Editing Wouter Bos

{{Short description|Dutch politician}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = 
| name                = Wouter Bos
| image               = Bos Dutch politician kabinet Balkenende IV.jpg
| imagesize           = 
| caption             = Bos in 2007
| office              = [[Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands]]
| term_start          = 22 February 2007
| term_end            = 23 February 2010
| alongside           = [[André Rouvoet]]
| primeminister       = [[Jan Peter Balkenende]]
| predecessor         = [[Gerrit Zalm]]
| successor           = [[André Rouvoet]]
| office1             = [[List of Ministers of Finance of the Netherlands|Minister of Finance]]
| term_start1         = 22 February 2007
| term_end1           = 23 February 2010
| primeminister1      = [[Jan Peter Balkenende]]
| predecessor1        = [[Gerrit Zalm]]
| successor1          = [[Jan Kees de Jager]]
| office2             = [[Leader of the Labour Party (Netherlands)|Leader of the Labour Party]]
| term_start2         = 19 November 2002
| term_end2           = 25 April 2010
| deputy2             = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''|1=[[Klaas de Vries (Labour Party)|Klaas de Vries]] <br/> <small>(2002–2006)</small> <br/> [[Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven]] <br/> <small>(2002–2004)</small> <br/> [[Sharon Dijksma]] <br/> <small>(2004–2007)</small> <br/> [[Jacques Tichelaar]] <br/> <small>(2007–2008)</small> <br/> [[Mariëtte Hamer]] <br/> <small>(2008–2010)</small> <br/> [[Jeroen Dijsselbloem]] <br/> <small>(2008–2010)</small>}}
| predecessor2        = [[Ad Melkert]]
| successor2          = [[Job Cohen]]
| office3             = [[Parliamentary leader]] in the <br/> [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]]
| term_start3         = 19 November 2002
| term_end3           = 22 February 2007
| predecessor3        = [[Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven]]
| successor3          = [[Jacques Tichelaar]]
| parliamentarygroup3 = [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]]
| office4             = [[List of Ministers of Finance of the Netherlands#List of State Secretaries for Finance|State Secretary for Finance]]
| term_start4         = 24 March 2000
| term_end4           = 22 July 2002
| primeminister4      = [[Wim Kok]]
| predecessor4        = [[Willem Vermeend]]
| successor4          = [[Steven van Eijk]]
| office5             = [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Member of the House of Representatives]]
| term_start5         = 23 May 2002
| term_end5           = 22 February 2007
| term_start6         = 19 May 1998
| term_end6           = 24 March 2000
| parliamentarygroup6 = [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]]
| birthname           = Wouter Jacob Bos
| birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1963|07|14}}
| birth_place         = [[Vlaardingen]], Netherlands
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| nationality         = Dutch
| party               = [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]] <small>(from 1981)</small>
| residence           = [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands
| alma_mater          = [[Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam]] <small>([[Bachelor of Social Science]], [[Master of Social Science]], [[Bachelor of Economics]], [[Master of Economics]])</small>
| occupation          = {{hlist|Politician|[[civil servant]]|economist|businessman|[[Board of directors|corporate director]]|[[Nonprofit organization|nonprofit director]]|[[Management consulting|management consultant]]|[[Lobbying|lobbyist]]}}
| signature           = 
}}

'''Wouter Jacob Bos''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈʋʌutər ˈbɔs}}; born 14 July 1963) is a retired [[politics of the Netherlands|Dutch politician]] of the [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]] (PvdA) and businessman.

Bos attended the [[:nl:Christelijk Lyceum Zeist|Christian Gymnasium]] in [[Zeist]] from June 1975 until July 1980 and applied at the [[Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam]] in June 1981 [[Major (academic)|majoring]] in [[Political science]] and Economics obtaining a [[Bachelor of Social Science]] degree and a [[Bachelor of Economics]] degree in June 1984 before graduating with a [[Master of Social Science]] degree and a [[Master of Economics]] degree in July 1988. Bos worked as a [[Human resource management|human resource manager]] for [[Royal Dutch Shell]] from August 1988 until May 1998 in [[Pernis, Netherlands|Pernis]] from August 1988 until September 1989 in [[Rotterdam]] from September 1989 until July 1991 in [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]] from July 1991 until April 1993 in [[Hong Kong]] from April 1993 until November 1995 and in [[London]], England from November 1995 until May 1998.

Bos was elected as a [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Member of the House of Representatives]] after the [[1998 Dutch general election|election of 1998]], taking office on 19 May 1998 serving as a [[frontbencher]] and spokesperson for [[Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)|Finances]]. Bos was appointed as [[List of Ministers of Finance of the Netherlands#List of State Secretaries for Finance|State Secretary for Finance]] in the [[Second Kok cabinet|Cabinet Kok II]] following the appointment of [[Willem Vermeend]] as [[List of Ministers of Social Affairs of the Netherlands|Minister of Social Affairs and Employment]], taking office on 24 March 2000. After the [[2002 Dutch general election|election of 2002]] Bos returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 23 May 2002 serving again as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Finances. The Cabinet Kok II was replaced by the [[First Balkenende cabinet|Cabinet Balkenende I]] following the [[2002 Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation of 2002]] on 22 July 2002. After the [[Leader of the Labour Party (Netherlands)|Leader of the Labour Party]] and [[Parliamentary leader]] of the Labour Party in the House of Representatives [[Ad Melkert]] announced he was stepping down as Leader and Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives following the defeat in the [[2002 Dutch general election|election]], Bos announced his candidacy to succeed him. Bos won the [[2002 Labour Party (Netherlands) leadership election|leadership election]] defeating former [[Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)|Speaker of the House of Representatives]] [[Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven]] and former [[List of Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands|Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations]] [[Klaas de Vries (Labour Party)|Klaas de Vries]] and was elected as Leader and Parliamentary leader and ''[[Lijsttrekker]]'' (top candidate) for the [[2003 Dutch general election|election of 2003]], taking office on 19 November 2002. The Labour Party made a large win, gaining 19 seats and became the second largest party and now had 42 in the House of Representatives. For the [[2006 Dutch general election|Dutch general election of 2006]] Bos again served as ''Lijsttrekker''. The Labour Party suffered a loss, losing 9 seats and now had 33 seats in the House of Representatives. The following [[2006–2007 Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation of 2006]] resulted in a coalition agreement between the Labour Party, the [[Christian Democratic Appeal]] (CDA) and the [[Christian Union (Netherlands)|Christian Union]] (CU) which formed the [[Fourth Balkenende cabinet|Cabinet Balkenende IV]] with Bos appointed as [[Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Deputy Prime Minister]] and [[List of Ministers of Finance of the Netherlands|Minister of Finance]], taking office on 22 February 2007. The Cabinet Balkenende IV fell on 20 February 2010 after tensions in the coalition over the extension of the Dutch involvement in the [[Task Force Uruzgan]] of the [[International Security Assistance Force]] (ISAF) in [[Afghanistan]] and continued to serve in a [[Demissionary cabinet|demissionary]] capacity until the Labour Party cabinets members resigned on 23 February 2010. On 12 March 2010 Bos unexpectedly announced his retirement from national politics and that he wouldn't stand for the [[2010 Dutch general election|election of 2010]] and approached [[Job Cohen]] as his successor.

Bos semi-retired from national politics and became active in the [[private sector]] and [[public sector]], in October 2010 Bos became a partner at the financial services firm [[KPMG]]. After the [[2012 Dutch general election|election of 2012]] Bos was appointed as co-[[Formateur#Informateur|Informateur]] for the [[2012 Dutch cabinet formation|cabinet formation of 2012]]. In August 2013 Bos was nominated as chairman of the board of directors of the [[VU University Medical Center]]. In September 2018 Bos was appointed as chairman of the board of directors of the Netherlands Investment Agency, taking office on 1 October 2018. Bos also serves as a lobbyist for several economic delegations on behalf of the government. As of 2022 he is the chairman of health insurance company Menzis.<ref>[http://www.nrc.nl/international/article2502819.ece/Wouter_Bos_steps_down_as_Dutch_Labour_leader "Wouter Bos steps down as Dutch Labour leader"]</ref><ref>{{in lang|nl}}[http://www.nrc.nl/binnenland/article2502500.ece/PvdA-leider_Wouter_Bos_verlaat_politiek "PvdA-leider Wouter Bos verlaat politiek"]</ref>

==Life==
===Youth===
Bos was raised in a [[Doorbraak]] [[social democracy|social-democratic]] family with a Protestant background in [[Vlaardingen]]. His father founded the ecumenical development cooperation fund [[Interchurch Organisation for Development Cooperation|ICCO]], which he also led for many years. Between 1969 and 1974 Bos attended the Protestant [[Education in the Netherlands#Elementary education|elementary school]] de Beurthonk in [[Odijk]]. From 1974 he attended the Protestant [[Education in the Netherlands#Secondary education|high school]] Christelijk Lyceum in [[Zeist]]. In 1980 he graduated specializing in sciences and classics. In 1980–81 he was a Voluntary Instructor at the [[YMCA]] National Centre in [[Curdridge]] in the United Kingdom.

===Life before politics===
Bos became a member of the PvdA in 1981. In the same year he started studying [[Political Science]] at the [[Vrije Universiteit]] in Amsterdam. In 1982 he also took up Economics. In 1988 he graduated ''cum laude'' in both subjects.

From 1988 till 1998 he worked for [[Royal Dutch Shell]] in various positions. With a background in Shell, he differs from other Dutch leftwing politicians, who rarely have a background in a major [[multinational corporation]]. Bos began to work for Shell because he thought that "the Dutch [[Left (politics)|Left]] should not leave the business world to the Dutch [[Right (politics)|Right]]".

Between 1988 and 1990 he worked at the [[Pernis (Netherlands)|Pernis]] Refinery as a management consultant, where he was a specialist on training and reorganisation. In 1990 he became policy advisor for the central board, specializing in labour relations and working conditions, he also served as representative of the central board in its dealings with the central [[works council]]. In 1992–93 he was stationed as general affairs manager for Shell Romania Exploration, where he was responsible for setting up the Romanian branch of Shell. In 1993 he was stationed in Hong Kong, to work as staff planning and development manager for Shell Companies in Greater China, responsible for the recruitment and selection of new manager for Shell in [[South Korea]], Taiwan, Hong Kong and China. In 1996 he returned to Europe, and worked as a consultant for new markets for Shell International Oil Products in London, focusing on acquisition in developing LPG markets in South America and Asia. In 1998 he left Shell to enter Dutch politics. For a short while he was policy advisor for the PvdA [[parliamentary party]] in the lower house and a personal assistant of the party's financial spokesperson, [[Rick van der Ploeg]].

===Political life===
[[File:2007 10 23 netherlands 600.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Deputy Prime Minister Wouter Bos and [[United States Secretary of State]] [[Condoleezza Rice]] during a meeting at the [[United States Department of State]] in Washington, D.C., on 23 October 2007.]]
[[File:3 PvdA-leiders.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Wouter Bos and former Prime Minister [[Wim Kok]] and Leader of the Labour Party [[Job Cohen]] at a party conference in [[Amsterdam]] on 1 May 2011.]]

In 1998 he was elected into the lower house of parliament for the PvdA as finance specialist. He campaigned together with Rick van der Ploeg and Willem Vermeend as "the Polderboys" and gave lectures in economics at universities. In 2000, due to a cabinet reshuffle, he succeeded [[Willem Vermeend]] as [[State Secretary (Netherlands)|staatssecretaris]] for Finance, and became responsible for taxation, monetary policy and finances of lower-level government. Together with Finance Minister [[Gerrit Zalm]] he was able to get parliamentary support for a radical reform of the tax system. After the May 2002 elections he returned to parliament, as a specialist on income policy and health affairs.

After the fall of the [[first Balkenende cabinet]] Bos was elected [[Lijsttrekker|top candidate]] for the following elections and ''de facto'' leader of the PvdA in the [[2002 PvdA leadership election]] by 60% of the voting party members. He immediately became the [[Parliamentary group leader|chairman of the parliamentary party]], succeeding [[Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven]], and leaving her, [[Klaas de Vries (politician)|Klaas de Vries]] and [[Jouke de Vries]] behind him by a 30% margin.

In the January [[2003 Dutch general election|2003 election]], Bos entered a head-to-head race with incumbent Prime Minister and leader of the Christian Democratic [[Christian Democratic Appeal|CDA]], [[Jan Peter Balkenende]]. Under Bos the vote and seats of the PvdA nearly doubled from 15% (23 seats) in 2002 to 27% (42 seats) in 2003. This resurgence was partially credited to Bos' charisma and youthful appearance (and according to some journalists Bos' "sexy touch"). Balkenende's CDA however remained largest the party by a margin of two seats. The ensuing coalition formation talks between Balkenende and Bos failed after several months. The CDA went on to form a [[Second Balkenende cabinet|government]] with the conservative liberal [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]], and the progressive liberal [[D'66|D66]].

At that time Bos was the leader of the largest opposition party.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080621053320/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/leftwinger-uses-fortuyn-formula-to-lead-dutch-election-race-602034.html "Left-winger uses Fortuyn formula to lead Dutch election race"]</ref> He spent considerable time reforming the PvdA's internal organisation and public image, together with the party's chairman [[Ruud Koole]]. He was criticized for his silence on important reforms and issues, and his moderacy which resulted in other parties claiming opposition leadership, among them most notably the [[Socialist Party (Netherlands)|Socialist Party]]. Although still enjoying large public support, criticism about his "style over substance" approach to politics was voiced in this period. At the December 2005 party congress, Bos announced that he aspired to become [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands]], should the PvdA succeed in becoming the biggest party after the next parliament elections. And in the [[2006 Dutch municipal elections|2006 municipal elections]], a few months later, the PvdA performed particularly well, becoming the largest party in local government.

However, in the election campaign for the [[2006 Dutch general election|Dutch general elections of 2006]] the PvdA – for the second time campaigning under his leadership – didn't manage to maintain this position as biggest party. Some considered pension reforms proposed by him to embattle the consequences of an aging population as a reason for this decline in popularity.<ref>"Balkenende wijst uitnodiging Bos af", ''De Telegraaf'' (1 October 2006) "Volgens Balkenende heeft Bos problemen omdat hij „vervelende" boodschappen als de beperking van de hypotheekrenteaftrek en de fiscalisering van de AOW aan de kiezer moet verkopen."</ref> Others emphasized a declining confidence in Bos among parts of the electorate that perceived him as "unreliable", as reason for this.<ref>"Kiezer is links, stemt rechts", ''Trouw'' (11-11-2006) "Het verlies voor de PvdA zit vooral in de geringe waardering voor de persoon van lijsttrekker Wouter Bos. De PvdA-leider scoort laag op punten als betrouwbaarheid en bekwaamheid. Zijn grote concurrent Balkenende scoort op betrouwbaarheid stukken beter en op bekwaamheid heeft hij zijn eerdere achterstand goedgemaakt."</ref> Bos lost nine seats in the elections, which saw large gains for the main rival of Labour on the left side of the political spectrum, the more radical Socialist Party. Nonetheless, after these elections (and this time successful coalition talks with Prime Minister Balkenende), Bos became Deputy Prime Minister and [[Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)|Minister of Finance]] in the [[Fourth Balkenende cabinet]], thereby breaking a campaign promise to only join a cabinet when he could hold the office of Prime Minister.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}

As part of the leadership of the PvdA he revoked his confidence in fellow party member [[Ella Vogelaar]] as Minister of Integration and Housing. She subsequently resigned her post on 13 November 2008. The Dutch parliamentary press chose him as politician of the year 2008, largely due to his crisis management of the [[financial crisis of 2007–2008]] that included [[nationalization]] of the [[Fortis (finance)#Governments step in|Fortis]] bank.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/politiek/article1923580.ece/Wouter_Bos_gekozen_tot_politicus_van_het_jaar.html| title=Wouter Bos gekozen tot politicus van het jaar| date=14 December 2008| publisher=[[Trouw]]| language=Dutch| quote=dutch original "PvdA-leider Wouter Bos is door de parlementaire pers gekozen tot politicus van het jaar 2008. <br />De Haagse burgemeester Jozias van Aartsen (VVD), die de uitslag op Radio 1 bekendmaakte, noemde Bos een 'comeback kid' in de politiek en 'onze nationale crisismanager', refererend aan het optreden van Bos als minister van Financiën tijdens de financiële crisis. " <br /> English translation:"PvdA-leader Wouter Bos has been chosen as politician of the year 2008 by the parliamentary press. <br />The mayor of the Hague, [[Jozias van Aartsen]] ([[VVD]]),  who announced the result on [[Radio 1 (Netherlands)|Radio 1]], called Bos a 'comeback kid' in politics and 'our national crisis manager', referring to Bos' measures as Finance Minister during the financial crisis.
}}</ref>

==Other activities==
* [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] (EBRD), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2007–2010)<ref>[http://www.ebrd.com/documents/comms-and-bis/pdf-annual-report-2009-english.pdf 2009 Annual Report] [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] (EBRD).</ref>

==Personal life==
In December 2002 Bos married Barbara Bos (the surname is a coincidence). The master of ceremonies of his marriage was [[Joop Wijn]], the former State Secretary of finance for the CDA. Wouter and Barbara Bos have two daughters, Iris (5 February 2004) and Jula (3 January 2006) and a son Joppe (18 April 2009).

==Decorations==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%;"
|- style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
| colspan=5 |'''Honours'''
|-
! style="width:80px;"| Ribbon bar !! Honour !! Country !! Date !! Comment
|-
| [[File:Order of Orange-Nassau ribbon - Officer.svg|80px]]
| [[Order (distinction)|Officer]] of the [[Order of Orange-Nassau]]
| Netherlands
| 3 December 2010
| <small>Elevated from Knight (10 December 2002)</small>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

;Official
* {{in lang|nl}} [https://www.parlement.com/id/vg09lljtu4za/w_j_wouter_bos Drs. W.J. (Wouter) Bos] Parlement & Politiek

{{s-start}}
{{s-ppo}}

{{s-bef|before=[[Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Parliamentary leader]] of the <br/> [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]] in the <br/> [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]]|years=2002–2007}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jacques Tichelaar]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ad Melkert]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the Labour Party (Netherlands)|Leader of the Labour Party]]|years=2002–2010}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Job Cohen]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ad Melkert]] <br/> 2002}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Lijsttrekker]] of the <br/> [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]]|years=2003 • 2006}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Job Cohen]] <br/> 2010}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Willem Vermeend]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Ministers of Finance of the Netherlands#List of State Secretaries for Finance|State Secretary for Finance]]|years=2000–2002}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Steven van Eijk]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Gerrit Zalm]]|rows=2}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Deputy Prime Minister]]|years=2007–2010|alongside=[[André Rouvoet]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[André Rouvoet]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Ministers of Finance of the Netherlands|Minister of Finance]]|years=2007–2010}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jan Kees de Jager]]}}
{{s-civ}}
{{s-bef|before=''Office established''}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chairman of the <br/> Board of directors of the <br/> Dutch Invest Agency|years=2018–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-bus}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Cees Veerman]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chairman of the <br/> Board of directors of the <br/> [[VU University Medical Center]]|years=2013–2018}} 
{{s-aft|after=Chris Polman}}
{{s-end}}

{{Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands}}
{{Ministers of Finance of the Netherlands}}
{{State Secretaries for Finance of the Netherlands}}
{{Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2006–10}}
{{Fourth Balkenende cabinet}}
{{Second Kok cabinet}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bos, Wouter}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Amsterdam]]
[[Category:Deputy prime ministers of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Dutch healthcare chief executives]]
[[Category:Dutch corporate directors]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in England]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Dutch expatriates in Romania]]
[[Category:Dutch human resource management people]]
[[Category:Dutch lobbyists]]
[[Category:Dutch management consultants]]
[[Category:Dutch members of the Dutch Reformed Church]]
[[Category:European Union lobbyists]]
[[Category:KPMG people]]
[[Category:Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Labour Party (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)]]
[[Category:Dutch MPs 2006–2010]]
[[Category:Ministers of finance of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau]]
[[Category:Politicians from Amsterdam]]
[[Category:People from Vlaardingen]]
[[Category:Protestant Church Christians from the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Shell plc people]]
[[Category:State Secretaries for Finance of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch businesspeople]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch economists]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch civil servants]]
[[Category:21st-century Dutch economists]]