Editing Yakovlev Yak-9

{{Short description|Fighter aircraft}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
| name = Yak-9
| image = Yak-9U at Central Air Force Museum Monino pic1.JPG
| caption = Yak-9, 1978
| type = [[Fighter aircraft|Fighter]]
| national_origin = [[Soviet Union]]
| design_group = [[Yakovlev|A.S. Yakovlev Design Bureau]]
| builder = [[Novosibirsk Aircraft Production Association|Plant No.153]] ([[Novosibirsk]]),  [[Production Corporation Polyot|Plant No.166]] ([[Omsk]]), Plant No.82 ([[Moscow]])
| first_flight = 6 July 1942 (Yak-7DI)
| introduction = October 1942
| retired = 1950 ([[Soviet Air Forces]]), 1951 ([[Korean People's Army Air and Anti-Air Force]]), 1955 ([[Bulgarian Air Force]])
| primary_user = [[Soviet Air Forces]]<!-- List only one user; for military aircraft, this is a nation or a service arm. Please DON'T add flag templates, as they limit horizontal space. -->
| more_users = {{unbulleted list|[[French Air Force]] ([[Normandie-Niemen]])|[[Polish Air Force]]|[[Yugoslav Air Force]]}}<!-- Limited to THREE (3) "more users" here (4 total users).  List users with {{plainlist}} or {{unbulleted list}}. -->
| produced = October 1942 – December 1948
| number_built = 16,769<ref name="Yakubovich p. 101.">Yakubovich 2008, p. 101.</ref>
| developed_from = [[Yakovlev Yak-7]]
}}

The '''Yakovlev Yak-9''' ({{langx|ru|Яковлев Як-9}}; [[NATO reporting name]]: '''Frank''')<ref>Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1955-56 p. 188</ref> is a single-[[Piston engine|engine]], single-seat multipurpose [[fighter aircraft]] used by the [[Soviet Union]] and its allies during World War II and the early [[Cold War]]. It was a development of the robust and successful [[Yakovlev Yak-7|Yak-7B]] fighter, which was based in turn on the tandem-seat advanced trainer known as the Yak-7UTI. The Yak-9 started arriving in Soviet fighter regiments in late 1942 and played a major role in retaking air superiority from the [[Luftwaffe]]'s new [[Focke-Wulf Fw 190]] and [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]] fighters during the [[Battle of Kursk]] in summer 1943.

The Yak-9 had a cut down rear fuselage with an unobscured canopy. Its lighter metal structure allowed for an increased fuel load and armament over previous models built from wood.<ref name="Gustin p. 120.">Gustin 2003, p. 120.</ref> The Yak-9 was manoeuvrable at high speeds when flying at low and medium altitudes and was also easy to control, qualities that allowed it to be one of the most produced Soviet fighters of [[World War II]].{{cn|date=June 2021}} It was produced in different variants including the Yak-9T with the {{cvt|37|mm}} cannon and the "large-calibre" Yak-9K with a {{cvt|45|mm|2}} cannon firing through the propeller hub, which were used for antitank duty and as potent aircraft destroyers, the fighter-bomber Yak-9B with an internal bomb bay behind the cockpit for up to {{cvt|400|kg}} worth of bombs, the long-range Yak-9D and the Yak-9DD with additional wing fuel tanks to escort bombers over Eastern Europe, and the Yak-9U with a more powerful engine and improved aerodynamics. The Yak-9 remained in production from 1942 to 1948, with 16,769 built (14,579 during the war).<ref name="Drabkin p. 146.">Drabkin 2007, p. 146.</ref>

After World War II, the Yak-9 also was used by the [[North Korean Air Force]] during the [[Korean War]].<ref name="Angelucci and Matricardi p. 246.">Angelucci and Matricardi 1978, p. 246.</ref>

==Design and development==
The Yak-9 represented further development of the successful [[Yakovlev Yak-7]] fighter, a production version of the lightened Yak-7DI, taking full advantage of the combat experience with its predecessor. Greater availability of [[duralumin]] allowed for lighter construction which in turn permitted a number of modifications to the basic design. Yak-9 variants used two different wings, five different engines, six different fuel tank configurations and seven different armament setups.

=== Yak-9U ===
During December 1943, the new airframe (Yak-9U) was able to use the M-107A engine, which was more powerful than the previous VK-105PF. The engine installation was new and included individual faired exhaust pipes. The oil cooler intake was moved from beneath the nose to the port wing root as well as an enlarged radiator bath being moved further aft under the fuselage. The supercharger intake was centered on the top decking of the engine cowling. The rear antenna cable was moved inside a lengthened rear canopy which provided the pilot with a better view to the rear, while the rear fuselage was cut down and the horizontal tail surfaces were slightly reduced in size. The wings and fuselage structure were made of metal which was then skinned with [[Bakelite]]. The Yak-9U was typically armed with a {{cvt|20|mm}} ShVAK cannon firing through the hollow propeller shaft, and two {{cvt|12.7|mm}} Berezin UB machine guns.<ref name="Yak-9U WW2 Weapons">{{Cite web|url=https://ww2-weapons.com/yak-9u/|title=Yak-9U > WW2 Weapons|date=2019-02-27|website=WW2 Weapons|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-22}}</ref>

State trials were carried out from January to April 1944 and revealed that the Yak-9U had a better top speed compared to fighters in service on the Eastern front at {{cvt|6000|m}}. Unlike the [[Polikarpov I-185|I-185]] the Yak-9U was stable and easy to fly. However, the M-107A engine inherited the problems of the VK-105PF and was prone to overheating, oil leaks, loss of engine pressure during climbs, spark plugs constantly burning out, and intense vibrations which would fatigue assembly bolts leading to a short engine life. These defects forced the first production batches starting during April 1944  to be powered by the more reliable M-105 PF-3 engine. Further changes were made, like increasing the fuel capacity to {{cvt|400|L}} and in order to re-balance the aircraft, the wings were moved {{cvt|9.9|cm}} forward and the aircraft's VIsh-107LO propeller being replaced with the older VIsh-105S. A total production of 1,134 aircraft were constructed by December 1944.<ref name="Yak-9U WW2 Weapons"/>

==Operational history==

===Second World War===
[[File:Истребители Як-9Д над Севастополем (6).jpg|thumb|Yak-9Ds of the 6th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment of the Air Force of the [[Black Sea Fleet]] over [[Sevastopol]], May 1944]]
The first Yak-9 entered service in October 1942 and saw combat the same year. The Yak-9 operated with a wide variety of armament for use in anti-tank, light bomber and long-range escort roles. At low altitude, in which it operated predominantly, the Yak-9 was more maneuverable than the [[Messerschmitt Bf 109|Bf 109]]. A series of improvements in performance and armament did not degrade the handling characteristics. Soviet pilots regarded the Yak-9's performance as being comparable to the Bf 109G and Fw 190A-3/A-4.<ref name="Morgan p. 52.">Morgan 1999, p. 52.</ref>
However, at the beginning of the [[Operation Barbarossa|German invasion of the Soviet Union]] Yak-9's performed poorly against the [[Luftwaffe]] because of a lack of training, although by the [[Battle of Stalingrad]] they began to perform better.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Beevor|first=Antony|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40646157|title=Stalingrad.|date=1999|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-024985-0|location=London|oclc=40646157}}</ref> After the [[Battle of Smolensk (1943)|Battle of Smolensk]], in the second half of 1943, the famed [[Free France|Free French]] [[Normandie-Niémen]] unit became a ''Groupe'' and was equipped with the Yak-9.<ref name="Morgan p. 24.">Morgan 1999, p. 24.</ref>

The first unit to use the Yak-9U, between 25 October and 25 December 1944, was 163.IAP. Pilots were ordered not to use the engine at combat speed since this reduced its life to two or three flights only. Nevertheless, in the course of 398 sorties, the unit claimed 27 [[Focke-Wulf Fw 190]]As and one Bf 109G-2, for the loss of two Yaks in dogfights, one to flak and four in accidents. The Yak-9U contributed greatly toward the Soviets gaining air superiority, and the Germans learned to avoid the Yaks “without antenna mast”.<ref name="Leonard p. 125.">Leonard 2005, p. 125.</ref>
[[File:Истребители Як-9Т на аэродроме Порт-Артура.jpg|thumb|A row of parked Yak-9Ts after the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]], [[Port Arthur, China]], September 1945 ]]
A large formation of the Yak-9DD version was transferred to [[Bari]] (the capital of [[Apulia]], in [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]) to help [[Yugoslav Partisans|Yugoslav partisans]] in the [[Balkans]].<ref name="Gunston p. 256.">Gunston 1984, p. 256.</ref>

One of the top-scoring Yak-9 pilots was First Lieutenant [[A.I. Vybornov]]. Flying a type-T (equipped with a 37mm [[NS-37]] cannon in the nose) he achieved 19 air victories, plus nine shared and was awarded the Gold Star Medal of the [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] in June 1945.<ref name="Morgan p. 33.">Morgan 1999, p. 33.</ref> At the end of the war, on 22 March 1945, Lieutenant L.I. Sivko from 812th IAP achieved an air victory against a [[Messerschmitt Me 262]] jet fighter, but he was killed soon afterward by another Me 262, probably piloted by [[Franz Schall]], a top-scoring Me 262 pilot.<ref name="Morgan p. 53.">Morgan 1999, p. 53.</ref>

Fighter units with this aircraft suffered lower losses than average. Of 2,550 Yak-9s manufactured up the end of 1943, only 383 were lost in combat.<ref>Bergstrom 2008, p. 32.</ref>

===Post-war era===
At the [[Cold War (1947–1953)|beginning of the Cold War]], Yak-9 fighters began buzzing [[United States|American]], [[United Kingdom|British]], and [[France|French]] flights in the [[West Berlin Air Corridor|air corridors]] to [[West Berlin]]. During the [[Berlin Blockade]], Yak-9 fighters interfered with the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]]-[[Royal Air Force]] airlift.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schrader|first=Helena|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/495598280|title=The blockade breakers : the Berlin Airlift|date=2010|publisher=History|isbn=978-0-7524-5600-3|location=Stroud|oclc=495598280}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Taylor|first=Fred|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/76481596|title=The Berlin Wall : a world divided, 1961-1989|date=2006|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-078613-7|edition=1|location=New York|oclc=76481596}}</ref> During 1949, the [[Soviet Union]] provided surplus Yak-9P (VK-107) aircraft to some [[satellite state]]s in the [[Eastern Bloc|Soviet bloc]] to help them rebuild their air forces following the West Berlin blockade. A section of the aircraft's operating manual was accidentally omitted from the translation from Russian into some languages: before starting the Yak-9, it was necessary to hand-crank a small cockpit-mounted oil pump 25 times to provide initial lubrication to the [[Klimov]] V12 engine, unlike World War II German and Western fighters equipped with forced closed-cycle lubrication systems. Skipping this unusual but vital step resulted in frequent [[engine seizure]]s during the takeoff roll and initial climb, causing several fatalities during 1950.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}

==Variants==
{{more citations needed|section|date=October 2016}}
[[File:Yakovlev Yak-9UM, Private JP7210026.jpg|thumb|Private Yak-9U]]
[[File:YaK-9 MAAM.jpg|thumb|Reproduction Yak-9 on takeoff at a World War II air show in Reading, Pennsylvania]]
[[File:PL MWP Yak-9P.JPG|thumb|Yak-9 with Polish markings]]

Yakovlev OKB created 22 modifications of the Yak-9, of which 15 saw mass production. The most notable of these include:
;Yak-9
The first production version, with a [[Klimov M-105]]PF engine with {{cvt|930|kW}}, 1 × {{cvt|20|mm}} [[ShVAK cannon]] with 120 rounds, and 1 × {{cvt|12.7|mm}} [[Berezin UB|UBS machine gun]] with 200 rounds.
;Yak-9 (M-106)
A prototype with the [[Klimov M-106]]-1SK engine with {{cvt|1007|kW}}. It did not advance to production because of problems with the engine.
;Yak-9T
A Yak-9 armed with a {{cvt|37|mm}} [[Nudelman-Suranov NS-37]] cannon with 30 rounds instead of the {{cvt|20|mm}} ShVAK.  The cockpit was moved {{cvt|0.4|m}} back to compensate for the heavier nose. A problem corrected during prototype tests was poor quality control that led to multiple oil and coolant leaks from cannon [[recoil]].<ref>Yakovlev’s Piston-Engined Fighters (Red Star №5) by Yefim Gordon and Dmitriy Khazanov page 65.</ref> Recoil and a limited supply of ammunition required accurate aiming and two- or three-round bursts. The Yak-9T was widely used against enemy shipping on the [[Black Sea]] and against tanks{{spaced ndash}} the cannon could penetrate up to {{cvt|40|mm}} armor from {{cvt|500|m}}{{spaced ndash}} but was also successful against aircraft: a single cannon hit was usually sufficient to tear apart the target. Virage (constant altitude and speed turn) time was 18–19 seconds. 2748 were produced.<ref>{{cite book|title=Aircraft of the USSR - book 2|publisher=TsAGI}}</ref>
[[File:Yakovlev Yak-9 and Yak-9T side-view silhouettes.png|thumb|Yak-9T silhouette compared to an early variant]]
;Yak-9K
A Yak-9T modified with a [[Nudelman-Suranov NS-45|{{cvt|45|mm}} NS-45 cannon]] with 29 rounds and a distinctive [[muzzle brake]] to deal with the massive [[recoil]]. Firing the cannon at speeds below {{cvt|350|km/h}} caused a dramatic loss of control and tossed the pilot back and forth in the cockpit; however, accurate shooting was possible at higher speeds and in two- to three-round bursts. The recoil also caused numerous oil and coolant leaks. The heavy cannon decreased performance dramatically, especially at high altitudes, to the point that Yak-9Ks were relegated to heavy fighter duty and had to be escorted by Yak-3s. The Yak-9K saw only limited use due to the unreliability of the NS-45 and to airframe performance issues caused by the NS-45 and by the larger fuel tanks used on the Yak-9K; it also saw little use because of a reduced number of German bombers.
[[File:Yak-9Landing.jpg|thumb|Yak-9 Racer]]
;Yak-9D
A long-range version of the Yak-9 with fuel capacity increased from {{cvt|440|to|650|L}}, giving a maximum range of {{cvt|1400|km}}. Its combat usefulness at full range was limited by a lack of radio navigation equipment, and a number of aircraft were used as short-range fighters with fuel carried only in inner wing tanks. The time to complete a circle was 19–20 seconds. The weight of fire was {{cvt|2|kg/s}}.
;Yak-9TD
A Yak-9D with an NS-37 cannon and provision for 4 × {{cvt|50|kg}} [[FAB-50]] bombs under the wings.
;Yak-9B
A fighter-bomber version of the Yak-9D (factory designation '''Yak-9L''') with four vertical tube bomb bays aft of the cockpit with capacity for up to 4 × {{cvt|100|kg}} [[FAB-100]] bombs or 4 [[PTAB (bomb)|PTAB]] cassettes with 32 × {{cvt|1.5|kg}} bomblets each, although normally only {{cvt|200|kg}} of weapons were carried in the front bomb bays. Poor handling with a full bomb and fuel load and lack of special aiming equipment limited its combat usefulness.
;Yak-9DD
A Yak-9D or Yak-9T modified for longer range by a larger fuel capacity of {{cvt|845|L}} which increased the maximum range to {{convert|2285|km}}. Radio navigation equipment for night and poor weather flying was added. The Yak-9DD was used primarily to escort [[Petlyakov Pe-2]] and [[Tupolev Tu-2]] bombers although it proved less than ideal for this role due to an insufficient speed advantage over the bombers. In 1944, several Yak-9DD fighters were used to escort [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress|B-17 Flying Fortress]] and [[Consolidated B-24 Liberator|B-24 Liberator]] bombers attacking targets in [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] using the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukraine]]-Romania-[[Italy]] routes.
;Yak-9M
A Yak-9D with the cockpit moved {{cvt|0.4|m}} to the rear like the Yak-9T, as well as numerous fixes and improvements based on experience with previous versions.
;Yak-9M PVO
A Yak-9M with slightly reduced fuel capacity, the [[Klimov VK-105]]PF2 engine with {{cvt|970|kW}}, and radio and navigational equipment for night and adverse weather flying for [[PVO Strany]].
[[File:REY 5911.jpg|thumb|HB-RYA flying next to Pierre Avois, VS, Switzerland]]
;Yak-9 MPVO
A single-seat night fighter aircraft, equipped with a searchlight and an RPK-10 radio compass.
;Yak-9S
A Yak-9M with a [[Klimov VK-105]]PF engine, a new propeller, and armament consisting of 1 × {{cvt|23|mm}} [[Nudelman-Suranov NS-23]] cannon with 60 rounds, and 2 × {{cvt|20|mm}} [[Berezin B-20]] cannons with 120 rounds. It did not enter production due to its poor performance compared to the [[Yakovlev Yak-3|Yak-3]] and Yak-9U.
;Yak-9R
A single-seat tactical reconnaissance aircraft.
;Yak-9P

This aircraft was the last and the most advanced version of the Yak-9 fighter, which became the pinnacle of development among A. S. Yakovlev's piston-engined fighters. The Yak-9P (Product P) that appeared in 1946 was a modification of the Yak-9U fighter of composite construction. Unlike its predecessor, it had all-metal wings with elliptical tips. By this time, the manufacture of high-strength aluminum alloys was established in the Soviet Union, simplifying aircraft operation and increasing aircraft service life.
;Yak-9P (VK-107)
A Yak-9U with an all-metal wing. "Yak-9P" in this case was a factory designation different from the Yak-9P with two ShVAKs described above.
;Yak-9PD
A high-altitude interceptor (unrelated to the two other Yak-9P variants described above) with the [[Klimov M-105]]PD engine, designed specifically to intercept [[Luftwaffe]] [[Junkers Ju 86]]P high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft overflying [[Moscow]] in 1942–1943. Poor performance due to the unreliable engine dramatically improved with adoption of the [[Klimov M-106]]PV with [[Water injection (engines)|water injection]], with the aircraft reaching {{convert|12500|m|ft|abbr=on}} during testing. The armament was reduced to the [[ShVAK]] cannon only to save weight.
;Yak-9U (VK-105)
A Yak-9T with the [[Klimov VK-105]]PF2 engine and numerous aerodynamic and structural improvements introduced with the [[Yakovlev Yak-3|Yak-3]]. The main visual difference from the Yak-9T was in the oil coolers in the wing roots, like on the Yak-3, and in that plywood covered the fuselage, instead of fabric. It differed visually from the Yak-3 only by the main landing gear covers. The armament increased to 1 × {{convert|23|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[VYa cannon]] with 60 rounds and 2 × {{convert|12.7|mm|in|abbr=on}} UBSs with 170 rounds each. The VYa cannon could be replaced by a ShVAK, B-20, or NS-37, the latter requiring removal of the starboard UBS machine gun. It did not enter production because the VYa was considered unsatisfactory and because the one cannon, one machine gun armament seen on previous models offered a significant increase in range.
;Yak-9U (VK-107)
The definitive Yak-9 variant, the Yak-9U (VK-105) was equipped with the new {{cvt|1230|kW}} [[Klimov VK-107]]A engine, and with the {{cvt|20|mm}} ShVAK with 120 rounds replacing the VYa cannon. The weight of fire was {{convert|2.72|kg/s|lb/s|abbr=on}}. Early test flights in 1943 indicated that the only comparable Soviet fighter was the [[Polikarpov I-185]] prototype which was more difficult to fly and less agile due to higher weight. The prototype's top speed of {{convert|700|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} at {{convert|5600|m|ft|abbr=on}} was faster than any other production fighter aircraft in the world at the time, other than the P-51B that could reach up to {{convert|441|mph|km/h|abbr=on|order=flip}} on military power.<ref>{{cite web|title=ARMY AIR FORCES MATERIAL COMMAND FLIGHT SECTION|url=http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/mustang/p51b-12093.html|website=wwii aircraft performance|access-date=11 October 2015|ref=14}}</ref> Early problems with overheating were fixed by enlarging the radiators and production aircraft had further improved aerodynamics. The time to complete a circle was 23 seconds. It was the best Soviet fighter at high altitude.
;Yak-9UV
A two-seat trainer version of the Yak-9U (VK-107) with armament reduced to a single [[Berezin B-20]] cannon with 100 rounds. It did not enter production due to the introduction of jet aircraft.
;Yak-9UT
A Yak-9U (VK-107) armed with 1 × {{cvt|37|mm}} [[Nudelman N-37]] cannon with 30 rounds and 2 x {{cvt|20|mm}} [[Berezin B-20]] cannons with 120 rounds each, giving a total one-second burst mass of {{cvt|6|kg}}. Similarly to the Yak-9TK, it could be converted to replace the N-37 with a {{cvt|20|mm}} B-20, {{cvt|23|mm}} NS-23, or {{cvt|45|mm}} [[Nudelman-Suranov NS-45|N-45]]. Production aircraft carried the NS-23 instead of the N-37 cannon as the default armament.
;Yak-9-57
The Yak-9-57 was a one-off conversion of a Yak-9UT armed with a 57&nbsp;mm cannon.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dmitriy Khazanov|first=Yefim Gordon|title=Red Star Volume 5: Yakovlev's Piston-Engined Fighters|publisher=Midland Publishing|year=2002|isbn=1857801407|location=Hersham, Surrey England|pages=96}}</ref> The large caliber cannon did not protrude from the spinner cone like the Yak-9-37/45 models.
;Yak-9V
A two-seat trainer version of Yak-9M and Yak-9T with the [[Klimov VK-105]]PF2 engine and with armament reduced to 1 × {{cvt|20|mm}} ShVAK with 90 rounds.

;Modern replicas
In the early 1990s, Yakovlev started limited production for the [[warbird]] market of Yak-9 and [[Yakovlev Yak-3|Yak-3]] replica aircraft using original World War II equipment and [[Allison V-1710]] engines.  These modern-built replicas using the Allison engines have counterclockwise-rotation props, unlike the originals, which strictly used clockwise-rotation Soviet V12 powerplants.

==Operators==
;{{flagcountry|People's Republic of Albania|1946}}
* [[Albanian Air Force]] received 72 aircraft in 1947, including 12 Yak-9V trainers.
;{{flag|People's Republic of Bulgaria|1946|name=Bulgaria}}
* [[Bulgarian Air Force]]
;{{PRC}}
* [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]]
;{{FRA}}
* [[French Air Force]] (''Armée de l'Air'')
** ''[[Normandie-Niemen]]'' squadron
;{{flag|Hungarian People's Republic|1949|name=Hungary}}
* [[Hungarian Air Force]] received aircraft in 1949. The type's Hungarian name was "Vércse" (Kestrel).
;{{flag|Mongolian People's Republic|name=Mongolia}} received 34 aircraft in late June 1945.
;{{PRK}}
* [[North Korean Air Force]]
;{{Flag|Polish People's Republic|name=Poland}}
* [[Air Force of the Polish Army]]
* [[Polish Air Force]] operated several aircraft from 1947 to 1953.
* [[Polish Navy]]
;{{USSR}}
* [[Soviet Air Force]]
* [[Soviet Air Defence Forces]]
;{{Flag|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|name=Yugoslavia}}
* [[SFR Yugoslav Air Force]] – 16 Yak-9T, 40 Yak-9P, 47 Yak-9D/M and 68 Yak-9V aircraft in 1944–1950/1960<ref>Yugoslav Air Force 1942–1992, Bojan Dimitrijevic, Belgrade 2006</ref>
** [[111th Fighter Aviation Regiment]] (1947–1948)
** [[112th Fighter Aviation Regiment]] (1947–1948)
** [[94th Fighter Aviation Regiment]] (1948–1952)
** [[116th Fighter Aviation Regiment]] (1948–1950)
** [[117th Fighter Aviation Regiment]] (1948–1950)
** [[141st Training Aviation Regiment]] (1952–1953)
** [[2nd Training Aviation Regiment]] (1946–1948)
** [[101st Fighter-Training Aviation Regiment]] (1948–1950)
** [[103rd Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment]] (1950–1951)
** [[104th Training Aviation Regiment]] (1948–1950)
** [[Training Squadron of 32nd Aviation Division]] (1953–1959)
** [[Training Squadron of 39th Aviation Division]] (1953–1959)
** [[Training Squadron of 44th Aviation Division]] (1953–1954)

==Surviving aircraft==
[[File:IMG 6600a (6193829933).jpg|thumb|Yak-9 on display at the Museum of Flight]]
[[File:Yakovlev YAK-9U in Seattle, WA, three-quarter view from above.jpg|thumb|A Yakovlev YAK-9U in Seattle, Washington's Museum of Flight; three-quarter view from above.]]
;Bulgaria
* Yak-9P on display at the Aviation Museum in [[Krumovo|Krumovo, Plovdiv]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Aircrafts &#91;sic&#93; Collection |url=http://www.airmuseum-bg.com/eng/Kolekcii/LetAparat_samolet.html |website=Aviation Museum |access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref> It is tactical number 27.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}

;North Korea
* Yak-9P on display at [[Victorious War Museum]] in [[Pyongyang]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airhistory.net/photo/238051/12|title=Yak-9P White 12|website=airhistory.net|access-date=15 October 2022}}</ref>

;Poland
* Yak-9P on static display at the [[Museum of the Polish Navy]] in [[Gdynia|Gdynia, Pomerania]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Yakovlev Yak-9P, s/n 2 PMW |url=http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=192284 |website=Aerial Visuals |access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref> It is tactical number 2 and was used by the Navy Aviation Escadrille until 1956. On 12 December 1956, it was transferred to the museum on behalf of the Navy Command.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}
* Yak-9P on static display at the [[Museum of the Polish Army]] in [[Warsaw|Warsaw, Mazovia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Outdoor exhibition |url=http://www.muzeumwp.pl/wystawy/37,outdoor-exhibition/ |website=Polish Army Museum |access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Yakovlev Yak-9P, s/n 23 SPRP, c/n 10107 |url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=103280 |website=Aerial Visuals |access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref> It is tactical number 23 and was used by the 1st Fighter Aviation Regiment from 1947 until 1950. It was transferred to the museum on 10 August 1950 on behalf of the Air Force Command.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}

;Russia
* Yak-9U on static display at the [[Central Air Force Museum]] in [[Monino|Monino, Moscow Oblast]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Aircraft Yak-9U |url=http://www.cmvvs.ru/samolet-yak-9u |website=Central Air Force Museum |access-date=19 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref>
* Yak-9 on static display at the Vadim Zadorozhny Museum of Technology in [[Krasnogorsky District, Moscow Oblast]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yak-9 |url=http://www.tmuseum.ru/o-muzee/galereya-eksponatov/aviatsiya/yak-9/ |website=Vadim Zadorozhny Museum of Technology |access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref>
* Yak-9 on static display at the Museum of the Air Forces of the [[Northern Fleet]] in [[Safonovo, Murmansk Oblast]].<ref name="Goodall">{{cite web |last1=Goodall |first1=Geoffrey |title=Yakovlev |url=http://www.goodall.com.au/warbirds-directory-v6/yakovlev.pdf |website=Geoff Goodall's Aviation History Site |access-date=19 October 2020 |date=10 February 2020}}</ref>

;Serbia
* Yak-9P in storage at the [[Aeronautical Museum Belgrade]] in [[Surčin|Surčin, Belgrade]].<ref name="Goodall" />

;Ukraine
* Yak-9 on static display at the [[National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War]] in [[Kyiv]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}

;United States
* Yak-9U on static display at the [[Museum of Flight]] in [[Seattle, Washington]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Yakovlev Yak-9U Frank|url=http://www.museumofflight.org/aircraft/yakovlev-yak-9u-frank|website=The Museum of Flight|access-date=27 January 2017}}</ref>

==Specifications (Yak-9U)==
<!--Only one set of specs per article using <nowiki>{{Aircraft specs}}</nowiki> [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aviation/Style guide/Layout (Aircraft)#Aircraft specifications]]-->
[[File:Yakovlev Yak-9P 3-view line drawing.svg|thumb|Yak 9P 3-view drawing]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=<ref name="Shavrov">Shavrov 1994, p. 510</ref><ref name="Yakubovich p. 87.">Yakubovich 2008, p. 87.</ref>
|prime units?=met
|crew=1
|length m=8.55|span m=9.74|height m=3.00|wing area sqm=17.15
|airfoil='''root:'''  Clark YH (14%); '''tip:''' Clark YH (10%)<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight kg=2512|gross weight kg=3204
|fuel capacity=355 kg (782.6 lb)
<!--Powerplant-->
|eng1 number=1|eng1 name=[[Klimov VK-107]]A|eng1 type=V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine|eng1 kw=1230
|prop blade number=3|prop name=variable-pitch propeller|prop dia m=3.00
<!--Performance-->
|max speed kmh=690|max speed note=at {{cvt|5900|m}}
|range km=675
|ceiling m=10850
|climb rate ms=18.9
|wing loading kg/m2=186.82
|power/mass={{cvt|0.35|kW/kg}}
<!--Armament-->
|guns=<br />
:* 1 × {{cvt|20|mm}} [[ShVAK cannon]], 120 rounds
:* 2 × {{cvt|12.7|mm}} [[Berezin UB|UBS]] machine guns, 340 rounds
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent|
|related=
* [[Yakovlev Yak-3|Yak-3]]
* [[Yakovlev Yak-11|Yak-11]]
* [[Ikarus S-49]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Focke-Wulf Fw 190]]
* [[Lavochkin La-5]]F
* [[Macchi C.200 Saetta]]
* [[Mitsubishi A6M]]
* [[Kawasaki Ki-100]]
* [[Reggiane Re.2000]]
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft of World War II]]
* [[List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS]]
* [[List of fighter aircraft]]
}}

==References==
{{Commons category|Yakovlev Yak-9}}
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=Notes}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
===Bibliography===
* Angelucci, Enzo and Paolo Matricardi. ''World Aircraft: World War II, Volume II'' (Sampson Low Guides). Maidenhead, UK: Sampson Low, 1978. {{ISBN|0-562-00096-8}}.
* Bergström, Christer. ''Bagration to Berlin – The final Air Battle in the East 1944–45''. Hersham, UK: Classic Publications, 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-903223-91-8}}.
* Bock, Robert. ''Yak-7, Yak-9 (Aircraft Monograph 14)'' (English translation of Polish original). Gdańsk, Poland: AJ-Press, 1999. {{ISBN|83-7237-020-6}}.
* Drabkin, Artem. ''The Red Air Force at War: Barbarossa and The Retreat to Moscow – Recollections of Fighter Pilots on the Eastern Front''.  Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Military, 2007. {{ISBN|1-84415-563-3}}.
* Gordon, Yefim and Dmitri Khazanov. ''Soviet Combat Aircraft of the Second World War, Volume One: Single-Engined Fighters''. Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing Ltd., 1998. {{ISBN|1-85780-083-4}}.
* Green, William. ''Warplanes of the Second World War, Volume Three: Fighters''. London: Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 1961 (seventh impression 1973). {{ISBN|0-356-01447-9}}.
* Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. ''WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: Soviet Air Force Fighters, Part 2''. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1978. {{ISBN|0-354-01088-3}}.
* Gunston, Bill. ''Aerei della 2ª Guerra Mondiale'' (in Italian ). Milan: Alberto Peruzzo Editore, 1984. NO ISBN.
* Gunston, Bill. ''The illustrated Directory of Fighting Aircraft of World War II''. London: Salamander Book Limited, 1988. {{ISBN|1-84065-092-3}}.
* Kopenhagen, W., ed. ''Das große Flugzeug-Typenbuch'' (in German). Stuggart, Germany: Transpress, 1987. {{ISBN|3-344-00162-0}}.
* Leonard, Herbert. ''Encyclopaedia of Soviet Fighters 1939–1951''. Paris: Histoire & Collections, 2005. {{ISBN|2-915239-60-6}}.
* Liss, Witold. ''The Yak 9 Series (Aircraft in Profile number 185)''. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1967.
* Mellinger, George. ''Yakovlev Aces of World War 2''. Botley, UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2005. {{ISBN|1-84176-845-6}}.
* Morgan, Hugh. ''Gli assi Sovietici della Seconda guerra mondiale'' (in Italian). Milano: Edizioni del Prado/Osprey Aviation, 1999. {{ISBN|84-8372-203-8}}.
* Morgan, Hugh. ''Soviet Aces of World War 2''. London: Reed International Books Ltd., 1997. {{ISBN|1-85532-632-9}}.
* Panek, Robert. ''Yakovlev Yak-9U & P.'' Sandomierz, Poland/Redbourn, Hertfordshire, UK: Mushroom Model Publications, 2006. {{ISBN|83-89450-27-5}}.
* Шавров, В.Б. ''История конструкций самолетов в СССР 1938–1950 гг. (3 изд.)''. Kniga:  Машиностроение, 1994 (Shavrov, V.B. ''Istoriia konstruktskii samoletov v SSSR, 1938–1950 gg.,3rd ed. ''History of Aircraft Design in USSR: 1938–1950'')''. Kniga, Russia: Mashinostroenie, 1994.) {{ISBN|5-217-00477-0}}.
* Stapfer, Hans-Heiri. ''Yak Fighters in Action (Aircraft number 78)''. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1986. {{ISBN|0-89747-187-3}}.
* Степанец, А.Т. ''Истребители ЯК периода Великой Отечественной войны''. Kniga: Машиностроение, 1992. Stepanets, A.T. ''Istrebiteli Yak perioda Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (''Yak Fighters of the Great Patriotic War'')''. Kniga, Russia: Mashinostroenie, 1992. {{ISBN|5-217-01192-0}}.
* Williams, Anthony G. and Emmanuel Gustin. ''Flying Guns: The Development of Aircraft Guns, Ammunition and Installations 1933–45''. Ramsbury, UK: Airlife, 2003. {{ISBN|1-84037-227-3}}.
* Якубович, Н.В. ''Истребитель Як-9. Заслуженный «фронтовик»''. Москва: Коллекция, Яуза, ЭКСМО, 2008. Yakubovich, N.V. ''Istrebitel’ Yak-9. Zasluzhenny ”frontovik”'' (''Yak-9 Fighter. A Honored “Veteran”''). Moscow, Russia: Collection, Yauza, EKSMO, 2008. {{ISBN|978-5-699-29168-7}}.

{{Yakovlev Yak-1 family}}
{{Yakovlev aircraft}}
{{WWIIUSSRAF}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:1940s Soviet fighter aircraft|Yakovlev Yak-09]]
[[Category:Yakovlev aircraft|Yak-009]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1942]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear]]
[[Category:Single-engined piston aircraft]]