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Yankee-class submarine
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{{Short description|Soviet ballistic missile submarine class}} {{more citations needed|date=January 2013}} {|{{Infobox ship begin |sclass=2}} {{Infobox ship image | Ship image=[[File:Yankee class SSBN.svg|300px]] | Ship caption=Yankee class SSBN profile }} |- {{Infobox ship image | Ship image=File:Submarine Yankee I class.jpg | Ship caption=A ''Yankee'' I submarine underway. }} {{Infobox ship class overview |Name=Yankee class |Builders=Severodvinsk and Komsomolsk |Operators={{navy|Soviet Union}} |Class before={{sclass2|Hotel|submarine|4}} |Class after={{sclass2|Delta|submarine|4}} |Subclasses= |Cost= |Built range=1964–1974 |In service range= |In commission range=1967–1995 |Total ships building= |Total ships planned= |Total ships completed=34 |Total ships cancelled= |Total ships active= |Total ships laid up= |Total ships lost=1 |Total ships retired=33 |Total ships preserved= }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship type=[[Ballistic missile submarine]] |Ship tonnage= |Ship displacement=*7,700 tons Surfaced *9,300 tons submerged |Ship length={{convert|132|m|abbr=on}} |Ship beam={{convert|11.6|m|abbr=on}} |Ship height= |Ship draught={{convert|8|m|abbr=on}} |Ship draft= |Ship depth= |Ship hold depth= |Ship decks= |Ship deck clearance= |Ship ramps= |Ship ice class= |Ship power= |Ship propulsion=two pressurized water cooled reactors powering four steam turbines driving two shafts. |Ship sail plan= |Ship speed=*Surfaced: {{convert|13|kn}} *Submerged: {{convert|27|kn}} |Ship range=unlimited |Ship endurance= |Ship test depth= |Ship boats= |Ship capacity= |Ship troops= |Ship complement=120 |Ship crew= |Ship time to activate= |Ship sensors= |Ship EW= |Ship armament=*Yankee I/II:4 × {{convert|533|mm|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes *2 × {{convert|400|mm|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes *Yankee I: 16 × R-27 (SS-N-6 Serb) SLBMs *Yankee II: 12 × R-31 (SS-N-17 Snipe) SLBMs. |Ship armour= |Ship armor= |Ship aircraft= |Ship aircraft facilities= |Ship notes= }} |} The '''''Yankee'' class''', [[List of ships of Russia by project number|Soviet designations]] '''Project 667A ''Navaga''''' ([[navaga]]) and '''Project 667AU ''Nalim''''' ([[burbot]]) for the [[Initial operating capability|basic]] '''''Yankee''-I''', were a family of [[Nuclear propulsion|nuclear-powered]] [[ballistic missile submarine]]s built in the [[Soviet Union]] for the [[Soviet Navy]]. In total, 34 units were built: 24 in [[Severodvinsk]] for the [[Northern Fleet]] and the remaining 10 in [[Komsomolsk-on-Amur]] for the [[Pacific Fleet (Russia)|Pacific Fleet]]. Two Northern Fleet units were later transferred to the Pacific. The ''Yankee''-class were subject to a [[#Variants|wide variety of modifications]]; these ships have a different designation to the original model. ==Design== The Yankee-class [[nuclear submarine]]s were the first class of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[ballistic missile submarine]]s (SSBN) to have [[thermonuclear]] firepower comparable with that of their American and British [[Polaris missile|Polaris submarine]] counterparts. The Yankee class were quieter in the ocean than were their {{sclass2|Hotel|submarine|0}} predecessors, and had better [[drag (physics)|streamlining]] that improved their underwater performance. The Yankee class were actually quite similar to the Polaris submarines of the [[U.S. Navy]] and the [[Royal Navy]]. These boats were all armed with 16 [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]]s (SLBM) with multiple [[nuclear warhead]]s as [[nuclear deterrent]]s during the [[Cold War]], and their [[ballistic missile]]s had ranges from {{convert|1500|-|2500|nmi|lk=in}}. ==General characteristics (Yankee I)== {{contradictory|date=November 2023}} {{commons category|Yankee class submarines}} *Length: {{convert|128|m|abbr=on|0}} *Beam: {{convert|11.7|m|abbr=on|0}} *Draught: {{convert|9|m|abbr=on|0}} *Surface displacement: 7,760 tonnes *Full (Diving) displacement: 11,500 tonnes *Speed: {{convert|28|kn}} *Power plant: 2 [[VM-4 reactor|VM-4]] [[pressurized water reactor|reactors]] *Hull: [[Degaussing|Low magnetic steel]] *Crew: 114 *Compartments: 10 *Armament: **4 {{convert|21|in|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s for 14 [[Type 53 torpedo]]es or [[naval mine|mine]]s. **2 {{convert|16|in|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s for 4 Type 40 [[torpedo]]es **16 [[SS-N-6]] liquid-fueled ballistic missiles {{clear}} == Operational history == [[File:Submarine Yankee I damaged.jpg|thumb|left|''K-219'' damaged]] The Yankee-class SSBNs served in the [[Soviet Navy]] in three oceans: the [[Atlantic Ocean]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], and the [[Arctic Ocean]] beginning in the 1960s. During the 1970s about three Yankee-class were continually on patrol in a so-called "patrol box" in the Atlantic Ocean just east of [[Bermuda]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051230/MIDOCEAN/112300121 |title=Title unknown |newspaper=[[The Royal Gazette (Bermuda)|The Royal Gazette]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060329044818/http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051230/MIDOCEAN/112300121 |archive-date=March 29, 2006 }}</ref> and off the [[United States West Coast|US Pacific coast]]. This forward deployment of the SSBNs was seen to balance the presence of American, British, and [[France|French]] nuclear weapons kept in [[Western Europe]] and on [[warship]]s (including nuclear submarines) in the surrounding Atlantic Ocean, including the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and the [[Atlantic Ocean|Eastern Atlantic]]. The lead boat K-137 ''[[Vladimir_Lenin#Legacy|Leninets]]'' received its [[honorific name]] on 11 April 1970, two and one half years after being commissioned. One Yankee-class submarine, {{ship|Soviet submarine|K-219||2}}, was lost on 6 October 1986 after an explosion and fire on board. This boat had been at sea near Bermuda, and she sank from loss of [[buoyancy]] because of flooding. Four of her sailors died before rescue ships arrived. The events surrounding the loss of this boat has continued to be [[controversial]]. At least one other boat in this class was involved in a collision with a U.S. Navy nuclear submarine.{{Citation needed|reason=very strong source required|date=March 2019}} Because of their [[Obsolescence|increasing age]], and as negotiated in the [[SALT|SALT I]], [[START I]] and [[START II]] treaties that reduce [[nuclear armament]]s of the United States and the Soviet Union, all boats of Yankee class were disarmed, [[ship decommissioning|decommissioned]] and sent to the [[Ship-Submarine Recycling Program|nuclear ship scrapyard]]s. == Variants == There were eight different versions of the ''Yankee''-class submarines: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+''Yankee''-class submarines<ref>{{cite web |title=DEEPSTORM.RU |url=http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nbrs/667A/list.htm |publisher=Deep Storm |access-date=23 November 2023}}</ref> ![[Ship commissioning|First entered Service]] ![[NATO reporting name]] ![[List of ships of Russia by project number|Project Name and Number]] !Image !Class !Main Payload !Numbers built !Notes |- |1967 |'''''Yankee''-I''' |'''667А "[[Navaga|''Навага'']]"''' |[[File:Yankee_class_SSBN.svg|100px]] |SSBN |16 x [[R-27 Zyb|Р-27 ''Зыбь'']] |34 |Baseline; first Soviet sub to carry SLBMs in hull, as [[Golf-class submarine|opposed]] [[Hotel-class submarine|to]] the [[Sail (submarine)|sail]]. Some were [[Strategic Arms Limitation Talks|later disarmed and operated as SSNs]]; sometimes classed as SSNX |- |1975 |Improved '''''Yankee''-I''' |'''667АУ "[[Burbot|''Налим'']]"''' | |SSBN |16 x [[R-27_Zyb#R-27U_(RSM-25)|Р-27У]] |13 converted |У/U for Improved ({{Langx|ru|Улучшен}}; Uluchshen) |- |1977 |'''''Yankee''-II''' |'''667АМ "''Навага-М''"''' |[[File:Yankee_II_class_SSBN.svg|100px]] |SSBN |12 x [[R-31 (missile)|Р-31]] |1 converted |First Soviet sub to carry [[Solid-propellant rocket|solid-fuel]]ed SLBMs. Subsequently theorized as emergency [[satellite launch |satellite-launcher]] or [[Anti-ship ballistic missile|to strike]] ships in [[aircraft carrier battle group]]s |- |1987 |'''''Yankee'' Notch''' |'''667АТ "[[Pear|''Груша'']]"''' |[[File:Yankee Notch class SSGN.svg|100px]] |[[SSGN]]/[[Attack submarine|SSN]] |32-40 x [[RK-55 |РК-55 ''Гранат'']] (SS-N-21 Sampson) |3 converted + 4 unfinished |Lengthened by {{convert|12|m|ft|1}} to {{convert|141.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}; 8 more [[torpedo tube]]s in waist |- |''1989 (program cancelled)'' |'''''Yankee'' Sidecar''' |667М "[[Andromeda (mythology)|''Андромеда'']]" |[[File:Yankee Sidecar class SSGN.svg|100px]] |[[Cruise-missile submarine|SSGN]] |12 x [[Kh-80|П-750 ''Метеорит'']] (SS-NX-24 Scorpion) |1 converted |Delivered as an attack sub due to missile program cancellation. {{convert|153|m|ft|abbr=on}} long, 13,650 tons full [[Displacement (ship)|displacement]] |- |1984 |'''''Yankee Pod''''' |'''667АК "[[Axon|''Аксон-1'']]"''' |[[File:Yankee Pod class SSN.svg|100px]] |[[Prototype|SSAN]] |[[Towed array sonar]], pod, other [[Sensor|sensor system]]s |1 converted |K-403 ''Kazan''. The [[fin|tailfin]]-pod is similar to those of the [[Victor-class submarine#Project_671RTM/RTMK_Shchuka_(Victor_III)|''Щука''-]] and [[Akula-class submarine|''Щука-Б'' SSN]]s |- |1996 |'''''Yankee Big Nose''''' |'''09780 "[[Axon|''Аксон-2'']]"''' |[[File:Yankee Big Nose class SSN.svg|100px]] |[[Prototype|SSAN]] |Towed array sonar, Irtysh-Amphora spherical sonar array |1 converted + 1 unfinished (K-415) |Further modified K-403 ''Kazan''. Tail now resembles those of the [[Delta-class submarine#Delta_IV_(Project_667BDRM_Delfin)_7_boats|667BDRM]] and [[Oscar-class submarine#Project 949A Antei (Oscar II)|949А]] submarines. The Irtysh-Amphora would later equip the [[Russian submarine Severodvinsk (K-560)|lead boat of the ''Yasen''-class]] |- |1991 |'''''Yankee Stretch''''' |'''09774/667АН''' |[[File:Yankee-Stretch class SSN.svg|100px]] |"Research" Submarine |[[Paltus-class submarine|''Палтус''-class midget submarine]] |1 converted (K-411) |{{convert|160|m|ft|abbr=on}} long. Stated to be an [[oceanographic vessel]], but believed to be a spy sub similar to [[USS Jimmy Carter|USS ''Jimmy Carter'']] |} <gallery class="center" mode="nolines" widths="250" noborder="no" caption="''Yankee''-class submarines in life"> File:A Soviet Yankee Notch Class submarine.jpg|''Yankee'' Notch File:Submarine Yankee II class.jpg|''Yankee'' II File:KS-403 Kazan as Akson-2.jpg|''Yankee'' Big Nose </gallery> In addition, [[List of ships of Russia by project number|Soviet/Russian classification]] includes the [[Delta-class submarine|''Delta''-class submarines]] within the same family of Project 667; Deltas being '''Project 667B''' onwards. {{Further|Delta-class submarine}} {{clear}} === Units === {{Update|inaccurate=yes|table|date=August 2012}} {| class="wikitable" |+Yankee class — significant dates !# !Project !Shipyard !Laid down !Launched !Commissioned !Status |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-137|K-137]]''' !667A, 667AU |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |November 4, 1964 |September 11, 1966 |November 6, 1967 |Decommissioned April 3, 1994 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003">Korabli VMF SSSR, Vol. 1, Part 1, Yu. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2003, {{ISBN|5-8172-0069-4}}</ref> |- |'''K-140''' !667A, 667AM |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |September 19, 1965 |August 23, 1967 |December 30, 1967 |Decommissioned April 19, 1990 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-26|K-26]]''' !667A |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |December 30, 1965 |December 23, 1967 |September 3, 1968 |Decommissioned July 17, 1988 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-32|K-32]]''' !667A |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |February 25, 1966 |April 25, 1968 |October 26, 1968 |Decommissioned April 19, 1990 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-216|K-216]]''' !667A |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |June 6, 1966 |August 6, 1968 |December 27, 1968 |Decommissioned 1985 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-207|K-207]]''' !667A |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |November 4, 1966 |September 20, 1968 |May 30, 1968 |Decommissioned May 30, 1989 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-210|K-210]]''' !667A |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |December 16, 1966 |December 29, 1968 |August 6, 1969 |Decommissioned July 17, 1988 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-249|K-249]]''' !667A |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |March 18, 1967 |March 30, 1969 |September 27, 1969 |Decommissioned July 17, 1988 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-253|K-253]]''' !667A, 667AT |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |June 26, 1967 |June 5, 1969 |November 28, 1969 |Decommissioned for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-395|K-395]]''' !667A, 667AT |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |September 8, 1967 |July 28, 1969 |December 5, 1969 |Decommissioned for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-339|K-339]]''' !667A |Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk |February 23, 1968 |June 23, 1969 |December 24, 1969 |Decommissioned April 19, 1990 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-408|K-408]]''' !667A, 667AT |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |January 20, 1968 |September 10, 1969 |December 25, 1969 |Decommissioned July 17, 1988 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-411|K-411]]''' !667A, 667AN |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |May 25, 1968 |January 16, 1970 |August 31, 1970 |Decommissioned for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-418|K-418]]''' !667A |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |June 29, 1968 |March 14, 1970 |September 22, 1970 |Decommissioned March 17, 1989 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-420|K-420]]''' !667A, 667M |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |October 12, 1968 |April 25, 1970 |October 29, 1970 |Decommissioned for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-423|K-423]]''' !667A, 667AT |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |January 13, 1969 |April 7, 1970 |November 13, 1970 |Decommissioned for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-434|K-434]]''' !667AU |Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk |February 23, 1969 |May 29, 1970 |November 30, 1970 |Decommissioned March 17, 1989 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-426|K-426]]''' !667A |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |April 17, 1969 |August 28, 1970 |December 22, 1970 |Decommissioned April 19, 1990 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-236|K-236]]''' !667AU |Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk |November 6, 1969 |August 4, 1970 |December 27, 1970 |Decommissioned September 1, 1990 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-415|K-415]]''' !667A, 667AK-2 |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |July 4, 1969 |September 26, 1970 |December 30, 1970 |Decommissioned August 6, 1987 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-403|K-403]]''' !667A, 667AK-1 |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |August 18, 1969 |March 25, 1971 |August 12, 1971<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |Decommissioned – Scrapping underway in 2010 <ref>{{Coord|64.586|39.8187|type:landmark}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2012}} |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-389|K-389]]''' !667A |Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk |July 26, 1970 |June 27, 1971 |November 25, 1971 |Decommissioned April 19, 1990 for scrapping <ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-245|K-245]]''' !667AU |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |October 16, 1969 |August 9, 1971 |December 16, 1971 |Decommissioned March 14, 1992 for scrapping<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-219|K-219]]''' !667AU |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |May 28, 1970 |October 8, 1971 |December 31, 1971<ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |Lost October 3, 1986 |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-252|K-252]]''' !667A |Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk |December 25, 1970 |September 12, 1971 |December 31, 1971 |Decommissioned March 17, 1989 for scrapping <ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-214|K-214]]''' !667AU |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |February 19, 1970 |September 1, 1971 |February 8, 1972 |Decommissioned June 24, 1991 for scrapping <ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-228|K-228]]''' !667AU |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |September 4, 1970 |May 3, 1972 |September 30, 1972 |Decommissioned September 3, 1994 for scrapping <ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-258|K-258]]''' !667AU |Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk |March 30, 1971 |May 26, 1972 |September 30, 1972 |Decommissioned June 16, 1991 for scrapping <ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-241|K-241]]''' !667AU |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |December 24, 1970 |June 9, 1972 |October 23, 1972 |Decommissioned June 16, 1992 for scrapping <ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-444|K-444]]''' !667AU |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |April 8, 1971 |August 1, 1972 |December 23, 1972 |Decommissioned September 30, 1994 for scrapping <ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-446|K-446]]''' !667AU |Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk |November 7, 1971 |August 8, 1972 |January 22, 1973 |Decommissioned March 17, 1993 for scrapping <ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-451|K-451]]''' !667AU |SEVMASH, Severodvinsk |February 23, 1972 |April 29, 1973 |September 7, 1971 |Decommissioned June 16, 1991 for scrapping <ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-436|K-436]]''' !667AU |Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk |November 7, 1972 |July 25, 1973 |December 5, 1973 |Decommissioned March 14, 1992 for scrapping <ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |'''[[Soviet submarine K-430|K-430]]''' !667AU |Leninskiy Komsomol Shipyard, Komsomolsk |July 27, 1973 |July 28, 1974 |December 25, 1974 |Decommissioned January 12, 1995 for scrapping <ref name="Korabli VMF SSSR 2003" /> |- |} === Popular culture === In [[Tom Clancy]]'s 1986 techno-thriller [[Red Storm Rising]], the entire Yankee-class of [[SSBN]]s are proposed to be taken out of service and scrapped by the [[Soviet Union]] as part of the [[Maskirovka]] I, in part to have the [[United States]] to do likewise with its own first-generation [[George Washington class]], [[Ethan Allen-class submarine|Ethan Allen class]] and [[Lafayette-class submarine|Lafayette class]] SSBNs, and allay [[NATO]] misgivings of the [[USSR]]'s intentions. === References === {{Reflist}} === External links === *[https://web.archive.org/web/20020708140050/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/k19/sub_detail_sov4.html National Geographic: Yankee class] accessed March 14, 2004. *[http://www.ais.org/~schnars/aero/nato-shp.htm NATO Code Names for Submarines and Ships] accessed March 14, 2004. *[https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/slbm/667A.htm Federation of American Scientists: Yankee class] accessed June 11, 2006. *[http://www.bellona.org/reports/The_Russian_Northern_Fleet_report_chapters/1176144563.17 Bellona Report: Project 667 A (Nalim, Navaga) – Yankee Class] accessed June 11, 2006. *[http://www.hazegray.org/worldnav/russia/submar.htm World Navies Today: Russian Submarines] accessed June 11, 2006. *Jane's Fighting Ships of the World, 1994. {{Yankee class submarine}} {{Soviet and Russian submarines after 1945}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yankee Class Submarine}} [[Category:Submarine classes]] [[Category:Yankee-class submarines| ]] [[Category:Cold War submarines of the Soviet Union| ]] [[Category:Submarine classes of the Russian and Soviet Navy]] [[Category:Nuclear submarines of the Soviet Navy]]
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