Editing Yellow-browed warbler

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Yellow-browed warbler (Phylloscopus inornatus), Parc du Slot, Woluwé-St.-Lambert, Brussels (34053989676).jpg
| image_caption = Bird on autumn migration in [[Brussels]], Belgium
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International. |year=2019 |title=''Phylloscopus inornatus'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T22715310A146638886 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22715310A146638886.en |access-date=7 October 2021}}</ref>
| taxon = Phylloscopus inornatus
| authority = ([[Edward Blyth|Blyth]], 1842)
| synonyms =
''Regulus inornatus'' <small>Blyth, 1842 </small>
| range_map = PhylloscopusInornatusIUCN.svg
| range_map_caption = Range of ''P. inornatus''{{leftlegend|#00FF00|Breeding|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#00FFFF|Passage|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#007FFF|Non-breeding|outline=gray}} 
}}

The '''yellow-browed warbler''' ('''''Phylloscopus inornatus''''') is a [[leaf warbler]] ([[family (biology)|family]] Phylloscopidae) which breeds in the east [[Palearctic]]. This [[warbler]] is strongly [[bird migration|migratory]] and winters mainly in [[tropical]] [[South Asia]] and [[South-east Asia]], but also in small numbers in western [[Europe]]. Like the rest of Phylloscopidae, it was formerly included in the [[Old World warbler]] assemblage.<ref name=Hoyo>{{cite book | editor-last = Hoyo| editor-first = J. del| display-editors=etal| title = Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 11| publisher = Lynx Edicions| year = 2006 | location = Barcelona| pages = 660| isbn = 84-96553-06-X}}</ref>

It was formerly considered to comprise three [[subspecies]], but ''P. i. humei'' and ''P. i. mandellii'' are now split as a separate species, [[Hume's leaf warbler]] ''P. humei'', leaving ''P. inornatus'' [[monotypic]]. The two [[sister species]] differ slightly but consistently in [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]], [[bioacoustics]], and molecular characters.<ref>Alström & Olsson (1988), Shirihai & Madge (1993), Irwin ''et al.'' (2001), Sangster ''et al.'' (2002)</ref><ref name=Svensson>Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., & Zetterström, D. (2010). ''Collins Bird Guide'', 2nd ed. HarperCollins {{ISBN|978-0-00-726814-6}}.</ref> Before the species was split, the names yellow-browed willow warbler<ref>[[Cheng Tso-hsin]] (1987). ''A Synopsis of the Avifauna of China''. Science Press, Beijing {{ISBN|3-490-12518-5}}.</ref> and inornate warbler<ref>e.g. King, B., Woodcock, M., & Dickinson, E. C. (1975). ''A Field Guide to the Birds of South-east Asia''. Collins {{ISBN|0-00-219206-3}}.</ref> were used by a few authors.

==Taxonomy==
The yellow-browed warbler was [[Species description|first described]]  by the English zoologist [[Edward Blyth]] in 1842 and given the [[binomial name]] ''Regulus inornatus''.<ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Cottrell | editor2-first=G. William | year=1986 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 11 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=240 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483941 }}</ref><ref>{{ cite journal | last=Blyth | first=Edward | author-link=Edward Blyth | year=1842 | title=Notes on various Indian and Malaysian birds | journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal | volume=11 | issue=1 | page=191 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39999908 }}</ref> The current genus name ''Phylloscopus'' is from [[Ancient Greek]] ''phullon'', "leaf", and ''skopos'', "seeker" (from ''skopeo'', "to watch"). The specific ''inornatus'' is [[Latin]] for "plain".<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n205 205], 305}}</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Chích mày lớn.jpg|thumb|left|Yellow-browed Warbler wintering in Vietnam]]
[[File:Phylloscopus inornatus Meet Again 368583749 crop.png|thumb|In winter in [[Hong Kong]] ([[China]]), showing the typical wing and upper head pattern]]
This is one of the smaller Old World warblers, at 9.5–11&nbsp;cm long and weighing 4–9 g distinctly smaller than a [[Common chiffchaff|chiffchaff]] but slightly larger than [[Pallas's leaf warbler]]. Like many other [[leaf warbler]]s, it has overall greenish upperparts and white underparts. It also has prominent double wing bars formed by yellowish-white tips to the wing covert feathers (a long bar on the greater coverts and a short bar on the median coverts), yellow-margined tertial feathers, and long yellow [[supercilium]]. Some individuals also have a faint paler green central crown stripe though many do not show this.<ref name=Hoyo/><ref name=Svensson/><ref name=Snow>{{cite book |title=The Birds of the Western Palearctic |last=Snow |first=D. W. |author2=Perrins, C. M. | edition = Concise | year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location= Oxford|isbn= 0-19-854099-X}}</ref>

It is not shy, but its arboreal life style makes it difficult to observe. It is almost constantly in motion. Its song is a high-pitched medley of whistles; the call is piercing, often disyllabic "tseeweest", strikingly loud for the bird's small size. The only real possibility of confusion is with the similar-looking [[Hume's leaf warbler]] (''P. humei''), which in the limited area of overlap has duller colours, a faint second wing bar and dark legs and lower mandible. Their songs and calls are clearly distinct, with Hume's having a more chirping "chwee" call. It can easily be distinguished from Pallas's warbler as it does not have the conspicuous yellow central crown stripe and rump patch shown by that species.<ref name=Hoyo/><ref name=Svensson/>

==Ecology and distribution==
Like most warblers, it is [[insectivore|insectivorous]]. The nest is built in dense vegetation often at the base of a tree or old stump; two to four (occasionally more) eggs are laid, hatching after 11–14 days, with the chicks fledging when 12–13 days old.<ref name=Hoyo/>

This is an abundant bird of lowland and [[montane forest]]s and woodlands; particularly in winter it may also be found in more open woods. Its breeding range extends from just west of the [[Ural Mountains]] eastwards to eastern [[Siberia]], [[Mongolia]] and [[Northeast China]]. Its winter [[habitat]] is lowland [[Broadleaf forest|broadleaf]] or [[conifer]]ous forest, from [[West Bengal]] and [[Assam]] in northeastern India  east through southern [[China]] to [[Taiwan]], and through [[Bangladesh]] south to the [[Malay Peninsula]]. In summer, it occurs at altitudes of up to 2,440 m, and in winter, up to 1,525 m.<ref name=Hoyo/>

The European breeding population west of the Urals has increased westwards in recent decades; in 1950 it was described as 'fairly scarce', but 'locally abundant' with 45,000–46,000 pairs in 1990.<ref name=Snow/>

Small numbers, most likely from the western end of the breeding range, regularly winter in western Europe. These arrive in [[Great Britain]] in late September and October after a 3,000–3,500&nbsp;km migration from the Urals, a markedly shorter distance than the 5,500–6,000&nbsp;km they would need to fly to reach the normal wintering areas in southeastern Asia. Exact numbers in this population are unknown, but typically several hundred are found arriving in Great Britain each autumn; given their unobtrusive behaviour, this is probably only a fraction of the total. In the past widely considered to be [[vagrancy (biology)|vagrants]], these birds are now thought to be undertaking a normal regular migration, able to take advantage of the mild [[oceanic climate]] winters on the western fringes of Europe for wintering.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Gilroy | first1 = J. J. | last2 = Lees | first2 = A. C. | year = 2003 | title = Vagrancy theories: are autumn vagrants really reverse migrants? | journal = British Birds | volume = 96 | pages = 427–438 }}</ref>

A common species in most of its wide range, the yellow-browed warbler is not considered [[threatened]] by the [[IUCN]].<ref>BLI (2008)</ref>

Hume's leaf warbler overlaps its breeding range with yellow-browed warbler in the western [[Sayan Mountains]], but the species apparently do not [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridise]]. Their lineages diverged roughly 2.5 [[million years ago]].<ref>Ernst (1996), Irwin ''et al.'' (2001)</ref>

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Commons category|Phylloscopus inornatus}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Alström | first1 = Per | last2 = Olsson | first2 = U | year = 1988 | title = Taxonomy of Yellow-browed Warblers | journal = [[British Birds (magazine)|Br. Birds]] | volume = 81 | pages = 656–657 }}
* Ernst, S. (1996): Zweiter Beitrag zur Vogelwelt des Östlichen Altai ["Second contribution regarding the avifauna of the Sayan Mountains"]. ''Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin'' 72, ''Suppl. Ann. Ornithol''. '''20''': 123–180 [In German].
* Inskipp, Carol; Inskipp, Tim & Sherub<!-- no second name --> (2000): [http://www.orientalbirdclub.org/publications/forktail/16pdfs/Inskipp-Bhutan.pdf The ornithological importance of Thrumshingla National Park, Bhutan.] ''[[Forktail (journal)|Forktail]]'' '''14''': 147–162.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Irwin | first1 = D.E. | last2 = Alström | first2 = Per | last3 = Olsson | first3 = U. | last4 = Benowitz-Fredericks | first4 = Z.M. | year = 2001 | title = Cryptic species in the genus ''Phylloscopus'' (Old World leaf warblers) | url = http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~irwin/PDFs/Irwinetal2001%20Ibis.pdf | journal = [[Ibis (journal)|Ibis]] | volume = 143 | issue = 2| pages = 233–247 | doi = 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2001.tb04479.x }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Sangster | first1 = George | last2 = Knox | first2 = Alan G. | last3 = Helbig | first3 = Andreas J. | last4 = Parkin | first4 = David T. | year = 2002 | title = Taxonomic recommendations for European birds | journal = [[Ibis (journal)|Ibis]] | volume = 144 | issue = 1| pages = 153–159 | doi = 10.1046/j.0019-1019.2001.00026.x }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Shirihai | first1 = H. | last2 = Madge | first2 = S. | year = 1993 | title = Identification of Hume's Yellow-browed Warbler | journal = [[Birding World]] | volume = 6 | pages = 439–443 }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q330318}}

[[Category:Phylloscopus|yellow-browed warbler]]<!-- common-name category is handled via cat:Phylloscopidae -->
[[Category:Birds of North Asia]]
[[Category:Birds of Manchuria]]
[[Category:Wintering birds of Indochina]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1842|yellow-browed warbler]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Blyth|yellow-browed warbler]]