Editing XEDIT

{{Short description|Visual editor}}
{{About|the editor for VM/CMS, and ports thereof|the editor for the X Window System on Linux and Unix|xedit (X11)}}
[[Image:Informatics_General_programmer_at_terminal.jpg|thumb|right|An Informatics General computer programmer using XEDIT on an IBM 3279 terminal]]
[[File:Original XEDIT.png|thumb|An early version of XEDIT from 1982, as displayed on a 3270 terminal emulator. ]]
'''XEDIT''' is a [[visual editor]] for [[VM (operating system)|VM/CMS]] using [[block-oriented terminal|block mode]] [[IBM 3270]] [[Computer terminal|terminals]]. (Line-mode terminals are also supported.)
<ref>{{cite book |title=XEDIT Commands and Macros Reference |edition=1st |date=September 2004 |id=IBM publication number SC24-6131-00 |publisher=IBM}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite book |title=XEDIT User's Guide |edition=2nd |date=December 2005 |id=IBM publication number SC24-6132-01 |publisher=IBM}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |title=The CMS file editor XEDIT |url=https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zvm/7.4?topic=zvm-cms-file-editor-xedit |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.ibm.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

XEDIT is much more line-oriented<ref>{{cite book
|title=Revival: The Handbook of Software for Engineers and Scientists (1995)
|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1351357050  |isbn=978-1351357050
|author=Paul W. Ross  |date=2018
| publisher=CRC Press |quote=XEDIT is a line-oriented editor that}}</ref> than modern [[Personal computer|PC]] and [[Unix]] editors. For example, XEDIT supports automatic line numbers, and many of the commands operate on blocks of lines. A pair of features allows selective line and column editing.<ref>source of wording: TRANSLATE of [[KEDIT]], in the German article</ref> The ''ALL'' command, for example, hides all lines not matching the described pattern, and the COL (Column) command allows hiding those columns not specified. Hence changing, for example, the word NO as it appears only in columns 24 thru 28, to YES, and only on lines with the word FLEXIBLE, is doable.

Another feature is a ''command line'' which allows the user to type arbitrary editor commands. Because IBM 3270 terminals do not transmit data to the computer until certain special keys are pressed [such as {{keypress|ENTER}}, a program [[function key]] (PFK), or a program access key (PAK)],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSL28L_1.1.0/scriptguide/dcvl8mst101.html |title=PA - program access key statement |date=28 October 2015 |publisher=IBM |access-date=December 21, 2018}}</ref> XEDIT is less interactive than many PC and Unix editors. For example, continuous spell-checking as the user types is problematic.

==Typical screen layout==
<syntaxhighlight lang="text" line>
 MOHICANS SCRIPT A1 V 132 Trunc=132 Size=10 Line=10 Col=1 Alt=10
XEDIT:
===== Last of the Mohicans
===== .sp
===== It was a feature peculiar to the colonial wars of North America,
===== that the toils and dangers of the wilderness were to be encountered
===== before the adverse hosts could meet.
===== A wide and apparently an impervious boundary of forests severed
===== the possessions of the hostile provinces of France and England.
===== The hardy colonist, and the trained European who fought at his
===== side, frequently expended months in struggling against the rapids
===== of the streams, or in effecting the rugged passes of the mountains
|...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7...
===== * * * End of File * * *
====>
                                                         X E D I T 1 File
</syntaxhighlight>
[[File:Input mode on newer XEDIT.png|thumb|XEDIT in "input mode," waiting for the user to input more text.]]
Notable features of the screen layout:
*The top line provides details about line format where:
**{{code|MOHICANS}} &nbsp; is the filename
**{{code|SCRIPT}} &nbsp; is the filetype
**{{code|A1}} &nbsp; is the filemode (default, indicating which disk the file is on)
**{{code|V}} &nbsp; is the record format ([[RECFM]]) which can be Fixed or Variable
**{{code|132}} &nbsp; is the length of the records (for V, maximum length is 65535)
**{{code|1=Trunc=132}} &nbsp; indicates changes beyond 132 columns will be ignored
**{{code|1=Size=10}} &nbsp; denotes total number of lines in file
**{{code|1=Line=10}} &nbsp; denotes the current line
**{{code|1=Col=1}} &nbsp; denotes the current column
**{{code|1=Alt=10}} &nbsp; indicates that ten changes have been made while XEDITing
*The [[equal sign]]s <code>=====</code> at the beginning of the lines provide space for line numbers if desired, and a place to enter XEDIT prefix commands that may operate on blocks of lines.
*The line beginning |...+ is a ruler that e.g. might show tabulator positions.
*The following line marks end-of-file, appearing in XEDIT as if it followed the last actual line of the file.
*The next-to-bottom line showing <code>====></code> is a [[command line]] for entering XEDIT or system (CP/CMS) commands or macros.
*There is no mouse pointer because most IBM 3270 terminals did not have mice.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/zos/basics/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.zos.znetwork/znetwork_261.htm |title=Introduction to the 3270 terminal |work=Networking on z/OS |publisher=[[IBM]] |quote=The selector pen was light-based (optical) and it was used to select options on the text screen, similar to how a mouse is used--but of course, the 3270 terminal did not support a mouse.}}</ref>
*Most IBM 3270 terminals had 12 or 24 [[function key|program function keys]] (PFKs) (and also two or three program assist keys), to which XEDIT commands or macros could be assigned.
*XEDIT commands can be used to change the screen appearance. Some examples include:
**Moving the position of (or eliminating) the command line
**Moving the position of (or eliminating) the TABS marker line
**Moving the position of (or eliminating) the PREFIX lines
**Changing the prefix line from equal signs (<code>=====</code>) to line numbers (nnnnn)
**Defining whether or not TAB characters are to be expanded
**Defining which lines are to be displayed by scope (SELECT)
**Showing the data on a display screen or in typewriter mode
**Specifying text line(s) to be displayed on the screen (RESERVED)
**Eliminating the TOFEOF lines ({{code|* * * Top of File * * *}} {{--}}and{{--}} {{code|* * * End of File * * *}})
**Displaying (or eliminating) SHADOW lines (indications that lines are not being displayed)
**Displaying (or eliminating) the SCALE line (a scale or ruler to assist editing)
**Changing the background and foreground colors used for the different portions of the screen
**Defining what lines are to be displayed (RANGE)
**Defining what columns are to be displayed (and also, if in hexadecimal, text, or both)
**Defining multiple XEDIT screens [sizes, location (over/under, side by side, combinations)]

==Macro language==
XEDIT macros (scripts) can be written in [[Rexx]], [[Object REXX|ooRexx]], [[EXEC 2]], or [[CMS EXEC|EXEC]].
XEDIT exposes the majority of its internal state to the macro environment, allowing macros to easily read and set internal variables that control its operation.

===KEXX===
KEDIT 5 for DOS and OS/2 supports an external Rexx interpreter (native OS/2 Rexx or Quercus Rexx, for DOS only Quercus Rexx replacing the older Mansfield Rexx) and its own rather limited '''KEXX''' subset. KEDITW 1.6.1 for Windows supports only its own internal '''KEXX''' 5.62 version of the [[Rexx]] language.<ref name="keditw">{{cite web
|url=http://www.kedit.com/features.ia1.html
|title=KEDIT for Windows
|publisher=Mansfield Software Group
|access-date=2015-02-22
|year=2014}}</ref> Macros can be arranged in the <code><abbr title="Kedit Macro Library">.kml</abbr></code> file format.

==History==
XEDIT was written by IBM employee Xavier de Lamberterie and was first released in 1980.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Melinda |last=Varian |title=VM and the VM community, past present, and future |journal=SHARE 89 Sessions 9059-9061 |year=1997 |url=http://web.me.com/melinda.varian/Site/Melinda_Varians_Home_Page_files/25paper.pdf |access-date=September 20, 2011 }}</ref>
Its predecessor was '''EDIT SP''' (SP is an initialism for ''System Product'' used by [[IBM]]). Other key influences were '''EDIT''', the older editor for CMS, and '''EDGAR''', an IBM Program Product editor for CMS.  XEDIT supported many of the EDGAR commands, '''SOS''' (Screen Output Simulation) being a major one. XEDIT also supported [[EXEC 2]], the predecessor of Rexx.

==PC and Unix adaptations==
[[File:KeditW 1.6.1.png|thumb|right|Keditw 1.6.1 screenshot]]
When PCs and Unix computers began to supplant IBM 3270 terminals, some users wanted text editors that resembled the XEDIT they were accustomed to. To fill this need, several developers provided similar programs:

===KEDIT===
{{for|the discontinued KDE text editor KEdit|List of KDE applications#Discontinued}}
'''KEDIT''' by Mansfield Software Group, Inc., was the first XEDIT clone. Although originally released in 1983, the first major release was version 3.53 for [[DOS]], released in 1985.<ref name="mansfield" /> By 1990,<ref>{{cite magazine  |magazine=[[PC Week]] |date=July 2, 1990
   |title=Well-programmed functions are key to intuitive interface
   |author=Peter Coffee  |page=25}}</ref> KEDIT 4.0 had a version supporting [[OS/2]], and included the ALL command.<ref>PC Week, May 28, 1990, p. 5</ref>

The last version for DOS and OS/2 was KEDIT 5.0p4. KeditW (for Windows) is at version 1.6.1 dated December 2012.<ref name="ked161"/> Some earlier Windows versions were:
* Release being 1.5 service level 3, dated January 1998
* Version 1.6, dated December 2007 

KEDIT 1.6 supports [[syntax highlighting]] for various languages including [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[COBOL]], [[Fortran|FORTRAN]], [[HTML]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]], and [[xBase]] defined in the <code><abbr title="Kedit Language Definition">.kld</abbr></code> file format.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xml.coverpages.org/dssslKedit0-kld.txt|title=DSSSL.KLD - KEDIT Language Definition for DSSSL Specifications|date=March 1997|author=Geir Ove Grønmo|work=XML Coverpages|publisher=[[OASIS (organization)|OASIS]]|access-date=2015-02-27}}</ref>

KEDIT supports a built-in Rexx-subset called '''[[#KEXX|KEXX]]'''.  Mansfield Software created the first non-IBM implementation of Rexx (''Personal Rexx'') in 1985.<ref name="mansfield">{{cite web
   |url=http://www.rexxla.org/rexxlang/mfc/rexxhist.html
   |title=A brief History of 'Classic' Rexx
   |first=Mike  |last=Cowlishaw  |author-link=Mike Cowlishaw  |year=2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
   |url=http://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub//tex/bib/rexx.html
   |title=a bibliography of books, manuals, and other publications about the Rexx scripting language
   |first=Nelson H. F.  |last=Beebe  |date=April 12, 2006}}</ref>

In December 2012 Mansfield Software released 1.6.1 to provide compatibility with Windows 8 and extended support to at least June {{as of|2015|alt=2015}}. These 32bit versions work also in the 64bit versions of Windows 7 and Vista, but do not directly support [[Unicode]]. As of December 2022, Kedit supports Windows 10 and 11 too, and Mansfield promises email support until at least June 2024.<ref name="keditw"/><ref name="ked161">{{cite web
|url=http://www.kedit.com/whatsnew.html
|title=KEDIT: What's New
|publisher=Mansfield Software Group
|date=November 2014|access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref>

===SEDIT===
'''SEDIT''' (first released in 1989) is another implementation on both Windows and Unix, which supports a variant of Rexx language called '''S/REXX''' (announced in 1994).<ref>{{cite conference
   |url=http://www.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-wrap/getdoc/slac-r-464-Frontmatter.pdf
   |title=S/REXX by Benaroya
   |first=David
   |last=Salthouse
   |book-title=Proceedings of the 6th International Rexx Symposium
   |publisher=Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
   |pages=284–290
   |year=1995
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.rexxla.org/Symposium/1995/report.html
 |first=Melinda
 |last=Varian
 |title=Report &mdash; REXX Symposium
 |date=May 1995
 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207021650/http://www.rexxla.org/Symposium/1995/report.html
 |archive-date=February 7, 2008
 |url-status=dead
}} </ref>

==={{Anchor|A-THE}}THE (The Hessling Editor)===
[[File:The_Hessling_Editor_-_twin_session.png|thumb|150px|Twin session]]

'''The Hessling Editor''' (THE) is an open source [[text editor]] first released in {{Start date and age|1991|08|paren=yes}},<ref name="LaJolla"/> released under the [[GNU General Public License|GPL-2.0-or-later]] license, <ref name="THE-sf">{{cite web|title=The Hessling Editor|url=http://hessling-editor.sourceforge.net|website=sourceforge.net|access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref> and available for many operating systems including [[QNX]], [[OS/2]], [[DOS]], [[BeOS]], [[Amiga]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP and most or all [[POSIX]] [[Unix]] platforms (as a program for text-mode or native [[X Window System|X11]]).<ref name="THE-sf"/> THE is a derivation of the IBM Mainframe VM/CMS editor XEDIT that includes support for versions of the REXX scripting language, <ref name="Ubuntu">{{cite book|last=von Hagen |first=William|date=2009|title=Ubuntu 8.10 Linux Bible|isbn=9780470294208|oclc=957298546|publisher=Wiley Inc.|location=Indianapolis and Canada|page=603}}</ref> and takes some features from [[#KEDIT|KEDIT]].<ref name="Cookbook">{{cite book | last = Stutz | first = Michael |title = The Linux cookbook : tips and techniques for everyday use |page=270 |publisher = No Starch Press |location = San Francisco |year = 2004 |isbn = 1593270313 |ol=OL15571202M|edition=2nd |oclc=53183579}}</ref> THE was written in [[C (programming language)|C]] with [[PDCurses]] also required for some platforms.<ref name="LaJolla"/>  A [[Rexx|REXX]] interpreter such as Regina is also required for THE's REXX macro capability.<ref name="LaJolla"/>

THE's author, Mark Hessling, discussed at the 1993 REXX conference in [[La Jolla]], California why he created a new multi-platform text editor.<ref name="LaJolla">{{cite web |title=Announcement of THE - The Hessling Editor |author=Mark Hessling |publisher=[[Stanford University]] |date=May 18, 1993 |page=94 |url=https://www.slac.stanford.edu/pubs/slacreports/reports01/slac-r-422.pdf |access-date=May 8, 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kedit.com/ KEDIT], a Mansfield Software Group product, for DOS, OS/2, and Windows.
*[http://www.rexswain.com/kedit.html KEDIT/KEXX summary] by Rex Swain
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522122634/http://omniplex.om.funpic.de/xedit.htm |date=May 22, 2013 |title=KEXX Macros }} macro collection
*[http://digilander.libero.it/ambusy/computer.html PcXedit], a [[freeware]] program for Windows.
*[http://www.sedit.com/ SEDIT and S/REXX] for Unix and Windows product description
*[http://hessling-editor.sourceforge.net/ THE], [[The Hessling Editor]], open source using [[Rexx|Regina]] as its macro language
*[http://www.wrkgrp.com/unixedit/ uni-XEDIT] for Unix product description (2003)
*[https://github.com/devhawala/mecaff EE], fullscreen editor for VM/370-R6 SixPack

[[Category:Text editors|XEDIT]]
[[Category:IBM mainframe software]]
[[Category:Command shells]]
[[Category:IBM software]]
[[Category:Rexx]]
[[Category:VM (operating system)]]