Editing Yelabuga

{{Short description|Town in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Yelabuga
|ru_name=Елабуга
|loc_name1=Алабуга
|loc_lang1=Tatar
|image_skyline=Aerial photographs of Elabuga-10.jpg
|image_caption=Aerial view of Yelabuga
|coordinates={{coord|55|46|N|52|05|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=bottom
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Elabuga (Tatarstan) (2006).png
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=
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|anthem=
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|federal_subject=[[Tatarstan]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="RTatarstan_adm">Order #01-02/9</ref>
|adm_city_jur=[[city of federal subject significance|town of republic significance]] of Yelabuga
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="RTatarstan_adm" />
|adm_ctr_of1=town of republic significance of Yelabuga
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="RTatarstan_adm" />
|adm_ctr_of2=[[Yelabuzhsky District]]
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|inhabloc_cat=Town
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|mun_district_jur=Yelabuzhsky Municipal District
|mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="RTatarstanYelabuzhskyD_mun">Law #22-ZRT</ref>
|urban_settlement_jur=Yelabuga Urban Settlement
|urban_settlement_jur_ref=<ref name="RTatarstanYelabuzhskyD_mun" />
|mun_admctr_of1=Yelabuzhsky Municipal District
|mun_admctr_of1_ref=<ref name="RTatarstanYelabuzhskyD_mun" />
|mun_admctr_of2=Yelabuga Urban Settlement
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|pop_2010census=70728
|pop_2010census_rank=222nd
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
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|pop_latest=73630
|pop_latest_date=2021
|pop_latest_ref=<ref>{{Cite web| title=Численность населения россии, федеральных округов, субъектов российской федерации, городских округов, муниципальных районов, муниципальных округов, городских и сельских поселений, городских населенных  пунктов, сельских населенных пунктов с населением 3000 человек и более | language=ru | trans-title=Population of Russia, federal districts, subjects of the Russian Federation, urban districts, municipal districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements with a population of 3,000 people or more | format=XLSX | url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901163746/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx | archive-date=2022-09-01}}</ref>
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|postal_codes=423600
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|dialing_codes=85557
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[[File:elabuga simbvolbashnya.jpg|thumb|The Devil's Tower, a unique architectural monument surviving from [[Volga Bulgaria]]]]
[[File:elabuga ul spasskaya.jpg|thumb|Spasskaya Street]]
[[File:elabuga ul gassara.jpg|thumb|Gassara Street]]

'''Yelabuga''' (also spelled ''Elabuga'';<ref>[http://www.elabuga.com/], [http://www.elabuga-city.ru/en/], [[google:elabuga&oq=elabuga&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i65l3j0l2.1859j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8|Search Google for "Elabuga"]]</ref> {{langx|ru|Елабуга}}; {{langx|tt-Cyrl|Алабуга|Alabuğa}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] in the [[Republic of Tatarstan]], Russia, located on the right bank of the [[Kama River]] and {{convert|200|km|sp=us}} east from [[Kazan]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=70,728|p2002=68,663|p1989=53,537}}

== The evolution of name ==
The name of the city of Yelabuga comes from the [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] personal name Alabuga (literally — "mottled bull", where buga — "bull" symbolizes the strength and power of the bearer of the name). According to another version, the name comes from the [[Tatars|Tatar]] name of the nearby lake Alabuga (translated as "perch").<ref>{{Cite web |title=Елабужский муниципальный район {{!}} История города |url=http://xn--80aacgcdh2cyaav6b.xn--p1ai/istoriya-goroda.html#:~:text=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE,%C2%AB%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%C2%BB%20(%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BA). |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=xn--80aacgcdh2cyaav6b.xn--p1ai}}</ref>

At the end of the XVI century, in official documents, in addition to the main name — Yelabuga, the church name Tresvyatskoye or Tresvyatskoye also began to be added. This name should not be confused with the village of Trekhsvyatskoye, which was founded near Yelabuga in 1851. The last mention of Yelabuga with the addition of the church name "Tresvyatskoye" in official documents dates back to 1701. After that, and before Yelabuga was given the status of a county town, this settlement was called exclusively the palace village of Yelabuga.<ref name="автоссылка1">Ревизские сказки 1795 года по уездному городу Елабуге: Публикация текстов / сост. Л. Р. Мифтахныкы, О. О. Владимиров, Дж. Л. Мифтахныкы; автор предисл., коммент. и приложений Л. Р. Мифтахныкы. — Казань: Институт истории им. Ш. Марджани АН РТ, 2023. — С. 312—313, 289. Revision tales of 1795 in the county town of Yelabuga: Publication of texts</ref>

In the local history literature of the XIX century, the past of Elabuga was associated with the ancient cities of Gelon and Bryakhimov.<ref>''Шишкин И.'' История города Елабуги. — М.:, 1871. С. 3. The history of the city of Yelabuga</ref> However, these claims have been refuted by modern science.<ref>''Нигамаев А. З. ''Ранняя история Елабуги. Исторический очерк. — Елабуга, 2007. С. 103—104. The early history of Elabuga. A historical sketch. — Yelabuga</ref>

==Geography==
It is located on the high right bank of the Kama River at the confluence of the Toyma River, 215 km east of the capital of the republic, Kazan. The area of the city is 41.1 km2. Begishevo International Airport is 40 km from Yelabuga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Елабужский муниципальный район {{!}} Елабужский район |url=http://xn--80aacgcdh2cyaav6b.xn--p1ai/elabuzhskiy-rayon.html |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=xn--80aacgcdh2cyaav6b.xn--p1ai}}</ref>

===Climate===
<div style="width:80%">
{{Weather box
|location = Yelabuga 
|metric first = Yes
|single line = yes
|source = [https://weatherlabs.in/climate/yelabuga/ Weather and climate in Yelabuga]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=28506&ano=2021&mes=8&day=20&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30 |title=28506: Elabuga (Russia) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 20 August 2021|website=ogimet.com |publisher=[[OGIMET]] |access-date= 21 August 2021|quote=}}</ref>
|Jan mean C = -11.6
|Feb mean C = -10.8
|Mar mean C = -4.3
|Apr mean C = 5.5
|May mean C = 13.5
|Jun mean C = 18.4
|Jul mean C = 20.4
|Aug mean C = 17.8
|Sep mean C = 11.9
|Oct mean C = 4.8
|Nov mean C = -3.5
|Dec mean C = -9.2
|year mean C =4.4
|Jan low C = -15.0
|Feb low C = -14.5
|Mar low C = -8.4
|Apr low C = 0.7
|May low C = 7.5
|Jun low C = 12.8
|Jul low C = 14.8
|Aug low C = 12.6
|Sep low C = 7.4
|Oct low C = 1.6
|Nov low C = -6.0
|Dec low C = -12.3
|year low C =0.1
|Jan high C = -8.1
|Feb high C = -7.1
|Mar high C = -0.2
|Apr high C = 10.3
|May high C = 19.4
|Jun high C = 24.0
|Jul high C = 25.9
|Aug high C = 22.9
|Sep high C = 16.4
|Oct high C = 7.9
|Nov high C = -0.9
|Dec high C = -6.1
|year high C =8.7
|Jan record high C = 5.4
|Feb record high C = 5.6
|Mar record high C = 13.5
|Apr record high C = 29.0
|May record high C = 32.4
|Jun record high C = 36.8
|Jul record high C = 38.1
|Aug record high C = 39.2
|Sep record high C = 31.6
|Oct record high C = 24.2
|Nov record high C = 14.4
|Dec record high C = 13.0
|year record high C =39.2
|Jan record low C = -37.3
|Feb record low C = -34.3
|Mar record low C = -29.8
|Apr record low C = -19.2
|May record low C = -4.1
|Jun record low C = -0.6
|Jul record low C = 1.6
|Aug record low C = 1.0
|Sep record low C = -3.5
|Oct record low C = -12.5
|Nov record low C = -28.7
|Dec record low C = -37.7
|year record low C =-37.7
|Jan precipitation mm = 37.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 27.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 28.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 29.8
|May precipitation mm = 46.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 55.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 57.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 67.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 58.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 49.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 45.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 45.2
|year precipitation mm =549.1
|}}
</div>

==History==
The former name of the city was Alabuga. Its history dates back to the 10th century, when a [[Volga Bulgar]] border [[castle]], the so-called Alamir-Sultan castle was built by Bulgar Khan Ibrahim in 985&nbsp;CE. The castle was built on the place of the legendary tomb of Alamir-Sultan ([[Alexander the Great]] "Macedonian"){{vague|date=August 2015}}. The name 'Alabuga' originally referred to the tower of the castle, later the whole city was named Alabuga. The castle was later abandoned, and its remains are now known as ''Shaytan kalasy'' ([[Devil (Islam)|Shaytan]]'s castle). In the second half of the 16th century, a Russian village was founded on the same spot.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}}

In April 2024 it was reported that [[Drone warfare|drone]] strikes, claimed to be from [[Ukraine]], had injured 12 people in the town where drones are produced.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gozzi |first1=Laura |title=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-68712158}}</ref>

==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[political divisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Yelabuga serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Yelabuzhsky District]], even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="RTatarstan_adm" /> As an administrative division, it is, together with the ''[[village#Russia|selo]]'' of [[Tarlovka]], incorporated separately as the [[city of federal subject significance|town of republic significance]] of Yelabuga—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of the Republic of Tatarstan|districts]].<ref name="RTatarstan_adm" /> As a [[political divisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the town of republic significance of Yelabuga is incorporated within Yelabuzhsky Municipal District as Yelabuga Urban Settlement.<ref name="RTatarstanYelabuzhskyD_mun" />

==Economy==
Oil industry is present in the town.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} In the 1990s, a [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] assembly plant operated in the town. In 2008, [[Sollers JSC]] built a new factory to produce the [[Fiat Ducato]], and from 2021, started to assemble a luxury vehicle called the [[Aurus Senat]], for the [[NAMI (automotive institute)|Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute]] in Moscow (NAMI).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.carscoops.com/2021/06/russias-aurus-senat-luxury-limousine-officially-enters-production/|title=Russia's Aurus Senat Luxury Limousine Officially Enters Production|date=June 1, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rusautonews.com/tag/sollers/|title=Sollers|website=RusAutoNews.Com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/russia-begins-production-high-end-sedan-promoted-by-putin-2021-05-31/|title=Russia begins production of high-end sedan promoted by Putin|date=May 31, 2021|website=Reuters}}</ref> There is also a factory for the production of household appliances: domestic oil electric heaters, electric meat grinders Italian group [[De'Longhi]].

Public transportation needs are served by a bus and taxi networks. Plans for a trolleybus route are being discussed.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}

===Drone manufactory===
{{Main|Yelabuga drone factory}}
After the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] in February 2022, shortcomings in the equipment of the Russian forces with [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drones]] became apparent, and a factory for the production of different drone types was built in Yelabuga. Based on [[satellite imagery]], the facilities covered the size of ten football fields in late 2023. Some 6000 drones per year, including the [[HESA Shahed 136|Geran 2]], are supposed to be built in Yelabuga for the Russian Army.<ref>[https://www.wiwo.de/technologie/wirtschaft-von-oben/wirtschaft-von-oben-241-russische-kriegswirtschaft-hier-baut-russland-seine-drohnenproduktion-aus-mit-iranischer-hilfe/29554116.html  Artur Lebedew und Thomas Stölzel: "Hier baut Russland seine Drohnenproduktion aus – mit iranischer Hilfe "] WiWo.de, 16. December 2023 </ref>

==Notable people==
The town is the birthplace of [[painting|painter]] [[Ivan Shishkin]]. [[Nadezhda Durova]], who, disguised as a man, was a highly decorated cavalry officer during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] died there in 1866.  It is also where the Russian poet [[Marina Tsvetayeva]] committed suicide in 1941. The poet is buried at the municipal cemetery.

==Miscellaneous==
Near Yelabuga is the [[Nizhnyaya Kama National Park]].

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

===Twin towns and sister cities===
Yelabuga is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Safranbolu]], Turkey
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Aleksin]], Russia
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Beryozovsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast|Beryozovsky]], Russia
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Weilheim in Oberbayern]], Germany

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|ta|adm|list}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|ta|mun|list|yelabuzhsky}}

==External links==
*[http://www.elabuga-city.ru Unofficial website of Yelabuga] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://www.elabuga-city.ru/en/ Unofficial website of Yelabuga] {{in lang|en}}
*[http://www.love-elabuga.narod.ru Website about Yelabuga] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://hometoroam.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/nizhnekamsk-yelabuga-and-surrounding.html Article about Yelabuga, Nizhnekamsk and the surrounding area] {{in lang|en}}
*[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd_eng.php?reg=317 Population of Yelabuga by mother tongue in 1897] {{in lang|en}}

{{Republic of Tatarstan}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tatarstan]]
[[Category:Yelabuzhsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Kama River]]