, Marty, Once Life Matters: A New Beginning (Impact Publishers, 2005β2006), {{ISBN|0-9618954-4-6 }}</ref> * [[Roy Rogers]] was asked to close the festival with "[[Happy Trails (song)|Happy Trails]]", but he declined.<ref name="Dufour 2012">{{cite news |url=http://washingtonexaminer.com/woodstock-producer-roy-rogers-not-hendrix-could-have-closed/article/133516 |title=Woodstock producer: Roy Rogers, not Hendrix, could have closed |newspaper=Washington Examiner |first=Jeff |last=Dufour |date=March 16, 2012 |access-date=July 4, 2013 |archive-date=February 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219150236/http://washingtonexaminer.com/woodstock-producer-roy-rogers-not-hendrix-could-have-closed/article/133516 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[The Rolling Stones]] were invited, but declined because [[Mick Jagger]] was in Australia filming ''[[Ned Kelly (1970 film)|Ned Kelly]]'', and [[Keith Richards]]' girlfriend [[Anita Pallenberg]] had just given birth to their son Marlon.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/woodstock-who-didnt-play/ |title=10 Rock Stars Who Didn't Play Woodstock |first=Nick |last=Deriso |date=August 15, 2014 |work=[[Ultimate Classic Rock]] |access-date=August 17, 2019 |archive-date=August 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817132747/https://ultimateclassicrock.com/woodstock-who-didnt-play/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Simon & Garfunkel]] declined the invitation, as they were working on their [[Bridge over Troubled Water|new album]].<ref>Joe Morella et Patricia Barey, Simon & Garfunkel: Old Friends, Carol Pub. Group, 1991, 261 p. ({{ISBN|1559720891}})</ref> * [[Spirit (band)|Spirit]] also declined an invitation to play, as they already had shows planned and wanted to play those instead, not knowing how big Woodstock would be.<ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Clear |year=1969 }}</ref> * [[Steel Mill]], [[Bruce Springsteen]]'s then band, was reportedly offered a slot but was already booked.<ref>{{cite book |last=Carlin |first=Peter Ames |title=Bruce |url=https://archive.org/details/bruce0000carl_f9l2/mode/2up |location=New York |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4391-9182-8 }}</ref> * [[Strawberry Alarm Clock]] declined an invitation because they did not think Woodstock would be "that big of a deal".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blues.gr/profiles/blogs/interview-gene-gunnels-drummer-strawberry-alarm-clock |title=An Interview with drummer Gene Gunnels of Strawberry Alarm Clock: Live life to the fullest without regrets |last=Limnios |first=Michael |date=July 24, 2013 |website=Blues.Gr |access-date=July 17, 2021 |archive-date=June 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625162712/http://blues.gr/profiles/blogs/interview-gene-gunnels-drummer-strawberry-alarm-clock |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Zager and Evans]] were invited to play Woodstock and appear on ''American Bandstand'', but Rick Evans was injured by a drunk driver in a crash.<ref>[https://journalstar.com/news/local/drummer-on-only-no-1-hit-to-come-out-of-lincoln-dies-at-72/article_2ee508e3-529c-5320-aad0-8fd8671fa73d.html Drummer on only No. 1 hit to come out of Lincoln dies at 72] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617071108/https://journalstar.com/news/local/drummer-on-only-no-1-hit-to-come-out-of-lincoln-dies-at-72/article_2ee508e3-529c-5320-aad0-8fd8671fa73d.html |date=June 17, 2020 }}, L. Kent Wolgamott, ''[[Lincoln Journal Star]]'', November 19, 2015, accessed June 17, 2020.</ref> * [[Frank Zappa]] was then with [[The Mothers of Invention]]; he said, "A lot of mud at Woodstock ... We were invited to play there, we turned it down."<ref name="Passing On Woodstock: Who and Why"/> ===Media coverage=== [[File:6908-woodstock-ad.jpg|thumb|upright|Magazine advertisement promoting the Woodstock Music & Art Fair's "Aquarian Exposition", to be held in Wallkill, NY]] Very few reporters from outside the immediate area were on the scene. During the first few days of the festival, national media coverage emphasized the problems. Front-page headlines in the ''[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]'' read "Traffic Uptight at Hippiefest" and "Hippies Mired in a Sea of Mud". The ''[[New York Times]]'' ran an editorial titled "Nightmare in the Catskills", which read in part, "The dreams of marijuana and rock music that drew 300,000 fans and hippies to the Catskills had little more sanity than the impulses that drive the [[Lemming#Misconceptions|lemmings]] to march to their deaths in the sea. They ended in a nightmare of mud and stagnation ... What kind of culture is it that can produce so colossal a mess?"<ref>The 60s: The Story of a Decade, The New Yorker, Random House, 2016, p. 231</ref> Coverage became more positive by the end of the festival, in part because the parents of concertgoers called the media and told them, based on their children's phone calls, that their reporting was misleading.<ref name=Nowandthen>{{cite AV media |title=Woodstock Now & Then |work=[[VH1]] |url=http://www.vh1.com/shows/vh1_rock_docs/episode.jhtml?episodeID=156466 |year=2009 |type=Documentary |access-date=July 31, 2013 |archive-date=August 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822000147/http://www.vh1.com/shows/vh1_rock_docs/episode.jhtml?episodeID=156466 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=BacktotheGarden/>{{page needed|date=August 2020}} ''[[The New York Times]]'' covered the prelude to the festival and the move from Wallkill to Bethel.<ref name="Timesjuly"/> Barnard Collier, who reported from the event for ''The New York Times'', asserted that he was pressured by on-duty editors at the paper to write a misleadingly negative article about the event. According to Collier, this led to acrimonious discussions and his threat to refuse to write the article until the paper's executive editor, [[James Reston]], agreed to let him write the article as he saw fit. The eventual article dealt with issues of traffic jams and minor lawbreaking, but went on to emphasize cooperation, generosity, and the good nature of the festival goers.<ref name=Nowandthen/><ref name=BacktotheGarden>{{cite book |title=Back to the Garden: The Story of Woodstock |first=Pete |last=Fornatale |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=2009 |isbn=9781416591191 }}</ref>{{page needed|date=August 2020}} When the festival was over, Collier wrote another article about the exodus of fans from the festival site and the lack of violence at the event. The chief medical officer for the event and several local residents were quoted as praising the festival goers.<ref name="nytimes" /><ref>"{{cite book |editor-first=Andy |editor-last=Bennett |first=Simon |last=Warner |title=Remembering Woodstock |chapter=Reporting Woodstock: Some contemporary press reflections on the festival |location=Aldershot, UK |publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]] |date=May 2004 |isbn=0-7546-0714-3 |pages=57β64 }}</ref> [[Middletown, Orange County, New York|Middletown, New York's]] ''[[Times Herald-Record]]'', the only local daily newspaper, editorialized against the law that banned the festival from Wallkill. During the festival, a rare Saturday edition was published. The paper had the only phone line running out of the site, and it used a motorcyclist to get stories and pictures from the impassable crowd to the newspaper's office {{convert|35|mi}} away in Middletown.<ref name="Tiber 1994-1" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Romm |first=Ethel Grodzins |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ethel-grodzins-romm/sex-drugs-rock-n-roll-in_b_259934.html |title=Sex, Drugs, Rock 'N Roll in Redneck Country |website=[[The Huffington Post]] |date=August 15, 2009 |access-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317114557/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ethel-grodzins-romm/sex-drugs-rock-n-roll-in_b_259934.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090814%2FENTERTAIN2302%2F908149947%2F-1%2FNEWS |title=In His Own Words: The 'Record' on Woodstock |first=David E. |last=Romm |newspaper=[[The Times Herald-Record]] |date=August 14, 2009 |access-date=July 30, 2011 |archive-date=November 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103005640/https://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090814%2FENTERTAIN2302%2F908149947%2F-1%2FNEWS |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/section?Category=ENTERTAIN2302 |title=Woodstock: Celebrating the 40th Anniversary |newspaper=[[The Times Herald-Record]] |access-date=July 30, 2011 |archive-date=June 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616202215/http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/section?Category=ENTERTAIN2302 |url-status=live}}{{failed verification |date=July 2013 }}</ref> ''[[East Village Other]]'' reported, before ''Woodstock Music and Arts Fair'' in the 14 August 1969 issue, and after the event in the 20 August 1969 issue.<ref>{{cite web |title=14 August 1969 'East Village Other' - Woodstock |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/188102582@N05/53688508775/ |website=flickr |access-date=4 April 2025 |date=29 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=20 August 1969 'The East Village Other' Woodstock |url=https://www.celticguitarmusic.com/woodstockother.htm |website=www.celticguitarmusic.com |access-date=4 April 2025}}</ref> ==Releases== ===Films=== ====1970 documentary==== {{Main|Woodstock (film)}} The documentary film ''[[Woodstock (film)|Woodstock]]'', directed by [[Michael Wadleigh]] and edited by a crew headed by [[Thelma Schoonmaker]], was released in March 1970. [[Artie Kornfeld]] (one of the promoters of the festival) went to [[Fred Weintraub]], an executive at [[Warner Bros.]], and asked for money to film the festival. Kornfeld had been turned down everywhere else, but against the express wishes of other Warner Bros. executives, Weintraub put his job on the line and gave Kornfeld $100,000 (equivalent to ${{inflation|US|100000|1969|r=-4|fmt=c}} today) to make the film. ''Woodstock'' helped to save Warner Bros. at a time when the company was on the verge of going out of business. The book ''[[Easy Riders, Raging Bulls]]'' details the making of the film. Wadleigh rounded up a crew of about 100 from the New York film scene. With no money to pay the crew, he agreed to a double-or-nothing scheme, in which the crew would receive double pay if the film succeeded and nothing if it bombed. Wadleigh strove to make the film as much about the hippies as the music, listening to their feelings about compelling events contemporaneous with the festival (such as the [[Vietnam War]]), as well as the views of the townspeople.<ref name="geocities">{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/~music-festival/how-w2.htm |title=How Woodstock Came To Be ... (continued) |access-date=April 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020106071119/http://www.geocities.com/~music-festival/how-w2.htm |archive-date=January 6, 2002 }}</ref> ''Woodstock'' received the [[Academy Award for Documentary Feature]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/BasicSearchInput.jsp |title=The Official Academy Awards Database |website=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |access-date=July 30, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921143432/http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/BasicSearchInput.jsp |archive-date=September 21, 2008 }}</ref> In 1996, the film was inducted into the [[Library of Congress]] [[National Film Registry]]. In 1994, ''Woodstock: The Director's Cut'' was released and expanded to include Janis Joplin as well as additional performances by Jefferson Airplane, Jimi Hendrix, and Canned Heat not seen in the original version of the film. In 2009, the expanded 40th Anniversary Edition was released on DVD. This release marked the film's first availability on [[Blu-ray]]. ====Other films==== ''Woodstock Diaries'' was produced by [[D. A. Pennebaker]] in 1994 as a three-part TV documentary miniseries. It was intended to commemorate Woodstock's 25th anniversary and included rare performances and interviews with many of the concert's producers, including Joel Rosenman, John Roberts and Michael Lang.<ref name=Weiner/> ''[[Live at Woodstock (Jimi Hendrix album)|Jimi Hendrix: Live at Woodstock]]'' was produced in 2005 as two-disc set that included all available footage of Hendrix's Woodstock performance in two different edits. The release also included a mini-documentary with members of Hendrix's band, and footage of a September 1969 news conference where he discussed his Woodstock set.<ref name=Weiner/> ''[[Taking Woodstock]]'' was produced in 2009 by Taiwanese American filmmaker [[Ang Lee]].<ref name="takingwoodstock">{{IMDb title|qid=Q696652|id=tt1127896|title=Taking Woodstock }}</ref> Lee practically rented out the entire town of [[New Lebanon, New York]], to shoot the film. He was initially concerned with not angering the locals, but they ended up being very welcoming and willing to help.<ref name=Karen>{{cite news |last1=Schoemer |first1=Karen |title=Turn on, Tune in, Turn Back the Clock |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/23/movies/23scho.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |work=The New York Times |date=August 21, 2009 |access-date=December 2, 2014 |archive-date=March 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320172017/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/23/movies/23scho.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> The movie is based on [[Elliot Tiber]], played by [[Demetri Martin]], and his role in bringing Woodstock to Bethel, New York. The film also starred [[Jonathan Groff]] as [[Michael Lang (producer)|Michael Lang]], Daniel Eric Gold as Joel Rosenman, and [[Henry Goodman]] and [[Imelda Staunton]] as [[Jake Teichberg|Jake]] and [[Sonia Teichberg]].<ref name=Synopsis>{{cite web |title=Synopsis |url=http://www.focusfeatures.com/taking_woodstock/synopsis |website=Focus Features |access-date=December 2, 2014 |archive-date=March 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320043945/http://www.focusfeatures.com/taking_woodstock/synopsis |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Woodstock: Three Days That Defined a Generation'' is a documentary by Barak Goodman, produced in 2019 by [[PBS]]. It focused on Woodstock's social and political context and contained previously unseen footage supplemented by voice-over anecdotes from people at the festival. It focused more on the scenes in the crowd (and around the country) than on the stage.<ref name=Weiner/> ''Creating Woodstock'' was directed by Mick Richards and produced in 2019. It looked at how the festival came together, with interviews with producers clarifying some of Woodstock's myths and what it took to get many performers to attend. (Janis Joplin, for example, apparently required a personal supply of strawberries.)<ref name=Weiner/> ===Albums=== ====Soundtrack albums and 25th anniversary releases==== Two soundtrack albums were released. The first, ''[[Woodstock: Music from the Original Soundtrack and More]]'', was a 3-[[LP record|LP]] (later 2-CD) album containing a sampling of one or two songs by most of the acts who performed. A year later, ''[[Woodstock 2]]'' was released as a 2-LP album. Both albums included recordings of stage announcements (many by Production Coordinator John Morris, e.g., "[We're told] that the brown acid is not specifically too good", "Hey, if you think really hard, maybe we can stop this rain") and crowd noises (i.e., the rain chant) between songs. In August 1994, a third album, ''[[Woodstock Diary]]'' was released, containing music not included on the earlier two albums.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goldminemag.com/reviews/revisiting-woodstocks-original-soundtrack-release |author=Lee Zimmerman |title=Revisiting Woodstock's original soundtrack release |date=August 14, 2019 |website=Goldmine |publisher= |access-date=November 15, 2021 |quote= |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115051053/https://www.goldminemag.com/reviews/revisiting-woodstocks-original-soundtrack-release |url-status=live }}</ref> Tracks from all three albums, as well as numerous additional, previously unreleased performances from the festival (but not the stage announcements and crowd noises) were reissued by Atlantic, also in August 1994, as a four compact disc [[box set]] titled ''[[Woodstock: Three Days of Peace and Music]]''.<ref name = Weiner>{{cite news |last=Weiner |first=Natalie |date=August 9, 2019 |title=How to Relive Woodstock From the Comfort of Your Couch |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/09/arts/music/woodstock-movies-albums-books.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=November 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108032218/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/09/arts/music/woodstock-movies-albums-books.html |url-status=live }}</ref> An album titled ''[[Woodstock (Jimi Hendrix album)|Jimi Hendrix: Woodstock]]'' was also released in August 1994, featuring only selected recordings of Jimi Hendrix at the festival.<ref name=Weiner/> ====30th anniversary releases==== In July 1999, [[MCA Records]] released ''[[Live at Woodstock (Jimi Hendrix album)|Live at Woodstock]]'', an expanded, [[compact disc|double disc]] set featuring nearly every song of Hendrix's performance, omitting just two pieces that were sung by his rhythm guitarist [[Larry Lee (musician)|Larry Lee]].<ref name=Weiner/> ====40th anniversary releases==== In June 2009, complete performances from Woodstock by [[Santana (band)|Santana]], [[Janis Joplin]], [[Sly & the Family Stone]], [[Jefferson Airplane]], and [[Johnny Winter]] were released separately by [[Legacy Recordings|Legacy]]/[[Sony Music Entertainment|SME Records]], and were also collected in a box set titled ''[[The Woodstock Experience]]''.<ref name=Weiner/> In August 2009, [[Rhino Records|Rhino]]/[[Atlantic Records]] issued a six-disc box set titled ''[[Woodstock 40 Years On: Back To Yasgur's Farm]]'', which included further musical performances as well as stage announcements and other ancillary material.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Woodstockβ40 Years On: Back to Yasgur's Farm boxed set |website=[[Rhino Entertainment]] |access-date=August 16, 2009 |date=June 5, 2009 |url=http://www.rhino.com/rzine/pressrelease.lasso?PRID=628 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905043240/http://www.rhino.com/rzine/pressrelease.lasso?PRID=628 |archive-date=September 5, 2009 }}</ref> In October 2009, [[Joe Cocker]] released ''[[Live at Woodstock (Joe Cocker album)|Live at Woodstock]]'', a live album of his entire Woodstock set. The album contains eleven tracks, ten of which were previously unreleased.<ref name=Weiner/> ====50th anniversary releases==== On August 2, 2019, the Rhino/Atlantic released ''[[Woodstock β Back to the Garden: The Definitive 50th Anniversary Archive]]'', a massive 38 disc, 36-hour, 432-song completists' audio box set of nearly every note played at the original 1969 Woodstock festival (including 276 songs that were previously unreleased), a "CD collection [co-produced for Rhino by archivist [[Andy Zax]]] that lays the '69 fest out in chronological order, from the first stage announcements to muddy farewells." The only things missing from this 38-CD edition were two [[Jimi Hendrix]] songs that his estate did not believe were up to the required standard and some of [[Sha Na Na]]'s music that missed being captured on tape. Because of various production and warehousing issues, the release of the box set was delayed, causing a backlash and dissatisfaction toward Rhino and Warner Music.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} More condensed versions β [[Woodstock β Back to the Garden: 50th Anniversary Experience|a ten disc deluxe set]] and [[Woodstock β Back to the Garden: 50th Anniversary Collection|a three disc or five LP sampler set]] β were also released. The full version was limited to a run of only 1,969 copies.<ref name="rhino.com Woodstock 50th Anniversary Box Set">{{cite web |url=https://www.rhino.com/woodstock50 |title=Coming This Summer WoodstockβBack to the Garden: The Definitive 50th Anniversary Archive |date=June 2019 |website=[[Rhino Records]] |access-date=June 9, 2019 |archive-date=June 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612031309/https://www.rhino.com/woodstock50 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="rollingstone.com Woodstock 50th Anniversary Box Set">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/woodstock-box-set-829716/ |title=Back to an Even Bigger Garden: Massive Woodstock Box Set Planned for August |author=David Browne |date=May 8, 2019 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=June 9, 2019 |archive-date=June 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602213004/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/woodstock-box-set-829716/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Variety Woodstock 50th Anniversary Box Set">{{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2019/music/news/woodstock-69-getting-a-completists-38-disc-36-hour-box-set-for-50th-anniversary-1203208762/ |title=Woodstock '69 Getting a Completists' 38-Disc, 36-Hour Box Set for 50th Anniversary |author=Chris Willman |date=May 8, 2019 |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=June 9, 2019 |archive-date=June 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609000133/https://variety.com/2019/music/news/woodstock-69-getting-a-completists-38-disc-36-hour-box-set-for-50th-anniversary-1203208762/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NME Woodstock 50th Anniversary Box Set">{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/biggest-compilation-ever-433-songs-played-woodstock-released-epic-38-disc-box-set-2487175/amp |title=All 433 songs played at Woodstock to be released in epic 38-disc box set |author=Andrew Trendell |date=May 13, 2019 |website=[[New Musical Express]] |access-date=June 9, 2019 |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510133631/https://www.nme.com/news/music/amplifier-1353565 |url-status=live }}</ref> Also released in 2019 was ''[[Live at Woodstock (Creedence Clearwater Revival album)|Live at Woodstock]]'', an official album of all 11 songs played by Creedence Clearwater Revival, from "[[Born on the Bayou]]" to "[[Bad Moon Rising]]" and "[[Proud Mary]]". John Fogerty had originally thought the band's performance was unworthy, but this album was finally released both on CD and as a double vinyl LP.<ref name=Weiner/> ==Aftermath== [[File:Woodstockpla.jpg|thumb|right|Peace and Music Woodstock monument with plaques by sculptor Wayne C. Saward and erected in 1984 on the festival site (note that [[John Sebastian]]'s surname is misspelled as "Sabastian" and [[Bert Sommer]]'s name is missing)<ref>{{cite news |last=Graff |first=Gary |agency=[[Knight-Ridder]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5IQjAAAAIBAJ&pg=4053%2C2688165 |title=Love was the word but what was the truth? |newspaper=[[The Day (New London)|The Day]] |location=New London, Connecticut |date=August 13, 1989 |pages=D1βD2 |access-date=March 27, 2020 |archive-date=March 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303070430/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5IQjAAAAIBAJ&pg=4053,2688165 |url-status=live }}</ref>]] In the years immediately following the festival, Woodstock co-producers John Roberts and Joel Rosenman, along with Robert Pilpel, wrote ''Young Men with Unlimited Capital: The Inside Story of the Legendary Woodstock Festival Told By The Two People Who Paid for It'', a book about the events behind the scenes during the production of the Woodstock Festival.<ref name="Inside Story Woodstock">{{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=John |last2=Rosenman |first2=Joel |last3=Pilpel |first3=Robert H. |author1-link=Joel Rosenman |author2-link=John Roberts |author3-link=Robert Pilpel |title=Young Men with Unlimited Capital: The Inside Story of the Legendary Woodstock Festival Told By The Two People Who Paid for It |date=1974 |publisher=[[Harcourt Brace Jovanovich]] |location=New York |isbn=9780151559770 |edition=1st |oclc=922819 }}</ref> Bethel voters did not re-elect Supervisor Amatucci in an election held in November 1969 because of his role in bringing the festival to the town and the upset attributed to some residents.<ref>[http://www.scnyhistory.org/index.php/history/general-history/713-how-woodstock-happened ''How Woodstock Happened...'', Sullivan County Historical Society] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225223037/http://www.scnyhistory.org/index.php/history/general-history/713-how-woodstock-happened |date=February 25, 2021 }}; [http://www.town.bethel.ny.us/uploads/1969_Catskill_Shopper_Ad.pdf ''Catskill Shopper'' ad, Oct. 1, 1969] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712155029/http://www.town.bethel.ny.us/uploads/1969_Catskill_Shopper_Ad.pdf |date=July 12, 2019 }}</ref> Although accounts vary, it was decided by only a small margin of between six and fifty votes.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FyyqKcy_ZeMC&dq=amatucci+woodstock+votes&pg=PA329 ''Woodstock: The Oral History'', p. 329] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510133720/https://books.google.com/books?id=FyyqKcy_ZeMC&pg=PA329&lpg=PA329&dq=amatucci+woodstock+votes#v=onepage&q=amatucci%20woodstock%20votes&f=false |date=May 10, 2024 }}; [http://www.scdemocratonline.com/Resources/Pictures/News/Web/ArticleImages/121216108.pdf ''National Register of Historic Places Registration Form'', p. 63 (Section8, page 45)] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712155026/http://www.scdemocratonline.com/Resources/Pictures/News/Web/ArticleImages/121216108.pdf |date=July 12, 2019 }}; [http://ronhelfsblog.blogspot.com/2013/04/what-can-hippie-contribute-to-our.html ''Ron Helfrich Blog'' at note 33 (citing ''The Monticello (NY) Republican Watchman'', November 6, p. 1; ''Monticello (NY) Evening News'', November 13, 1969, p. 4; ''The Liberty (NY) Register'', November 6, 1969, p. 1)] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709203614/http://ronhelfsblog.blogspot.com/2013/04/what-can-hippie-contribute-to-our.html |date=July 9, 2019 }}</ref> The [[New York State Legislature]] and the Town of Bethel also enacted mass gathering laws designed to prevent any more festivals from occurring. Approximately 80 lawsuits were filed against Woodstock Ventures, primarily by farmers in the area. The movie financed settlements and paid off the $1.4 million of debt (equivalent to ${{inflation|US|1.4|1969|r=1|fmt=c}} million today) Roberts and Rosenman had incurred from the festival.<ref name=Nowandthen/><ref>{{cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Rachel |title=Woodstock Was Almost The Fyre Festival Of Its Day |url=https://magazine.vinylmeplease.com/magazine/woodstock-fyre-festival/ |work=vinylmeplease.com |date=August 14, 2019 |access-date=October 19, 2021 |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019044636/https://magazine.vinylmeplease.com/magazine/woodstock-fyre-festival/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Max Yasgur refused to rent out his farm for a 1970 revival of the festival, saying, "As far as I know, I'm going back to running a dairy farm." Yasgur died in 1973.<ref name="Timesobit">{{cite news |title=Max Yasgur Dies; Woodstock Festival Was on His Farm |date=February 9, 1973 |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F06E0DB1730E63ABC4852DFB4668388669EDE&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fW%2fWoodstock%20Music%20Festivals |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=July 4, 2013 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=October 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013203901/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F06E0DB1730E63ABC4852DFB4668388669EDE&n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FSubjects%2FW%2FWoodstock%20Music%20Festivals |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1984, at the original festival site, land owners Louis Nicky and June Gelish put up a monument marker with plaques called "Peace and Music" by a local sculptor from nearby [[Bloomingburg, New York|Bloomingburg]], Wayne C. Saward.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=18323 |title=Woodstock Music and Arts Fair monument |website=The Historical Marker Database |access-date=August 1, 2013 |archive-date=November 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116053728/https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=18323 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Attempts were made to prevent people from visiting the site. Its owners spread chicken manure, and during one anniversary, tractors and state police cars formed roadblocks. Twenty thousand people gathered at the site in 1989 during an impromptu 20th anniversary celebration. In 1997 a community group put up a welcoming sign for visitors. Unlike Bethel, the town of Woodstock made several efforts to capitalize on its connection. Bethel's stance eventually changed and the town began to embrace the festival. Efforts were undertaken to forge a link between Bethel and Woodstock.<ref>{{cite news |first=Steve |last=Israel |url=http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090813/ENTERTAIN2302/908130310 |title=Woodstock at 40: A tale of two towns |newspaper=[[Times Herald-Record]] |date=August 13, 2009 |access-date=August 14, 2009 |archive-date=June 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616202246/http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090813/ENTERTAIN2302/908130310 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Legacy== ===Woodstock site today=== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 180 | caption_align = left | width1 = | image1 = Max Yasgurs Farm 2.JPG | alt1 = | caption1 = Max Yasgur's farm in 1999 | width2 = | image2 = Site of the 1969 Woodstock festival concert as it appeared in October 2021.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = Concert site in October 2021, with stage at location of small trees at center-right rear | width3 = | image3 = Museum at Bethel Woods.jpg | alt3 = | caption3 = Museum at Bethel Woods }} The field and the stage area remain preserved and are open to visitors as part of the [[Bethel Woods Center for the Arts]] after being purchased in 1996 by cable television pioneer [[Alan Gerry]] for the purpose.<ref>{{cite news |date=August 5, 2009 |title=Woodstock: A Moment of Muddy Grace |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/09/arts/music/09pare.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |newspaper=New York Times |location=Bethel, New York |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085714/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/09/arts/music/09pare.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bethelwoodscenter.org/Portals/0/pdf/AlanGerryBio.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522122655/http://bethelwoodscenter.org/Portals/0/pdf/AlanGerryBio.pdf |url-status=dead |title=Profile: Alan Gerry |archive-date=May 22, 2012 }}</ref> The center opened on July 1, 2006, with a performance by the [[New York Philharmonic]] on a newly constructed pavilion stage located about {{convert|500|yd|m}} SSE of the site of the 1969 stage.<ref>{{cite news |last=Midgette |first=Anne |date=July 1, 2006 |title=New York Philharmonic Plays Summer Guest at Bethel Woods Arts Center |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/01/arts/music/01beth.html?fta=y |newspaper=New York Times |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605062438/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/01/arts/music/01beth.html?fta=y |url-status=live }}</ref> (The site of the original stage is vacant except for a commemorative plaque which was placed in 1984.)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-yEPUnB7GsC&q=1984+plaque+at+woodstock+concert&pg=PA116 |page=116 |title=Woodstock: An Encyclopedia of the Music and Art Fair |last1=Perone |first1=James E. |date=January 1, 2005 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |access-date=June 2, 2014 |isbn=9780313330575 |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510133644/https://books.google.com/books?id=M-yEPUnB7GsC&q=1984+plaque+at+woodstock+concert&pg=PA116 |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2008 the Bethel Woods Center opened a museum dedicated to the experience and cultural significance of the Woodstock festival.<ref name="woods museum">{{cite press release |url=http://bethelwoodscenter.s3.amazonaws.com/doc/04_15_08_Museum_Announce.pdf |title=the Museum at Bethel Woods to Open June 2, 2008 |access-date=April 9, 2018 |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605054204/http://bethelwoodscenter.s3.amazonaws.com/doc/04_15_08_Museum_Announce.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Notable events since the opening of the center have included an August 2006 performance by Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crusinsouthflorida.com/2009/1/2009.08.Woodstock/index.htm |title=Remembering August 15β17, 1969, WOODSTOCK, 40 Years Ago! |access-date=September 5, 2019 |archive-date=March 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307144139/http://www.crusinsouthflorida.com/2009/1/2009.08.Woodstock/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and the scattering of [[Richie Havens]]'s ashes in August 2013.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Richie Havens' ashes scattered across 1969 Woodstock site |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/richie-havens-ashes-scattered-across-1969-woodstock-site/ |newspaper=CBS News |location=Woodstock, New York |date=August 19, 2013 |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=June 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605062552/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/richie-havens-ashes-scattered-across-1969-woodstock-site/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In late 2016 New York's [[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation|State Historic Preservation Office]] applied to the [[National Park Service]] to have {{convert|600|acre|ha}}, including the site of the festival and adjacent areas used for campgrounds, listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]],<ref name="Site NRHP nomination">{{cite web |last=LaFrank |first=Kathleen |title=National Register of Historic Places nomination, Woodstock Music Festival Site |url=http://nysparks.com/shpo/national-register/documents/nominations/WoodstockMusicFestivalSiteBethelVicinitySullivanCounty.pdf |website=[[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]] |date=November 2016 |access-date=December 3, 2016 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220050305/http://nysparks.com/shpo/national-register/documents/nominations/WoodstockMusicFestivalSiteBethelVicinitySullivanCounty.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> and the site was listed on the register in February 2017. ===Woodstock 40th anniversary === There was worldwide media interest in the 40th anniversary of Woodstock in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |first=Steve |last=Israel |url=http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090813%2FNEWS%2F908130341 |title=Woodstock media frenzy as date draws closer |newspaper=[[Times Herald-Record]] |date=August 13, 2009 |access-date=July 30, 2011 |archive-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608164422/http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20090813%2FNEWS%2F908130341 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A number of activities to commemorate the festival took place around the world. On August 15, at the Bethel Woods Center for the Arts overlooking the original site, the largest assembly of Woodstock performing alumni since the original 1969 festival performed in an eight-hour concert in front of a sold-out crowd. Hosted by [[Country Joe McDonald]], the concert featured [[Big Brother and the Holding Company]] performing [[Janis Joplin]]'s hits (she actually appeared with the [[Kozmic Blues Band]] at Woodstock, although that band did feature former Big Brother guitarist [[Sam Andrew]]), [[Canned Heat]], [[Ten Years After]], [[Jefferson Starship]], [[Mountain (band)|Mountain]] and headliners the [[Levon Helm]] Band. At Woodstock, Levon Helm played drums and was one of the lead vocalists with the Band. [[Paul Kantner]] was the only member of the 1969 Jefferson Airplane lineup to appear with Jefferson Starship. [[Tom Constanten]], who played keyboard with the Grateful Dead at Woodstock, joined Jefferson Starship on stage for several numbers. [[Jocko Marcellino]] from [[Sha Na Na]] also appeared, backed up by [[Canned Heat]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/17/arts/music/17heroes.html |title=Back to the Garden, Without the Shock, or All That Mud |first=Jon |last=Pareles |date=August 16, 2009 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 23, 2017 |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215031441/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/17/arts/music/17heroes.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Richie Havens, who opened the Woodstock festival in 1969, appeared at a separate event the previous night.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/article/20090814/ENT04/90814008/1038/ent/Woodstock-40th-anniversary-at-Bethel-Woods--Richie-Havens-has-finished-his-performance |title=Woodstock 40th anniversary: Richie Havens kicks off festivities |first=John W. |last=Barry |newspaper=[[Poughkeepsie Journal]] |date=August 14, 2009 |url-access=subscription |access-date=August 21, 2009 |archive-date=May 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518094828/http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/article/20090814/ENT04/90814008/1038/ent/Woodstock-40th-anniversary-at-Bethel-Woods--Richie-Havens-has-finished-his-performance |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Crosby, Stills & Nash]] and [[Arlo Guthrie]] also marked the anniversary with live performances at Bethel earlier in August 2009. Another event occurred in [[Hawkhurst]], Kent (UK), at a [[Summer of Love]] party, with acts including two of the participants at the original Woodstock, [[Barry Melton]] of Country Joe and the Fish and [[Robin Williamson]] of the Incredible String Band, plus Santana and Grateful Dead cover bands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shewan.co.uk/music/sol/2009/index.html |title=Return to the Summer of Love Soulstock 2009 |website=Deadhead UK |access-date=August 1, 2013 |archive-date=May 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523064523/http://www.shewan.co.uk/music/sol/2009/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On August 14 and 15, 2009, a 40th anniversary tribute concert was held in Woodstock, Illinois, and was the only festival to receive the official blessing of the "Father of Woodstock", Artie Kornfeld.<ref name="Kornfeld gives event blessing">{{cite news |url=http://www.dailyherald.com/story/?id=313625&src=58 |title=Kornfeld gives event blessing |newspaper=[[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)|Daily Herald]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801110837/http://www.dailyherald.com/story/?id=313625&src=58 |archive-date=August 1, 2013 }}</ref> Kornfeld later made an appearance in Woodstock with the event's promoters. Also in 2009, [[Michael Lang (producer)|Michael Lang]] and Holly George-Warren published ''[[The Road to Woodstock]]'', which describes Lang's involvement in the creation of the Woodstock Music & Arts Festival, and includes personal stories and quotes from central figures involved in the event. ===Woodstock 50th anniversary=== {{Main|Woodstock 50}} In May 2014, Michael Lang, one of the producers and organizers of the original Woodstock event, revealed plans for a possible 50th anniversary concert in 2019 and that he was exploring various locations. Reports in late 2018 confirmed the plans for a concurrent 50th anniversary event on the original site to be operated by the Bethel Woods Centre for the Arts. The scheduled date for the "Bethel Woods Music and Culture Festival: Celebrating the golden anniversary at the historic site of the 1969 Woodstock festival" was August 16β18, 2019. Bethel Woods described the festival as a "pan-generational music, culture and community event" (including some live performances and talks by) "leading futurists and retro-tech experts". Michael Lang told a reporter that he also had "definite plans" for a 50th anniversary concert that would "hopefully encourage people to get involved with our lives on the planet" with a goal of re-capturing the "history and essence of what Woodstock was".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/entertainment/2018/12/27/woodstock-bethel-woods-host-50th-anniversary-festival/2420618002 |newspaper=Democrat Chronicle |date=December 29, 2018 |title=Woodstock: 50th anniversary festival to be held at original site |access-date=December 30, 2018 |archive-date=September 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908205314/https://amp.democratandchronicle.com/amp/2439745002 |url-status=live }}</ref> On January 9, 2019, Lang announced that the official Woodstock 50th anniversary festival would take place on August 16β18, 2019 in [[Watkins Glen, New York]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/woodstock-50th-anniversary-michael-lang-775588/ |title=Three-Day Woodstock Festival From Original Organizer Coming This Summer |last=Greene |first=Andy |date=January 9, 2019 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US |access-date=January 29, 2019 |archive-date=April 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414112739/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/woodstock-50th-anniversary-michael-lang-775588/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 19, 2019, the proposed lineup for [[Woodstock 50]] was announced. This included some artists who performed at the original Woodstock festival in 1969: [[John Fogerty]] (from [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]]), [[Carlos Santana]] (as [[Santana (band)|Santana]]), [[David Crosby]] (from [[Crosby, Stills & Nash]]), [[Melanie Safka|Melanie]], [[John Sebastian]], [[Country Joe McDonald]], three [[Grateful Dead]] members (as [[Dead & Company]]), [[Canned Heat]], and [[Hot Tuna]] (containing members of [[Jefferson Airplane]]).<ref name="rs">{{cite news |last1=Kreps |first1=Daniel |title=Woodstock 50 Details Full Lineup With Jay-Z, Dead & Company, Killers |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/woodstock-50-details-full-lineup-with-jay-z-dead-company-killers-809290/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=March 19, 2019 |access-date=March 23, 2019 |archive-date=March 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320012256/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/woodstock-50-details-full-lineup-with-jay-z-dead-company-killers-809290/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The event was to take place at [[Watkins Glen International]], the race track in Watkins Glen, New York, the site in 1973 for the [[Summer Jam at Watkins Glen]] which drew an estimated 600,000 people. On April 29, 2019, it was announced that Woodstock 50 had been canceled by investors ([[Dentsu Aegis Network]]), who had lost faith in its preparations. The producers "vehemently" denied any cancellation, with Michael Lang telling ''[[The New York Times]]'' that investors have no such prerogative.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sisario |first1=Ben |title=Woodstock 50's Backer Says the Festival Is Off. Its Promoter Is Holding Out Hope. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/29/arts/music/woodstock-50th-anniversary-canceled.html |work=The New York Times |date=April 29, 2019 |access-date=April 29, 2019 |archive-date=April 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430025214/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/29/arts/music/woodstock-50th-anniversary-canceled.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Woodstock Organizers Cancel 50th Anniversary Festival |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/festivals/8509091/woodstock-50-festival-cancelled |magazine=Billboard |date=April 29, 2019 |access-date=April 30, 2019 |archive-date=April 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429173706/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/festivals/8509091/woodstock-50-festival-cancelled |url-status=live }}</ref> After a lawsuit with original financiers, the Woodstock 50 team then announced that it had received help from Oppenheimer & Co. for financing so that the three-day event can continue to take place in August despite the original financiers pulling out. On July 31, 2019, NPR reported that the concert had finally been canceled.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/07/31/747018439/woodstock-50-finally-throws-in-the-towel |title=Woodstock 50 (Finally) Throws In The Towel |website=NPR.org |date=July 31, 2019 |last1=Tsioulcas |first1=Anastasia |access-date=July 31, 2019 |archive-date=July 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731204325/https://www.npr.org/2019/07/31/747018439/woodstock-50-finally-throws-in-the-towel |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/news/local/2019/08/14/woodstock-2019-bethel-woods-ready-party-50-years-making/1954872001/ |title=Woodstock 2019: Bethel Woods ready for party 50 years in making |first=John W. |last=Barry |website=Poughkeepsie Journal |access-date=March 13, 2021 |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417165854/https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/news/local/2019/08/14/woodstock-2019-bethel-woods-ready-party-50-years-making/1954872001/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Bethel Woods Center for the Arts did organize a weekend of "low-key" concerts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://variety.com/2019/music/news/returning-to-woodstock-50th-anniversary-album-cover-couple-album-cover-ringo-starr-1203306065/ |title=Woodstock Gets a Low-Key 50th Party With Ringo, Santana and That Album Cover Couple |date=August 19, 2019 |access-date=March 13, 2021 |archive-date=April 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417152018/https://variety.com/2019/music/news/returning-to-woodstock-50th-anniversary-album-cover-couple-album-cover-ringo-starr-1203306065/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Local economic impact=== Woodstock still acts as an economic engine for the local economy. A [[Bethel Woods Center for the Arts|Bethel Woods]] report from 2018 indicates that $560.82 million of spending has been generated in New York. With 2.9 million visitors since 2006 and 214,405 visitors in 2018, an equivalent of 172 full-time jobs exist as a result, which includes direct wages of $5.1 million from Bethel Woods in Sullivan County.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/news/2019/08/15/woodstock-2019-hoping-peace-signs-turn-dollar-signs-bethel-woods/2006147001/ |title=Woodstock 2019: Hoping peace signs turn to dollar signs in along 17B in Bethel |last=Kramer |first=Peter D. |work=www.poughkeepsiejournal.com |date=August 15, 2019 |access-date=August 15, 2019 |archive-date=August 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815134215/https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/news/2019/08/15/woodstock-2019-hoping-peace-signs-turn-dollar-signs-bethel-woods/2006147001/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==In popular culture== As one of the biggest music festivals of all time and a cultural touchstone for the late 1960s, Woodstock has been referenced in many different ways in popular culture. The phrase "the Woodstock generation" became part of the common lexicon.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mankin |first=Bill |url=http://likethedew.com/2012/03/04/we-can-all-join-in-how-rock-festivals-helped-change-america/ |title=We Can All Join In: How Rock Festivals Helped Change America |journal=Like the Dew |date=March 4, 2012 |access-date=March 15, 2012 |archive-date=December 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219032259/http://likethedew.com/2012/03/04/we-can-all-join-in-how-rock-festivals-helped-change-america/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tributes and parodies of the festival began almost as soon as the festival concluded. Cartoonist [[Charles M. Schulz|Charles Schulz]] named his recurring ''[[Peanuts]]'' bird character (which began appearing in 1966 but was still unnamed) [[Woodstock (Peanuts)|Woodstock]] in tribute to the festival.<ref>Charles M. Schulz, ''The Complete Peanuts'', 1967β1968, New York, Fantagraphic Books, pp. 41β42, 83, 207, 227β228.</ref><ref>[https://www.gocomics.com/peanuts/1970/06/22 "Peanuts by Charles Schulz for June 22, 1970"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008164020/https://www.gocomics.com/peanuts/1970/06/22 |date=October 8, 2024 }}, [[GoComics]].</ref> In April 1970, ''[[Mad (magazine)|Mad]]'' magazine published a poem by [[Frank Jacobs]] and illustrated by [[Sergio AragonΓ©s]] titled "I Remember, I Remember The Wondrous Woodstock Music Fair" that parodies the traffic jams and the challenges of getting close enough to actually hear the music.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 1970 |url=http://www.madmagazine.com/blog/2013/04/23/rip-richie-havens-musician |title=R.I.P. Richie Havens, Musician |website=[[Mad (magazine)|Mad]] |access-date=April 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426150836/http://www.madmagazine.com/blog/2013/04/23/rip-richie-havens-musician |archive-date=April 26, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Keith Robertson (writer)|Keith Robertson]]'s 1970 children's book ''[[Henry Reed (fictional character)|Henry Reed's Big Show]]'' has the title character attempting to emulate the success of the festival by having his own concert at his uncle's farm. In 1973, the stage show ''[[National Lampoon's Lemmings]]'' portrayed the "Woodchuck" festival, featuring parodies of many Woodstock performers.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clarke |first=Craig |url=http://www.greenmanreview.com/cd/cd_va_nationallampoon_lemmings.html |title=Original Off-Broadway Cast, National Lampoon's Lemmings |website=Green Man Review |access-date=March 22, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028125348/http://www.greenmanreview.com/cd/cd_va_nationallampoon_lemmings.html |archive-date=October 28, 2010 }}</ref> ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named "The Who at Woodstock β 1969" to the magazine's "Top 10 Music-Festival Moments" list on March 18, 2010.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Fletcher |first=Dan |date=March 18, 2010 |url=https://entertainment.time.com/2010/03/18/top-10-music-festival-moments/slide/the-who-at-woodstock-1969/ |title=The Who at Woodstock β 1969 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=August 1, 2013 |archive-date=April 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430154700/http://entertainment.time.com/2010/03/18/top-10-music-festival-moments/slide/the-who-at-woodstock-1969/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2005, Argentine writer [[Edgar Brau]] published ''Woodstock'', a long poem commemorating the festival. An English translation of the poem was published in January 2007 by [[Words Without Borders]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wordswithoutborders.org/contributor/edgar-brau/ |title=Edgar Brau |website=[[Words Without Borders]] |access-date=May 2, 2010 |archive-date=April 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413200412/http://wordswithoutborders.org/contributor/edgar-brau/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, the singer [[Lana Del Rey]] released a song, "[[Coachella β Woodstock in My Mind]]," to show her worries about the tensions between [[North Korea]] and the United States while she was at [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival|Coachella]], expressing nostalgia by using the Woodstock festival as a symbol of peace.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Reed |first=Ryan |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hear-lana-del-reys-somber-new-song-coachella-woodstock-in-my-mind-w482237 |title=Hear Lana Del Rey's Somber New Song 'Coachella β Woodstock in My Mind' |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=May 15, 2017 |access-date=April 9, 2018 |archive-date=May 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516010506/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/hear-lana-del-reys-somber-new-song-coachella-woodstock-in-my-mind-w482237 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] rock band [[Portugal. The Man]] released album [[Woodstock (Portugal. The Man album)|Woodstock]], inspired by the lead singer [[John Gourley]]'s conversation with his dad about the Woodstock festival ticket stub.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/album/woodstock/1229315038 |title=Woodstock by Portugal. The Man |website=[[Apple Music]] |date=June 15, 2017 |access-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-date=February 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218064329/https://music.apple.com/album/woodstock/1229315038 |url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2019, the [[United States Postal Service]] released a [[Non-denominated postage#Forever stamps|Forever stamp]] commemorating Woodstock's 50th anniversary.<ref name="USPS: Woodstock Rocks On Forever">{{cite press release |url=https://about.usps.com/newsroom/national-releases/2019/0808-woodstock-rocks-on-forever.htm |title=Woodstock Rocks On Forever |website=United States Postal Service |date=August 8, 2019 |access-date=August 20, 2019 |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820185256/https://about.usps.com/newsroom/national-releases/2019/0808-woodstock-rocks-on-forever.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The stamp was designed by Antonio AlcalΓ‘, Art Director of the USPS and was first issued at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City on August 8, 2019.<ref name="USPS: Woodstock Forever Stamps">{{cite press release |url=https://about.usps.com/newsroom/national-releases/2019/0708ma-woodstock-forever-stamps.htm |title=Woodstock Forever Stamps |website=United States Postal Service |date=July 8, 2019 |access-date=August 20, 2019 |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820185257/https://about.usps.com/newsroom/national-releases/2019/0708ma-woodstock-forever-stamps.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The museum was hosting ''Play it Loud'', an exhibit co-organized with the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame consisting of vintage rock and roll instruments, posters, and costumes.<ref name="The Met: Play It Loud: Instruments of Rock and Roll">{{cite web |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2019/play-it-loud |title=Exhibition Overview: Play It Loud: Instruments of Rock and Roll |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |date=2019 |access-date=August 20, 2019 |archive-date=August 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822134458/https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2019/play-it-loud |url-status=live }}</ref> Attending the ceremony were Woodstock producers [[Michael Lang (producer)|Michael Lang]] and [[Joel Rosenman]]. The ceremony began with a "stirring" electric guitar performance of ''The Star Spangled Banner'' by [[Captain Kirk Douglas|"Captain" Kirk Douglas]] of [[the Roots]]β"reminiscent" of Jimi Hendrix's performance at the original festival.<ref name="Forbes: Woodstock Festival's 50th Anniversary Gets The Postage Stamp Treatment">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidchiu/2019/08/08/woodstock-festivals-50th-anniversary-gets-the-postage-stamp-treatment/#35e5fc1b574e |title=Woodstock Festival's 50th Anniversary Gets The Postage Stamp Treatment |website=Forbes |date=August 8, 2019 |access-date=August 20, 2019 |author=Chiu, David |archive-date=August 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811110449/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidchiu/2019/08/08/woodstock-festivals-50th-anniversary-gets-the-postage-stamp-treatment/#35e5fc1b574e |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, a South Korean organizer officially purchased Woodstock's license and tried to hold a festival in [[Pocheon]], but there was a lot of controversy because of insufficient preparation in the process of preparing for the festival, and it was eventually canceled.<ref name="khan">{{cite press release |url=https://sports.khan.co.kr/bizlife/sk_index.html?art_id=202303281520003&sec_id=560801&pt=nv |title=μΈκ³ μ΅κ³ μ μμ μΆμ μ°λμ€ν νμ€ν°λ² ν°μΌ μ€ν |website=khan shinmun |date=March 28, 2023 |access-date=September 19, 2023 |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006210501/https://sports.khan.co.kr/bizlife/sk_index.html?art_id=202303281520003&sec_id=560801&pt=nv |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="skydaily">{{cite press release |url=https://skyedaily.com/news/news_view.html?ID=199782 |title=[λ¨λ ] μ°λμ€ννμ€ν°λ² κΈ°νμ¬ μκΈμ²΄λΆ μΈκΈμ²΄λ©β¦νμ¬λ μ°κΈ° |website=skydaily |date=July 25, 2023 |access-date=September 19, 2023 |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006210501/https://skyedaily.com/news/news_view.html?ID=199782 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="tvdaily">{{cite press release |url=http://www.tvdaily.co.kr/read.php3?aid=16950113971686379010 |title=[λ¨λ ] 'μ°λμ€ν νμ€ν°λ²' κ²°κ΅ μ·¨μ, μΆμ° κ°μλ€μ ν΅λ³΄ |website=tvdaily |date=September 18, 2023 |access-date=September 19, 2023 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928183614/https://tvdaily.co.kr/read.php3?aid=16950113971686379010 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Gallery== <gallery widths="180" heights="180"> File:VW_Bug_"Light".jpg|[[Volkswagen Beetle|Volkswagens]] on their way to the festival File:Swami opening.jpg|Opening ceremony at Woodstock. [[Satchidananda Saraswati|Swami Satchidananda]] giving the opening speech. File:Woodstock August 15, 1969.jpg|A rainy day (August 15, 1969) File:Woodstock redmond hair.JPG|Concert attendees File:Woodstock redmond cocker.JPG|[[Joe Cocker]] and the Grease Band performing at Woodstock File:Woodstock-kids.jpg|Photo taken near Woodstock on August 18, 1969 File:Woodstock redmond havens.JPG|[[Richie Havens]] performing at Woodstock File:Woodstock redmond tents.JPG|Tents and cars of spectators at Woodstock File:Woodstock festival - Press and Sun-Bulletin (1969).jpg|Contemporary newspaper article </gallery> ==See also== {{Portal|1960s|Hudson Valley|National Register of Historic Places|Rock music}} * [[Harlem Cultural Festival]], sometimes called the "Black Woodstock", that ran concurrently over July and August 1969 * [[Nambassa]] * [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New York]] * [[Przystanek Woodstock]] (Woodstock Festival Poland) * [[Sunbury Pop Festival]] * [[Wattstax]] * [[Woodstock '94]], a rebooted version of the festival held in Saugerties, New York * [[Woodstock '99]], a rebooted version of the festival held in Rome, New York ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Further reading== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last=Bell |first=Dale |year=2019 |title=Woodstock: An Inside Look at the Movie That Shook Up the World and Defined a Generation |publisher=Rare Bird Books |isbn=978-1947856271 }} Oral history with interviews of more than 40 crew members and performers. * {{cite book |editor-last=Blelock |editor-first=Weston |editor2-last=Blelock |editor2-first=Julia |year=2009 |title=Roots of the 1969 Woodstock Festival: The Backstory to "Woodstock" |publisher=WoodstockArts |isbn=978-0-9679268-5-8 }} * {{cite book |last=Bukszpan |first=Daniel |year=2019 |title=Woodstock: 50 Years of Peace and Music |publisher=Imagine |isbn=978-1623545314 }} * {{cite book |last=Greenblatt |first=Mike |year=2019 |title=Woodstock 50th Anniversary: Back to Yasgur's Farm |publisher=Krause Publications |isbn=978-1440248900 }} * {{cite book |last=Hoffman |first=Abbie |author-link=Abbie Hoffman |year=1969 |title=Woodstock Nation: A Talk-Rock Album |publisher=Vintage Books |isbn= |postscript=. Author's experience at the festival and his reflections on youth culture. }} * {{cite book |last=Kane |first=John |year=2019 |title=Pilgrims of Woodstock: Never-Before-Seen Photos |publisher=Red Lightning Books |isbn=978-1-68435-082-7 |postscript=. Photobook with interviews. }} * {{cite book |last=Kornfeld |first=Artie |author-link=Artie Kornfeld |year=2009 |title=The Pied Piper of Woodstock |publisher=Spirit of the Woodstock Nation LLC |isbn=978-0-615-32599-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Landy |first=Elliott |author-link=Elliott Landy |year=1994 |title=Woodstock 69: The First Festival: 3 Days of Peace & Music |publisher=Squarebooks |isbn=978-0-916290-75-7 |postscript=. Photobook. }} * {{cite book |last=Landy |first=Elliott |author-link=Elliott Landy |title=Woodstock Vision: The Spirit of a Generation |others=Afterword by Richie Havens |location=Woodstock, NY |publisher=Landy Vision |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-9625073-4-2 |postscript=. Includes 300 of Landy's classic photographs at Woodstock. }} * {{cite book |last=Lang |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Lang (producer) |year=2009 |title=The Road to Woodstock |title-link=The Road to Woodstock |publisher=Ecco Publishing |isbn=978-0-06-157655-3 }} * {{cite book |last=Lang |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Lang (producer) |year=2009 |title=Woodstock Experience |publisher=Genesis Publications |isbn=978-1-905662-09-8 }} * {{cite book |last=Makower |first=Joel |author-link=Joel Makower |year=2009 |title=Woodstock: The Oral History, 40th Anniversary Edition |publisher=SUNY Press/Excelsior Editions |isbn=978-1-4384-2974-8 }} * {{cite book |last=Perone |first=James E. |year=2005 |title=Woodstock: An Encyclopedia of the Music and Art Fair |location=Westport, CT |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313330575 }} * {{cite book |editor-last=Reynolds |editor-first=Susan |year=2019 |title=Woodstock Revisited: 50 Far Out, Groovy, Peace-Loving, Flashback-Inducing Stories From Those Who Were There |publisher=Independently Published |isbn=978-1081381608 |postscript=. Collection of stories by Woodstock attendees. }} * {{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=John |last2=Rosenman |first2=Joel |last3=Pilpel |first3=Robert H. |author1-link=Joel Rosenman |author2-link=John Roberts |author3-link=Robert Pilpel |title=Young Men with Unlimited Capital: The Inside Story of the Legendary Woodstock Festival Told By The Two People Who Paid for It |date=1974 |publisher=[[Harcourt Brace Jovanovich]] |location=New York |isbn=9780151559770 |edition=1st |oclc=922819 }} * {{cite book |last1=Tiber |first1=Elliot |author-link=Elliot Tiber |year=1994 |title=Knock on Woodstock: The Uproarious, Uncensored Story of the Woodstock Festival, the Gay Man Who Made It Happen, and How He Earned His Ticket to Free |publisher=Joel Friedlander Pub |isbn=978-0964180604 }} * {{cite book |last1=Wolman |first1=Baron |year=2014 |title=Woodstock |publisher=Reel Art Press |postscript=. Photobook containing author's Woodstock collection. }} * {{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Jean |last2=Lang |first2=Michael |year=1979 |title=Woodstock Festival Remembered |publisher=Ballantine Books |isbn=978-0345280039 }} {{refend}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Woodstock Music Festival}} {{wikiquote|Woodstock Festival}} {{wikiversity|Woodstock Scholarship: An Interdisciplinary Annotated Bibliography}} ;Articles * {{cite web |url=https://www.popmatters.com/pm/feature/108471-pot-skinny-dipping-and-freedom-rock-woodstock-and-the-year-of-the-ou/ |title=Pot, Skinny-Dipping, and Freedom Rock: Woodstock and the Year of the Outdoor Music Festival |first=Rob |last=Kirkpatrick |date=August 5, 2009 |website=[[PopMatters]] }} * {{cite web |title=Michael Lang. The man behind the most important Music Festival in the History, Woodstock 1969 |url=http://www.escuelasuperiordeaudio.com.ve/Ampca/michael%20lang.htm |publisher=La Escuela Superior de Audio y AcΓΊstica }} ;Attendees * [[Artie Kornfeld]] [https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/artie-kornfeld Interview] at [[NAMM Oral History Program|NAMM Oral History Collection]] (2017) * Ric Manning, [https://archive.today/20220707124057/https://ricmanning.blogspot.com/2019/08/heres-my-blockbuster-video-that-only.html Remembering Woodstock 2019] (later, newspaper writer, uploader of [[:File:Woodstock-kids.jpg]]) * [[Elliott Landy]]: ** [https://elliottlandy.com/portfolio-items/1969-woodstock-festival-gallery/#gallery/426d0d1438ffa7ee6a80a595a3b661a4/3094 Woodstock Festival Gallery] ** [http://theband.hiof.no/books/woodstock_vision.html Woodstock Vision] media CD-ROM * Jim Shelley, [https://woodstockwhisperer.info woodstockwhisperer.info] amateur photographer at Woodstock 1969 {{Woodstock|state=expanded}} {{Historic rock festival}} {{Rock festival}} {{Hippies}} {{Counterculture of the 1960s}} {{National Register of Historic Places in New York}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Woodstock Festival|1969]] [[Category:1969 festivals]] [[Category:1969 in American music]] [[Category:1969 in music]] [[Category:1969 in New York (state)]] [[Category:1969 music festivals]] [[Category:August 1969 in the United States]] [[Category:Catskills]] [[Category:Commemorative stamps]] [[Category:Concerts in the United States]] [[Category:Counterculture festivals]] [[Category:Counterculture of the 1960s]] [[Category:Free festivals]] [[Category:Hippie movement]] [[Category:Jam band festivals]] [[Category:Mass media franchises]] [[Category:Music festivals established in 1969]] [[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Sullivan County, New York]] [[Category:Riots and civil disorder in New York (state)]] [[Category:Rock festivals in the United States]] [[Category:Timeline of 1960s counterculture]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Sullivan County, New York]]
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