Editing XScale

{{Short description|Microprocessor core}}
{{For|the model railroad scale|X scale}}
'''XScale''' is a [[microarchitecture]] for [[central processing unit]]s initially designed by [[Intel]] implementing the [[ARM architecture]] (version 5) [[instruction set]]. XScale comprises several distinct families: IXP, IXC, IOP, PXA and CE (see more below), with some later models designed as [[System on a chip|system-on-a-chip]] (SoC). Intel sold the PXA family to [[Marvell Technology Group]] in June 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eet.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=189601851|title=Marvell buys Intel's handheld processor unit for $600 million|work=EETimes}}</ref> Marvell then extended the brand to include processors with other [[microarchitecture]]s, like [[Arm (company)|Arm]]'s [[Cortex-A|Cortex]].

The XScale architecture is based on the ARMv5TE [[Instruction Set|ISA]] without the [[floating-point]] instructions. XScale uses a seven-stage integer and an eight-stage memory super-[[instruction pipeline|pipelined]] [[microarchitecture]]. It is the successor to the Intel [[StrongARM]] line of [[microprocessor]]s and [[microcontroller]]s, which Intel acquired from [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]]'s Digital Semiconductor division as part of a settlement of a lawsuit between the two companies. Intel used the StrongARM to replace its ailing line of outdated [[RISC]] processors, the [[Intel i860|i860]] and [[Intel i960|i960]].

All the generations of XScale are 32-bit ARMv5TE processors manufactured with a 0.18&nbsp;μm or 0.13&nbsp;μm (as in IXP43x parts) process and have a 32&nbsp;[[Kilobyte|KB]] data [[CPU cache|cache]] and a 32&nbsp;KB instruction cache. First- and second-generation XScale [[multi-core processor]]s also have a 2&nbsp;KB mini data cache (claimed to "avoid 'thrashing' of the D-Cache for frequently changing data streams"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.a4com.de/riscos/down/xs_prodbrief.pdf |title=Intel Microarchitecture XScale}}</ref>). Products based on the third-generation XScale have up to 512&nbsp;KB unified L2 cache.<ref>{{cite web|title=3rd Generation Intel XScale(R) Microarchitecture Developer's Manual|url=http://download.intel.com/design/intelxscale/31628302.pdf|date=May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225120503/http://download.intel.com/design/intelxscale/31628302.pdf|archive-date=February 25, 2008}}</ref>

==Processor families==
The XScale core is used in a number of [[microcontroller]] families manufactured by [[Intel]] and Marvell:

* Application processors (with the prefix PXA). There are four generations of XScale application processors, described below: PXA210/PXA25x, PXA26x, PXA27x, and PXA3xx.
* I/O processors (with the prefix IOP).
* Network processors (with the prefix IXP).
* [[Control plane]] processors (with the prefix IXC).
* Consumer electronics processors (with the prefix CE).

There are also standalone processors: the 80200 and 80219 (targeted primarily at [[Peripheral Component Interconnect|PCI]] applications).

===PXA===
PXA System on a Chip (SoC) products were designed in Austin, Texas.  The code-names for this product line are small towns in Texas, primarily near deer hunting leases frequented by the Intel XScale core and mobile phone SoC marketing team. PXA System on a Chip products were popular on smartphones and PDAs (with [[Windows Mobile]], [[Symbian OS]], [[Palm OS]]) during 2000 to 2006.<ref> {{Cite web |title=Intel And Symbian To Deliver Data-Enabled Mobile Phone Platform |url=https://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2002/20020424corp.htm |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=www.intel.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Released date
!Code name
!ARM type
![[Semiconductor device fabrication|Fab]]
!Size
!Pin count
![[Clock speed]]s
|-
! colspan="8" |PXA21x and PXA26x
|-
!PXA210
| rowspan="2" |February 2002
|'''-'''
| rowspan="3" |ARMv5 XScale1 core<ref>{{Cite web|title=ARM Marvell SoCs — The Linux Kernel documentation|url=https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/arm/marvel.html|access-date=2021-01-27|website=www.kernel.org}}</ref>
|
|13x13mm<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=PXA210 Processors Datasheet pdf - Application Processors. Equivalent, Catalog|url=https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf/1144551/Intel/PXA210/1|access-date=2021-01-27|website=datasheetspdf.com}}</ref>
|255 pin [[PBGA|T-PBGA]]
|133&nbsp;MHz and 200&nbsp;MHz
|-
!PXA250
| rowspan="2" |'''Cotulla'''
|
| rowspan="2" |17x17mm<ref name=":0" />
| rowspan="2" |256-pin [[PBGA]]
| rowspan="2" |200&nbsp;[[MHz]], 300&nbsp;MHz and 400&nbsp;MHz<ref>{{Cite web|first=François |last=Bedin |title=Intel XScale, un processeur plus puissant pour les PDA|trans-title=Intel XScale, a more powerful processor for PDAs|url=https://www.01net.com/actualites/intel-xscale-un-processeur-plus-puissant-pour-les-pda-176654.html|access-date=2021-01-27|website=01net|date=14 February 2002 |language=fr}}</ref>
|-
!PXA255
|March 2003
|
|-
! colspan="8" |PXA26x
|-
!PXA260
| rowspan="3" |March 2003
| rowspan="3" |'''Dalhart'''
| rowspan="3" |ARMv5 XScale1 core<ref>{{Cite web|title=Documentation/arm/Marvell/README · 15a48d6f42683f0d53b131b824c18a7bf84978b1 · ARM / NXP / i.MX6 / BSP8 / release / linux-4-14-secoboards-imx6-rel|url=https://git.seco.com/arm/nxp/imx6/bsp8/release/linux-4-14-secoboards-imx6-rel/blob/15a48d6f42683f0d53b131b824c18a7bf84978b1/Documentation/arm/Marvell/README|access-date=2021-01-27|website=GitLab|language=en}}</ref>
|
|
|
| rowspan="3" |200&nbsp;[[MHz]], 300&nbsp;MHz and 400&nbsp;MHz
|-
!PXA261
|
|
|
|-
!PXA263
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="8" |PXA27x
|-
!PXA270
| rowspan="3" |April 2004
| rowspan="3" |'''Bulverde'''
| rowspan="3" |ARMv5 XScale2 core
|
|
|
|312&nbsp;MHz, 416&nbsp;MHz, 520&nbsp;MHz and 624&nbsp;MHz
|-
!PXA271
|
|
|
|13, 104, 208&nbsp;MHz or 416&nbsp;MHz
|-
!PXA272
|
|
|
|312&nbsp;MHz, 416&nbsp;MHz or 520&nbsp;MHz
|-
! colspan="8" |PXA3xx
|-
!PXA300
| rowspan="3" |August 2005
| rowspan="3" |'''Monahans'''
| rowspan="3" |ARMv5 XScale3 core
|
|
|
|208 MHz, 624 MHz
|-
!PXA310
|
|
|
|624 MHz
|-
!PXA320
|
|
|
|806&nbsp;MHz
|-
! colspan="8" |PXA90x
|-
!PXA90x
|
|
|
|130&nbsp;nm
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="8" |PXA93x
|-
!PXA930
|
| rowspan="2" |'''Tavor'''
| rowspan="2" |ARMv5 XScale3 core
|65&nbsp;nm
|
|
| 624 MHz, 1000 MHz
|-
!PXA935
|
|45&nbsp;nm
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="8" |PXA95x
|-
!PXA955
|
|
|ARMv7
|
|
|
|
|}

====PXA210/PXA25x====
[[File:Typhoon MyGuide 3500 mobile - controller - Intel PXA255A0C300-1180.jpg|thumb|Intel PXA255]]
The PXA210 was Intel's entry-level XScale targeted at [[mobile phone]] applications. It was released with the PXA250 in February 2002 and comes clocked at 133&nbsp;MHz and 200&nbsp;MHz.

The PXA25x family (code-named '''Cotulla''') consists of the PXA250 and PXA255. The PXA250 was Intel's first generation of XScale processors. There was a choice of three [[clock speed]]s: 200&nbsp;[[MHz]], 300&nbsp;MHz and 400&nbsp;MHz. It came out in February 2002. In March 2003, the revision C0 of the PXA250 was renamed to PXA255.  The main differences were a doubled internal bus speed (100&nbsp;MHz to 200&nbsp;MHz) for faster data transfer, lower core voltage (only 1.3&nbsp;V at 400&nbsp;MHz) for lower power consumption and [[Cache misses|writeback]] functionality for the data cache, the lack of which had severely impaired performance on the PXA250.

Intel XScale Core Features :

* ARMv5TE
* ARM Thumb
* ARM DSP
* L1 32-KByte data and instruction cache

====PXA26x====
The PXA26x family (code-named '''Dalhart''') consists of the PXA260 and PXA261-PXA263.  The PXA260 is a stand-alone processor clocked at the same frequency as the PXA25x, but features a TPBGA package which is about 53% smaller than the PXA25x's PBGA package.  The PXA261-PXA263 are the same as the PXA260 but have Intel [[StrataFlash]] memory stacked on top of the processor in the same package; 16&nbsp;MB of 16-bit memory in the PXA261, 32&nbsp;MB of 16-bit memory in the PXA262 and 32&nbsp;MB of 32-bit memory in the PXA263. The PXA26x family was released in March 2003.

====PXA27x====
[[File:Intel PXA270, 624MHz.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Intel PXA270 with 624 MHz]]
The PXA27x family (code-named '''Bulverde''') consists of the PXA270 and PXA271-PXA272 processors. This revision is a huge update to the XScale family of processors. The PXA270 is clocked in four different speeds: 312&nbsp;MHz, 416&nbsp;MHz, 520&nbsp;MHz and 624&nbsp;MHz and is a stand-alone processor with no packaged memory. The PXA271 can be clocked to 13, 104, 208&nbsp;MHz or 416&nbsp;MHz and has 32&nbsp;MB of 16-bit stacked StrataFlash memory and 32&nbsp;MB of 16-bit SDRAM in the same package. The PXA272 can be clocked to 312&nbsp;MHz, 416&nbsp;MHz or 520&nbsp;MHz and has 64&nbsp;MB of 32-bit stacked StrataFlash memory.

Intel also added many new technologies to the PXA27x family such as:
* [[SpeedStep]]: the operating system can clock the processor down based on load to save power.
* Wireless [[MMX (instruction set)|MMX]] (code-named '''Concan'''; "iwMMXt"): 43 new [[SIMD]] instructions containing the full MMX [[instruction set]] and the integer instructions from Intel's [[Streaming SIMD Extensions|SSE]] instruction set along with some instructions unique to the XScale.  Wireless MMX provides 16 extra 64-bit [[Processor register|registers]] that can be treated as an array of two 32-bit [[Word (data type)|word]]s, four 16-bit halfwords or eight 8-bit [[byte]]s. The XScale core can then perform up to eight adds or four [[multiply–accumulate|MAC]]s in parallel in a single cycle. This capability is used to boost speed in [[data compression|decoding]] and [[data compression|encoding]] of multimedia and in playing games.
* Additional [[peripherals]], such as a USB-Host interface and a camera interface.
* Internal 256&nbsp;KB [[static random access memory|SRAM]] to reduce power consumption and latency.

The PXA27x family was released in April 2004. Along with the PXA27x family Intel released the [[Intel 2700G|2700G]] embedded graphics [[co-processor]](code-named Marathon).

====PXA3xx====
[[Image:Toradex Colibri XScale Monahans PXA290.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Toradex Colibri XScale '''Monahans''' PXA290 SODIMM-module (Prototype Of Marvell PXA320 SODIMM-module)]]
In August 2005 Intel announced the successor to '''Bulverde''', codenamed '''Monahans'''.

Demonstrated showing its capability to play back high definition encoded video on a [[Personal digital assistant|PDA]] screen, the new processor was shown clocked at 1.25&nbsp;GHz but Intel said it only offered a 25% increase in performance (800&nbsp;[[million instructions per second|MIPS]] for the 624&nbsp;MHz PXA270 processor vs. 1000&nbsp;MIPS for 1.25&nbsp;GHz '''Monahans'''). 

An announced successor to the 2700G graphics processor, code named Stanwood, was later canceled. sd features of Stanwood are integrated into '''Monahans'''. For extra graphics capabilities, Intel recommends third-party chips like the [[Nvidia]] [[GoForce]] chip family.

In November 2006, [[Marvell Technology Group|Marvell Semiconductor]] officially introduced the '''Monahans''' family as Marvell PXA320, PXA300, and PXA310.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.marvell.com/products/cellular/Next_Generation_Application_Processors_Smartphones_Handhelds_Consumer/release/680/|title=Marvell Introduces Next Generation Application Processors|publisher=[[Marvell Technology Group|Marvell]]|date=November 29, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216122723/http://marvell.com/press/pressNewsDisplay.do?releaseID=680|archive-date=December 16, 2009}}</ref> PXA320 is currently shipping in high volume, and is scalable up to 806&nbsp;MHz. PXA300 and PXA310 deliver performance "scalable to 624&nbsp;MHz", and are software-compatible with PXA320.

====PXA800F====
Codenamed '''Manitoba,''' Intel PXA800F was a SoC introduced by Intel in 2003 for use in [[GSM]]- and [[General Packet Radio Service|GPRS]]-enabled mobile phones. The chip was built around an XScale processor core, the likes of which had been used in PDAs, clocked at 312&nbsp;MHz and manufactured with a 0.13 μm process, with 4&nbsp;MB of integrated flash memory and a [[digital signal processor]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-02-13 |title=Intel Announces 'Wireless-Internet-On-A-Chip' For Cell Phones |url=https://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2003/20030213net.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124003501/https://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2003/20030213net.htm |archive-date=2022-01-24 |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=Intel Newsroom}}</ref>

A prototype board with the chip was demoed during the Intel Developer Forum.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulish |first=Kim |date=2003-02-18 |title=Intel demonstrates the all-in one smartphone Manitoba PXA800F chip... |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/intel-demonstrates-the-all-in-one-smartphone-manitoba-news-photo/524064410 |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=Getty Images |publisher=Corbis}}</ref> Intel noted it was in talks with leading mobile phone manufacturers, such as [[Microsoft Mobile|Nokia]], [[Motorola Mobility|Motorola]], [[Samsung Electronics|Samsung]], [[Siemens Mobile|Siemens]] and [[Sony Mobile|Sony Ericsson]], about incorporating Manitoba into their phones.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Young |first=Doug |date=2003-02-13 |title=Intel launches cell phone chip, names endorsements |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

[[O2 (UK)|O2]] XM, released in 2005, was the only mobile phone with a documented use of the Manitoba chip.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Tony |date=2005-07-19 |title=O2 XM music phone: Intel Mobile Media Technology debuts |url=https://www.theregister.com/2005/07/19/review_o2_xm/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124005249/https://www.theregister.com/2005/07/19/review_o2_xm/ |archive-date=2022-01-24 |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=The Register |language=en}}</ref> An Intel executive stated that the chip version used in the phone was reworked to be less expensive than the initial one.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krazit |first=Tom |date=2005-06-06 |title=O2 finally gives Intel's Manitoba a home |url=https://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/article/133204/o2_finally_gives_intel_manitoba_home/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124010028/https://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/article/133204/o2_finally_gives_intel_manitoba_home/ |archive-date=2022-01-24 |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=PC World Australia |publisher=IDG News Service}}</ref>

====PXA90x====
The PXA90x, codenamed '''Hermon''', was a successor to Manitoba with [[3G]] support. The PXA90x is built using a 130&nbsp;nm process.<ref>[http://pdadb.net/index.php?m=cpu&id=a900&c=intel_xscale_pxa900 Intel XScale PXA900 (Hermon) Application Processor with Modem Datasheet | CPUlist]. PDAdb.net (2012-02-25). Retrieved on 2013-08-02.</ref> The SoC continued being marketed by Marvell as they acquired Intel's XScale business.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldstein |first=Harry |date=2005-01-01 |title=Intel Tries, Tries Again |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/intel-tries-tries-again |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=IEEE Spectrum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-11-29 |title=Marvell Introduces Next Generation Application Processors for Smartphones, Handhelds and Consumer Electronic Devices |url=https://www.marvell.com/company/newsroom/marvell-introduces-next-generation-application-processors-for-smartphones-handhelds-and-consumer-electronic-devices.html |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=Marvell}}</ref>

====PXA16x====
[[File:SOM168.jpg|thumb|PXA168 [[System on module|System On Module]] by tianyeit.com]]

PXA16x is a processor designed by Marvell, combining the earlier Intel designed PXA [[System on a chip|SoC]] components with a new ARMv5TE CPU core named '''Mohawk''' or '''PJ1''' from Marvell's '''Sheeva''' family instead of using wdc Xscale or ARM design. The CPU core is derived from the '''Feroceon''' core used in Marvell's embedded [[Marvell Technology Group|Kirkwood]] product line, but extended for instruction level compatibility with the XScale IWMMX.

The PXA16x delivers strong performance at a mass market price point for cost sensitive consumer and embedded markets such as digital picture frames, E Readers, multifunction printer user interface (UI) displays, interactive VoIP phones, IP surveillance cameras, and home control gadgets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marvell.com/products/processors/applications/armada_100|title=Marvell ARMADA 100 Processors product page|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416181014/http://www.marvell.com/products/processors/applications/armada_100|archive-date=April 16, 2010}}</ref>

====PXA930/935====
The PXA930 and PXA935 processor series were again built using the Sheeva microarchitecture developed by Marvell but upgraded to ARMv7 instruction set compatibility.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://translate.google.nl/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=nl&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Ftweakers.net%2Freviews%2F1766%2F4%2Fblackberry-pearl-3g-klein-en-kwiek-hardware-en-bouwkwaliteit.html&sl=nl&tl=en Google Vertalen]. Translate.google.nl. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.</ref> This core is a so-called Tri-core architecture<ref name="marvell.com">{{cite press release|url=http://www.marvell.com/company/news/press_detail.html?releaseID=1329|title=Marvell Empowers Mass Market TD-SCDMA OPhones with PXA920 Chipset|date=September 8, 2009|publisher=Marvell|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603000800/http://www.marvell.com/company/news/press_detail.html?releaseID=1329|archive-date=June 3, 2010}}</ref> codenamed Tavor; Tri-core means it supports the ARMv5TE, ARMv6 and ARMv7 instruction sets.<ref name="marvell.com"/><ref name="pdadb.net">[http://pdadb.net/index.php?m=cpu&id=a935&c=marvell_pxa935 Marvell PXA935 (Tavor-P65) Application Processor with Modem Datasheet | CPUlist]. PDAdb.net (2012-02-25). Retrieved on 2013-08-02.</ref> This new architecture was a significant leap from the old Xscale architecture. The PXA930 uses 65&nbsp;nm technology<ref>[http://pdadb.net/index.php?m=cpu&id=a930&c=marvell_pxa930 Marvell PXA930 (Tavor-MG1) Application Processor with Modem Datasheet | CPUlist]. PDAdb.net (2012-02-25). Retrieved on 2013-08-02.</ref> while the PXA935 is built using the 45&nbsp;nm process.<ref name="pdadb.net"/>

The PXA930 is used in the [[BlackBerry Bold 9700]].

====PXA940====
Little is known about the PXA940, although it is known to be [[ARM Cortex-A8]] compliant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://extranet.marvell.com/technologies/cpu_history/cpu_history.jsp |title=Marvell: History of CPU |website=extranet.marvell.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803113926/http://extranet.marvell.com/technologies/cpu_history/cpu_history.jsp |archive-date=3 August 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is utilized in the BlackBerry Torch 9800<ref>[https://archive.today/20110717134114/http://www.ubmtechinsights.com/reports-and-subscriptions/investigative-analysis/blackberry-torch-9800/teardown/ Blackberry Torch 9800 - Teardown : TechInsights]. Ubmtechinsights.com (2012-10-25). Retrieved on 2013-08-02.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ubmtechinsights.com/uploadedImages/Public_Website/Content_-_Primary/Investigative_Analysis/2010/Blackberry_Torch_9800/torch-front-web.jpg |title=BlackBerry Torch - Front |access-date=November 12, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717134048/http://www.ubmtechinsights.com/uploadedImages/Public_Website/Content_-_Primary/Investigative_Analysis/2010/Blackberry_Torch_9800/torch-front-web.jpg |archive-date=July 17, 2011 }}</ref> and is built using 45&nbsp;nm technology.

====PXA986/PXA988====
After XScale and Sheeva, the PXA98x uses the third CPU core design, this time licensed directly from ARM, in form of dual core [[Cortex A9]] application processors<ref>Fingas, Jon. (2012-08-14) [https://www.engadget.com/2012/08/14/marvell-pxa988-and-pxa986-chips-support-3g-for-china-and-the-world/ Marvell PXA988, PXA986 chips support 3G for China, the world without reinventing the wheel (or phone)]. Engadget.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.</ref> utilized by devices like [[Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 7.0]].<ref>[http://www.ubergizmo.com/2013/05/samsung-galaxy-tab-3-runs-on-a-marvel-pxa986-processor/ Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 Runs On A Marvell PXA986 Processor]. Ubergizmo. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.</ref>

====PXA1088====
It is a quad core [[Cortex A7]] application processor with [[Vivante]] GPU.<ref>Gorman, Michael. (2013-02-19) [https://www.engadget.com/2013/02/19/marvell-pxa1088-quad-core-cortec-a7-soc/ Marvell announces PXA1088 quad-core SoC for globetrotting phones and tablets]. Engadget.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.</ref>

===IXC===

====IXC1100====
The IXC1100 processor features clock speeds at 266, 400, and 533&nbsp;MHz, a 133&nbsp;MHz bus, 32&nbsp;KB of instruction cache, 32&nbsp;KB of data cache, and 2&nbsp;KB of mini-data cache. It is also designed for low power consumption, using 2.4&nbsp;W at 533&nbsp;MHz.  The chip comes in the 35&nbsp;mm PBGA package.

===IOP===
The IOP line of processors is designed to allow computers and storage devices to transfer data and increase performance by offloading I/O functionality from the main CPU of the device. The IOP3XX processors are based on the XScale architecture and designed to replace the older 80219 sd and i960 family of chips. There are ten different IOP processors currently available: IOP303, IOP310, IOP315, IOP321, IOP331, IOP332, IOP333, IOP341, IOP342 and IOP348. Clock speeds range from 100&nbsp;MHz to 1.2&nbsp;GHz.  The processors also differ in PCI bus type, PCI bus speed, memory type, maximum memory allowable, and the number of processor cores.

===IXP network processor===
[[File:Intel IXP425 SoC.jpg|thumb|Intel XScale IXP425 SoC in ceramic package]]
The XScale core is utilized in the second generation of Intel's IXP network processor line, while the first generation used StrongARM cores. The IXP network processor family ranges from solutions aimed at small/medium office network applications, IXP4XX, to high performance network processors such as the IXP2850, capable of sustaining up to [[OC-192]] line rates. In IXP4XX devices the XScale core is used as both a control and data plane processor, providing both system control and data processing. The task of the XScale in the IXP2XXX devices is typically to provide control plane functionality only, with data processing performed by the [[Microfabrication|microengines]], examples of such control plane tasks include routing table updates, microengine control, and memory management.

===CE===
In April 2007, Intel announced an XScale-based processor targeting [[consumer electronics]] markets, the Intel CE 2110 (codenamed Olo River).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2007/20070416comp_a.htm|title=Intel System-On-A-Chip Media Processor Powers New Generation Of Consumer Electronics Devices}}</ref>

==Applications==
XScale microprocessors were used in [[Research In Motion|RIM]]'s [[BlackBerry]] handheld, the [[Dell Axim]] family of [[Pocket PC]]s, most of the [[Zire]], [[Palm Treo|Treo]] and [[Tungsten Handheld]] lines by [[PalmOne, Inc.|Palm]], later versions of the [[Sharp Zaurus]], the [[Motorola A780]], the Acer n50, the Compaq [[iPaq]] 3900 series, and in other [[personal digital assistant|PDA]]s. It was the [[central processing unit|CPU]] in the [[Iyonix PC]] desktop computer running [[RISC OS]], and the [[NSLU2]] (Slug) running [[Linux]]. XScale is also used in devices such as PVPs (Portable Video Players), PMCs (Portable Media Centres), including the [[Creative Zen]] Portable Media Player and [[Amazon Kindle]] E-Book reader, and in industrial embedded systems.

At the other end of the market, the XScale IOP33x Storage I/O processors are used in some Intel [[Xeon]]-based server platforms.

==Sale of PXA processor line==
On June 27, 2006, the sale of Intel's XScale PXA mobile processor assets was announced.  Intel agreed to sell the XScale PXA business to [[Marvell Technology Group]] for an estimated $600 million in cash and the assumption of unspecified liabilities. The move was intended to permit Intel to focus its resources on its core x86 and server businesses. Marvell holds a full architecture license for ARM, allowing it to design chips to implement the ARM instruction set, not just license a processor core.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marvell.com/products/cellular/xscale_micro.jsp|title=About the Intel XScale Microarchitecture|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802035358/http://www.marvell.com/products/cellular/xscale_micro.jsp|archive-date=August 2, 2009}}</ref>

The acquisition was completed on November 9, 2006. Intel was expected to continue manufacturing XScale processors until Marvell secures other manufacturing facilities, and would continue manufacturing and selling the IXP and IOP processors, as they were not part of the deal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS9189781557.html |title=Intel ditches mobile phone processors |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120908060243/http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Intel-ditches-mobile-phone-processors/ |archive-date=2012-09-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The XScale effort at Intel was initiated by the purchase of the [[StrongARM]] division from [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] in 1998.<ref name="reg20060627">{{cite web|url=http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2006/06/27/intel_sells_xscale/|title=Intel sells XScale business to Marvell for $600m}}</ref> Intel still holds an ARM license even after the sale of XScale;<ref name="reg20060627"/> this license is at the architectural level.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/rogerkay/2012/10/31/amd-jumps-into-the-arm-server-business/ AMD Jumps Into The ARM Server Business]. Forbes. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.</ref>

==See also==
* [[RedBoot]] – open-source bootloader, the standard boot firmware shipped with XScale boards
* [[OMAP]] – a once competing processor line from Texas Instruments
* [[List of Qualcomm Snapdragon systems-on-chip]] – [[Qualcomm]]
* [[Exynos]] – [[Samsung]]
* [[Comparison of ARMv7-A cores]] – [[ARM architecture family|ARM]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010206222042/http://www.intel.com/design/intelxscale/ Intel XScale Technology Overview]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031016143355/http://intel.com/design/network/products/npfamily/ixp400_tpv.htm IXP4XX Toolkits]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030207183335/http://www.intel.com/design/flcomp/prodbref/251890.htm Intel StrataFlash Memory]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161012160052/http://www.marvell.com/application-processors/armada-100/assets/pxa_168_pb.pdf Marvell PXA168 high-performance processor product brief]
* [http://download.intel.com/design/iio/applnots/30851701.pdf Optimized Linux Code for Intel XScale Microarchitecture]

{{Intel processors|discontinued}}

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[[Category:ARM architecture]]
[[Category:BlackBerry]]
[[Category:ARM processors]]
[[Category:Intel microprocessors]]