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{{Distinguish|Yetminster (ward)}}{{Short description|Village in Dorset, England}} {{Use British English|date=June 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}} {{Infobox UK place |country = England |official_name = Yetminster |static_image_name = Yetminster Cross - geograph.org.uk - 438257.jpg |static_image_caption = Yetminster |coordinates = {{coord|50.895|-2.578|display=inline,title}} |map_type = Dorset |population = 1,105 |population_ref =(2011)<ref name=ons>{{NOMIS2011|id=1170213630|title=Yetminster Parish|access-date=10 March 2018}}</ref> |unitary_england = [[Dorset (unitary authority)|Dorset]] |lieutenancy_england = [[Dorset]] |post_town = SHERBORNE |postcode_area = DT |postcode_district = DT9 |dial_code = 01935 |region = South West England |constituency_westminster = [[West Dorset (UK Parliament constituency)|West Dorset]] |os_grid_reference = ST594108 }} [[File:Yetminster high street during the annual fair day - geograph.org.uk - 80419.jpg|thumb|250px|Yetminster Fair in 2003]] '''Yetminster''' is a village and [[Civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in the [[English county]] of [[Dorset]]. It lies {{convert|4|mi|km}} south-west of [[Sherborne]]. It is sited on the River Wriggle, a tributary of the [[River Yeo (South Somerset)|River Yeo]], and is built almost entirely of honey-coloured limestone, which gives the village an appearance reminiscent of [[Cotswolds|Cotswold]] villages. In the [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]] the civil parish had a population of 1,105. ==History== In 1086 in the [[Domesday Book]] Yetminster was recorded as ''Etiminstre'';<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.domesdaybook.co.uk/dorset3.html#yetminster |title=Dorset S-Z |publisher=domesdaybook.co.uk |work=The Domesday Book Online |access-date=1 March 2015}}</ref> it had 76 households, 26 [[ploughland]]s, {{convert|42|acre|ha}} of meadow and 2 mills. It was in [[Yetminster Hundred]] and the [[tenant-in-chief]] was the [[Osmund (bishop of Salisbury)|Bishop of Salisbury]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://domesdaymap.co.uk/place/ST5910/yetminster/ |title=Place: Yetminster |publisher=domesdaymap.co.uk |work=Open Domesday |access-date=1 March 2015}}</ref> The parish church of St Andrew has [[Saxons|Saxon]] origins, though only part of a 10th-century standing cross remains from that period;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dorsethistoricchurchestrust.co.uk/yetminster.htm |title=Yetminster St Andrews |publisher=dorsethistoricchurchestrust.co.uk |work=The Dorset Historic Churches Trust |access-date=3 March 2015}}</ref><ref>Bettey, p27</ref> the current building dates mostly from the mid-15th century, though the [[chancel]] was built around 1300 and the whole church was [[Victorian restoration|restored]] in 1890 and several times subsequently.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rchme/dorset/vol1/pp270-274 |title='Yetminster', in An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Dorset, Volume 1, West (London, 1952), pp. 270–274 |publisher=University of London |work=British History Online |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> In 1300 the bishop of Salisbury founded a weekly market and three-day annual fair in the village. Records do not state whether the market thrived, but the fair continued until the 19th century.<ref>Bettey, p65</ref> It was revived in the 20th century,{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} and today takes place on the second Saturday in July. [[Robert Boyle]], pioneer of modern chemistry who is best known for [[Boyle's law]], left an endowment for the provision of a school for poor boys in the district; the building was constructed in 1697 and functioned as a school between 1711 and 1945.<ref name="yetminster">{{cite web|title=Boyle's School, Yetminster ...|url=http://www.bbk.ac.uk/boyle/boyle_whatsnew/on_the_boyle_issue_08.htm#school|website=Robert Boyle website|date=December 2007}}</ref> In the early 19th century, several buildings in the village accommodated a thriving [[dowlas]] industry.<ref name=Hall>Hall, J. J. (1898). James Padbury, obit. ''The Horological Journal'' October 1898, vol. 41. The British Horological Institute, Newark.</ref> Records from 1848 indicate Yetminster's degree of self-sufficiency as a community; nearly 20 trades and crafts were conducted in the village, including a glazier, a saddler, several shoe and boot makers, a tailor and a [[maltster]].<ref>Bettey, p134</ref> In 1857 the [[Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway]] between [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]] and [[Westbury, Wiltshire|Westbury]] opened; it passed through Yetminster and a station was built for the village.<ref>Bettey, p86</ref> Many of the buildings still standing in the village were built from the local limestone between the end of the 16th and the middle of the 18th centuries,<ref name=Gant>{{cite book |title=Dorset Villages |first=Roland |last=Gant |year=1980 |publisher=Robert Hale Ltd |page=68 |isbn=0-7091-8135-3}}</ref> resulting in an unusually unified architectural appearance. Writing in 1905 [[Sir Frederick Treves]] described the village as "probably the most consistent old-world village or townlet in the county",<ref>Treves, Sir F., ''Highways and Byways in Dorset'', Macmillan, 1905, p321</ref> in 1965 [[Ralph Wightman]] stated that "Yetminster [...] is the nearest Dorset equivalent to the stone building of the Cotswold country",<ref>{{cite book |title=Portrait of Dorset |first=Ralph |last=Wightman |publisher=Robert Hale Ltd |page=145 |edition=4 |isbn=0-7090-0844-9 |year=1983 |orig-year=1965}}</ref> and in 1980 Roland Gant wrote that "little has come since to spoil this largish village."<ref name=Gant/> ==Governance== Yetminster is within an [[Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom|electoral ward]] that [[Yetminster (ward)|bears its name]] and includes [[Chetnole]] and the surrounding area. The population of this ward in the 2011 census was 1,564.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/yetminster-e05003769#sthash.5EPbORoQ.dpbs|title=Ward population 2011 |access-date=26 February 2015}}</ref> The ward is one of 32 that comprise the [[West Dorset (UK Parliament constituency)|West Dorset parliamentary constituency]]. ==Geography== Measured directly, Yetminster village is about {{convert|4|mi|km}} southwest of Sherborne, {{convert|4|mi|km}} southeast of [[Yeovil]], {{convert|13.5|mi|km}} northeast of [[Bridport]] and {{convert|14|mi|km}} north-northwest of [[Dorchester, Dorset|Dorchester]].<ref>Bartholomew (1980) National Map Series, Sheet 4 (Dorset), {{ISBN|0-7028-0327-8}}</ref> The geology of the parish comprises a narrow central band of [[Middle Jurassic]] [[cornbrash|cornbrash limestone]] and [[Forest Marble]] that crosses the parish from west to east, with [[Upper Jurassic]] [[Oxford clay]] to the north and south. In the southeast and northeast the Oxford clay is overlain by [[Quaternary]] undifferentiated head deposits. The village is sited on the cornbrash.<ref>British Geological Survey (1973) England and Wales 1:50,000 Series, Sheet 312 (Yeovil), XE312C</ref> ==Demography== In the 2011 census Yetminster civil parish had 531 dwellings, 498 households and a population of 1,105. {{#expr:15.7+9.5+2.5+1.3}}% of residents were age 65 or over,<ref name=ons/> compared to {{#expr:8.6+5.5+1.5+0.8}}% for England as a whole.<ref>{{NOMIS2011|id=2092957699|title=England Country|fewer-links=yes|access-date=7 February 2018}}</ref> The population of the parish in the censuses between 1921 and 2001 is shown in the table below: {| class="wikitable" style="width:800px;" ! colspan= "15" style="background:; color:" | <span style="margin-left: 80px; color: ">Census Population of Yetminster Parish 1921—2001 <small>(except 1941)</small></span> |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background:; color: height:15px;"| Census ! style="background:;"| 1921 ! style="background:;"| 1931 ! style="background:;"| 1951 ! style="background:;"| 1961 ! style="background:;"| 1971 ! style="background:;"| 1981 ! style="background:;"| 1991 ! style="background:;"| 2001 |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background:; color: height:15px;"|Population | style="background:#F2F2F2;"| 522 | style="background:#F2F2F2;"| 438 | style="background:#F2F2F2;"| 573 | style="background:#F2F2F2;"| 576 | style="background:#F2F2F2;"| 810 | style="background:#F2F2F2;"| 900 | style="background:#F2F2F2;"| 990 | style="background:#F2F2F2;"| 1,080 |- style="text-align:center;" | colspan="15" style="background:#F2F2F2; color: text-align:center;"| <small>Source:Dorset County Council<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dorsetforyou.com/345043 |title=Parishes (M-Z), 1921–2001 Census Years |publisher=Dorset County Council |access-date=3 March 2015 |date=27 May 2014}}</ref></small> |} ==Amenities== Yetminster does not lie on a main road and experiences mostly local traffic. It has its own [[Yetminster railway station|railway station]] (on the [[Heart of Wessex Line]]), which is sited close to the village centre. St Andrews Church has a 300-year-old faceless clock which chimes the national anthem every three hours. As well as the expected local store and pub, Yetminster still possesses a variety of village amenities and services, including a GP surgery and health centre, and a sports/social club with playing grounds and tennis court. [[File:Upbury Farm, Church Street, Yetminster - geograph.org.uk - 438273.jpg|thumb|Upbury Farm, Church Street]] ==Notable people== Yetminster was the birthplace of [[Benjamin Jesty]] (c.1736–1816), a farmer who lived in the village for much of his life, who is notable for his early experiment in inducing immunity against [[smallpox]] using deliberate inoculation with the less virulent [[cowpox]]. Unlike [[Edward Jenner]], a medical doctor who is given broad credit for developing the smallpox vaccine in 1796, Jesty did not publicise his findings, even though they were made some twenty years earlier in 1774.<ref>{{cite ODNB | title="Jesty, Benjamin (bap. 1736, d. 1816)", rev. | author=J. R Smith | url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37605| access-date=26 October 2006| doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/37605 | year=2004 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title="Great strength of mind" in a rediscovered portrait | author=William Schupbach |work=Wellcome Trust| url=http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/News/2006/Features/WTX033489.htm| access-date=26 October 2006}}</ref> Only two people pre-dated Jesty's work.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/greatestkillersm0000hopk | url-access=registration | page=[https://archive.org/details/greatestkillersm0000hopk/page/80 80] | quote=Jobst Bose vaccine. |title = The Greatest Killer: Smallpox in History| publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn = 9780226351681|last1 = Hopkins|first1 = Donald R.|date = 15 September 2002}}</ref><ref>*Peter C. Plett: ''Peter Plett und die übrigen Entdecker der Kuhpockenimpfung vor Edward Jenner.'' In: [http://www.steiner-verlag.de/Sudhoff/ Sudhoffs Archiv], Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Band 90, Heft 2, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, 2006, S. 219–232 ({{ISSN|0039-4564}})</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Greatest Killer: Smallpox in History|last=Hopkins|first=Donald R. |year=2002 |publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-35168-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/greatestkillersm0000hopk |url-access=registration|quote=fewster Cow pox and its ability to prevent smallpox.|page=[https://archive.org/details/greatestkillersm0000hopk/page/80 80]}}</ref> There is a [[blue plaque]] commemorating Jesty's pioneering work at Upbury Farm, near to the church. English [[folk music]] group [[The Yetties]] met in the Yetminster Scout Group in the mid-1950s and took their name from the village.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Yetties, A Dorset folk-group| url=https://theyetties.com/| access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> ==References== ===Notes=== {{reflist|40em}} ===General references=== * {{cite book |title=Dorset |first=J. H. |last=Bettey |year=1974 |publisher=David & Charles |series=City & County Histories |isbn=0-7153-6371-9}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Yetminster}} {{Dorset}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Villages in Dorset]]
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