Editing Yom HaShoah

{{Short description|Israel's day of commemoration for the Jews murdered in the Holocaust}}
{{For|similar commemorations which are held on different days|Holocaust memorial days}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox holiday
| image         = Na terenie obozu Birkenau (14573491352).jpg
| caption       = "[[March of the Living]]" at Auschwitz, 2014
| nickname      = Yom HaZikaron laShoah ve-laG'vurah<br />Holocaust Remembrance Day
| observedby    = State of Israel<br>Many Jews elsewhere<br>Serbia 
| date          = 27th day of [[Nisan]]{{efn|If the 27th day of Nisan falls on a Friday, the day is commemorated on Thursday, the 26th day of Nisan. If the 27th day of Nisan falls on a Sunday, the day is commemorated on Monday, the 28th day of Nisan}}
| observances   = Flags lowered to half-mast, public places of entertainment closed; national opening ceremony and closing ceremonies; siren at 10:00 a.m. signaling the start of two minutes of silence
| type          = Jewish (national)
| significance  = Commemorating the six million Jews murdered in the [[Holocaust]], and the heroism of survivors and rescuers
| relatedto     = 
| date{{LASTYEAR}} = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=last}}
| date{{CURRENTYEAR}} = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=current}}
| date{{NEXTYEAR}} = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=next}}
| date{{NEXTYEAR|2}} = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=next2}}
| holiday_name  = Yom HaShoah
}}
{{The Holocaust sidebar}}

'''Yom HaZikaron laShoah ve-laG'vurah''' ({{langx|he|יום הזיכרון לשואה ולגבורה||lit=Holocaust and Heroism Remembrance Day}}), known colloquially in Israel and abroad as '''Yom HaShoah''' ({{langx|he|יום השואה}}, {{langx|yi|יום השואה}}) and in English as '''Holocaust Remembrance Day''', or '''Holocaust Day''', is observed as Israel's day of commemoration for the approximately six million Jews murdered in the [[Holocaust]] by [[Nazi Germany]] and its allies, and for the [[Jewish resistance under Nazi rule|Jewish resistance]] in that period.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Holocaust Memorial Day - Jewish Tradition |url=https://yahadut.org/en/shabbat-and-festivals/counting-the-omer-and-israel-s-national-holidays/holocaust-memorial-day/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=yahadut.org |language=en}}</ref> In Israel, it is a national memorial day. The first official commemorations took place in 1951, and the observance of the day was anchored in a law passed by the [[Knesset]] in 1959. It is held on the 27th of [[Nisan]] (which falls in April or May), unless the 27th would be adjacent to the Jewish [[Shabbat|Sabbath]], in which case the date is shifted by a day.<ref name="calendar">{{cite web|url=http://www.ushmm.org/remember/days-of-remembrance/remembrance-day-calendar|title=Remembrance Day Calendar|publisher=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]|access-date=April 15, 2015}}</ref>

==Origins==
===Rabbinate-instituted day (1949–1950)===
The first Holocaust Remembrance Day in Israel took place on December 28, 1949, following a decision of the [[Chief Rabbinate of Israel]] that an annual memorial should take place on the [[Tenth of Tevet]], a traditional day of mourning and fasting in the Hebrew calendar. The day was marked by the burial in a Jerusalem cemetery of ashes and bones of thousands of Jews brought from the [[Flossenbürg concentration camp]] and religious ceremonies held in honor of the victims. A radio program on the Holocaust was broadcast that evening. The following year, in December 1950, the Rabbinate, organizations of former European Jewish communities and the [[Israel Defense Forces]] held memorial ceremonies around the country; they mostly involved funerals, in which objects such as desecrated [[Torah]] scrolls and the bones and ashes of the dead brought from Europe were interred.<ref name=RemDayHist>{{cite news|last1=Gilad|first1=Elon|title=The History of Holocaust Remembrance Day|url=https://www.haaretz.com/the-history-of-holocaust-remembrance-day-1.5246317|access-date=January 17, 2018|work=Ha'Aretz|date=April 27, 2014}}</ref>

===Knesset-instituted day (1951–1958)===
In 1951, the Knesset began deliberations to choose a date for Holocaust Remembrance Day. On April 12, 1951, after also considering as possibilities the Tenth of Tevet, the 14th of [[Nisan]], which is the day before [[Passover]] and the day on which the [[Warsaw Ghetto uprising]] (April 19, 1943) began, and September 1, the date on which the [[Second World War]] began, the Knesset passed a resolution establishing 27 Nisan in the Hebrew calendar, a week after Passover, and eight days before [[Independence Day (Israel)|Israel Independence Day]] as the annual ''Holocaust and Ghetto Uprising Remembrance Day''.<ref name=RemDayHist/><ref name="Naor1951">{{cite book|last1=Naor|first1=Mordechai|title=The Twentieth Century in Eretz Israel|date=1998|publisher=Konenmann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH|location=Cologne, Germany|isbn=9783895085956|pages=299–300|edition=English|translator-last=Krausz|translator-first=Judith|chapter=1951}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Marking Yom HaShoah: Calendars And Memory, God And History|url=http://jewishweek.timesofisrael.com/marking-yom-hashoah-calendars-and-memory-god-and-history/|website=The New York Jewish Week|date=April 27, 2011 |access-date=April 23, 2017}}</ref>

On May 3, 1951, the first officially organized Holocaust Remembrance Day event was held at the [[Chamber of the Holocaust]] on [[Mount Zion]]; the [[Israel Postal Company|Israel Postal Service]] issued a special commemorative envelope; and a bronze statue of [[Mordechai Anielewicz]], the leader of the Warsaw Ghetto revolt, was unveiled at [[Yad Mordechai]], a kibbutz named for him. From the following year, the lighting of six beacons in memory of the six million Jews murdered by the Nazis became a standard feature of the official commemoration of Holocaust Memorial Day.<ref name=RemDayHist />

===Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Day Law (1959)===
On April 8, 1959, the Knesset officially established the day when it passed the ''Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Day Law'' with the purpose of instituting an annual "commemoration of the disaster which the Nazis and their collaborators brought upon the Jewish people and the acts of heroism and revolt performed." The law was signed by the [[Prime Minister of Israel]], [[David Ben-Gurion]], and the [[President of Israel]], [[Yitzhak Ben-Zvi]]. It established that the day would be observed by a two-minute silence when all work would come to a halt throughout the country, memorial gatherings and commemorative events in public and educational institutions would be held, flags would be flown at half mast, and programs relevant to the day would be presented on the radio and in places of entertainment. An amendment to the law in 1961 mandated that cafes, restaurants and clubs be closed on the day.<ref name=RemDayHist/><ref>{{cite journal|title=Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Day Law|journal=Sefer Ha-Hukkim|date=April 17, 1959|issue=280|page=112 |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/shoah/eng/shoah_memorialday_eng.pdf|access-date=January 17, 2018|trans-title=English translation|publisher=The [[Knesset]]|location=Jerusalem, Israel|language=he}}{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105213359/https://www.knesset.gov.il/shoah/eng/shoah_memorialday_eng.pdf/}}
</ref>

==Commemoration==
===Israel===
====Date====
The date is set in accordance with the Hebrew calendar, on 27 Nisan, so that it varies in regard to the [[Gregorian calendar]]. Observance of the day is moved back to the Thursday before, if 27 Nisan falls on a Friday (as in 2021 or 2025), or forward a day, if 27 Nisan falls on a Sunday (to avoid adjacency with the Jewish Sabbath, as in 2024). The fixed Jewish calendar ensures 27 Nisan does not fall on Saturday.<ref name="calendar" /><ref name=":0" />

====Evening====
Yom HaShoah opens in Israel at sundown<ref>In the Jewish calendar the day begins in the evening and ends in the following evening.</ref> in a state ceremony held in [[Warsaw Ghetto]] Square at [[Yad Vashem]], the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes Authority, in [[Jerusalem]]. During the ceremony the national flag is lowered to [[half mast]], the President and the Prime Minister both deliver speeches, [[Holocaust survivors]] light six torches symbolizing the approximately six million Jews murdered in the Holocaust and the [[Chief Rabbinate of Israel|Chief Rabbis]] recite prayers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Day, April 18–19, 2012|url=http://www.yadvashem.org/press-release/16-april-2012-11-43|publisher=Yad Vashem|access-date=April 20, 2012}}</ref>

====Daytime====
On Yom HaShoah, ceremonies and services are held at schools, military bases and by other public and community organizations.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schechter|first1=Jack|title=Journey of a Rabbi: Vision and Strategies for the Revitalization of Jewish Life|date=2014|publisher=UPA|isbn=9780761863991|page=464}}</ref>

On the eve of Yom HaShoah and the day itself, places of public entertainment are closed by law. Israeli television airs Holocaust documentaries and Holocaust-related talk shows, and low-key songs are played on the radio. Flags on public buildings are flown at half mast. At 10:00 a.m., an [[Civil defense in Israel#Ceremonial use of sirens|air raid siren]] sounds throughout the country and Israelis are expected to observe two minutes<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Siren-brings-Israel-to-a-halt-as-country-marks-Holocaust-Remembrance-Day-453178|title=Siren brings Israel to a halt as country marks Holocaust Remembrance Day|work=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com|access-date=April 23, 2017}}</ref> of solemn reflection. It is customary to pause what is being done and to reflect, including motorists who stop their cars in the middle of the road, standing beside their vehicles in silence as the siren is sounded.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/.premium-1.587745|title=WATCH: Israelis Pause in Silence as Siren Sounds for Holocaust Remembrance Day|last=Harman|first=Danna|date=April 28, 2014|work=Haaretz|access-date=April 23, 2017}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Yom HaShoah Flags halfmast.jpg|Flags at [[half mast]] at sundown on Yom HaShoah
File:YomHashoahJerusalem.JPG|Sirens blare at 10:00 a.m. as motorists exit their cars and stand in silence in front of the Prime Minister's House in Jerusalem and throughout Israel on Yom HaShoah.
File:Tsfira Mvi3790.ogv|Video:  Two minutes in silence in Tel Aviv
</gallery>

===Abroad===
[[File:March of the living-in-auschwitz.jpg|150px|thumb|''[[The March of the Living]]'' from Auschwitz to Birkenau is held annually on Yom HaShoah.]]

Jewish communities and individuals throughout the world commemorate Yom HaShoah in [[synagogues]] as well as in the broader Jewish community. Many hold their commemorative ceremonies on the closest Sunday to Yom HaShoah as a more practical day for people to attend, while some mark the day on April 19, the anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising. Jewish schools also hold Holocaust-related educational programs on or near Yom HaShoah.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yom Hashoah: Holocaust Memorial Day|url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/yom-hashoah-holocaust-memorial-day/|website=My Jewish Learning.|access-date=January 17, 2018|date=2018}}</ref><ref name="JVL-YH">{{cite web|title=Jewish Holidays: Yom HaShoah – Holocaust Memorial Day|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/yom-ha-shoah-holocaust-memorial-day|website=Jewish Virtual Library|date=2018}}</ref>

Commemorations typically include memorial services and communal vigils and educational programs. These programs often include talks by Holocaust survivors (although this is becoming less common as time passes and there are fewer survivors who remain alive), candle-lighting ceremonies, the recitation of [[El Malei Rachamim|memorial prayers]], the [[Kaddish#Mourner's Kaddish|Mourner's Kaddish]] and appropriate songs and readings. Some communities read the names of Holocaust victims or show Holocaust-themed films.<ref name="JVL-YH"/>

Since 1988 in Poland, a memorial service has been held after a three-kilometer walk by thousands of participants from Auschwitz to Birkenau in what has become known as "[[The March of the Living]]".<ref>{{cite news|title=Thousands walk from Auschwitz to Birkenau in March of the Living |url=http://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/WATCH-LIVE-Thousands-walk-from-Auschwitz-to-Birkenau-in-March-of-the-Living-453186|access-date=April 23, 2017|publisher=Jerusalem Post|date=May 5, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=About the March|url=https://motl.org/about/|website=March of the Living |access-date=January 17, 2018}}</ref>

Yom HaShoah is also commemorated by [[Australian Jews]]. In 2022, [[Treasurer of Australia|Treasurer]] [[Josh Frydenberg]], who is Jewish, commemorated Yom HaShoah at the [[Melbourne Hebrew Congregation]] on the synagogue's 180th anniversary.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.australianjewishnews.com/one-on-one-with-josh-frydenberg/amp/ | title=One-on-one with Josh Frydenberg – the Australian Jewish News }}</ref>

While in Europe Holocaust Remembrance Day is celebrated on the anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp by the Soviet military in 1945, the Israeli government chose to commemorate a day that honored Jewish resistance and heroism in the face of the Nazi genocide.

==Religious observances and liturgy==
In the last few decades all the prayerbooks of [[Conservative Judaism|Conservative]]<ref>Harlow, Jules. [sidur Śim Shalom Le-Ḥol] =: Siddur Sim Shalom for Weekdays. New York: Rabbinical Assembly, United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, 2002. Print.</ref> and [[Reform Judaism]]<ref>Frishman, Elyse D. [mishkan Tefilah] =: Mishkan T'filah : a Reform Siddur : Weekdays, Shabbat, Festivals, and Other Occasions of Public Worship. , 2006. Print.</ref> have developed similar liturgies to be used on Yom HaShoah. The [[siddur]]im of these groups add passages that are meant to be added to standard weekday service, as well as stand-alone sections.  These liturgies generally include:

* Lighting of a candle (often each member of the congregation lights one)
* Modern poems, including "I believe in the sun even when it is not shining..."
* [[El Malei Rachamim|El Malei Rahamim]] (God, full of mercy, dwelling on high)
* [[Mourner's Kaddish]]

In response to the lack of liturgy dedicated to Yom HaShoah, Daniel Gross composed, in 2009, ''I Believe: A Shoah Requiem'', a complete musical liturgy dedicated to the observance of Yom HaShoah. An a cappella oratorio scored for cantor, soprano solo, adult chorus and children's chorus, ''I Believe'' features several traditional prayer texts such as the Mourner's Kaddish (''Kaddish Yatom'') and the ''El Malei'' memorial prayer, and also includes the poetry of Paul Celan and Primo Levi. On April 7, 2013, ''I Believe'' had its world premiere<ref>[http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20130405/sound-check-interfaith-shoah-requiem-at-orchestra-hall Gary Graff. Interfaith Shoah Requiem at Orchestra Hall]</ref> presentation at Orchestra Hall at the Max M. Fisher Music Center in Detroit, Michigan.

===Orthodox Judaism===
While there are Orthodox Jews who commemorate the Holocaust on Yom HaShoah, others in the Orthodox community, especially [[Haredim]], including [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidim]], remember the victims of the Holocaust in their daily prayers and on traditional days of mourning that were already in place before the Holocaust, such as [[Tisha B'Av]] in the summer, and the [[Tenth of Tevet]] in the winter, because in the Jewish tradition the month of Nisan is considered a joyous month associated with [[Passover]] and messianic redemption. The moment of silence is by some purposely ignored because of the non-Jewish origins of this sort of memorial.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Debates Parlamentares - Diário 039, p. 2 (1912-02-13)|url = http://debates.parlamento.pt/catalogo/r1/cs/01/01/02/039/1912-02-13/2|website = debates.parlamento.pt|access-date = 2016-01-01 |quote=O Sr. Presidente: Tenho de cumprir o doloroso dever de comunicar ao Senado o falecimento, no Rio de Janeiro, do Barão do Rio Branco, que ilustrou grandemente o seu nome, tanto pela maneira como dirigiu os negócios diplomáticos do Brasil como pela erudição manifestada nas suas obras, e que muito honrou a sua origem lusitana. (Apoiados gerais). Além disso devemos lembrar-nos de que o Barão do Rio Branco era Ministro do Govêrno que primeiro reconheceu a República Portuguesa. (Apoiados gerais). Por consideração, pois, para com todos êstes aspectos daquele vulto notável, proponho que a sessão seja interrompida durante 10 minutos, conservando-se os Srs. Senadores sentados nos seus lugares e silenciosos durante êsse espaço de tempo. (Apoiados gerais). Às 14 horas e 45 minutos foi, portanto, suspensa a sessão, reabrindo-se às 14 e 55 minutos. The President: I must fulfill the painful duty of communicating to the Senate the death in Rio de Janeiro of the baron of Rio Branco, who made his name illustrious with the manner in which he conducted the diplomatic business of Brazil as well as with the erudition manifested in his work, and who honored his Portuguese origins with grandeur. Furthermore, we must remember that the baron of Rio Branco was a Minister of the government that first recognized the Portuguese Republic. Thus, in consideration of all these aspects related to this notable figure, I propose that the session be interrupted for 10 minutes, with the Senators remaining on their seats in silence for that period of time. At 14 hours and 45 minutes the session was therefore suspended, reopening at 14 hours and 55 minutes.}}</ref> Some Haredi rabbis recommend adding ''piyyutim'' (religious poems) about the Holocaust to the liturgy of Tisha B’Av; some adherents follow this advice.<ref name="MJL">{{cite web|title=Yom Hashoah: Holocaust Memorial Day|url=http://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/yom-hashoah-holocaust-memorial-day/|website=My Jewish Learning|access-date=April 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last = Feinstein |first = Moshe |title = Igros Moshe, Volume 8, Yoreh Deah, Siman 57| year = 1996| location = New York|page = 289}}</ref>

===Conservative Judaism===

[[File:Yom Hashoah candle.jpg|thumb|200px|A lit Yom HaShoah Yellow Candle]]In 1981, members of the Federation of Jewish Men's Clubs FJMC, a branch of the mainstream Conservative/Masorti movement, created a special memorial project specifically for Yom HaShoah.  A dedicated yahrzeit candle was conceived, with yellow wax and a barbed-wire Star of David logo reminiscent of the armbands Jews were forced to wear during the Holocaust.  This object has come to be known as the Yellow Candle.  Approximately 200,000 candles are distributed around the world each year, along with relevant prayers and meditations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Yellow Candle UK |url=https://www.yellowcandleuk.org/about |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=Yellow Candle UK |language=en}}</ref>

In 1984, Conservative [[Rabbi]] [[David Golinkin]] wrote an article in ''[[Conservative Judaism]]'' journal suggesting a program of observance for the holiday, including fasting.  In his article he noted that while private fasts are indeed prohibited during the month of Nisan (a major Orthodox objection to the placement of the day), communal fasts for tragedies befalling Jewish communities had indeed been declared throughout the pre-Modern period.<ref>{{Cite web |title=התנועה המסורתית : כיצד נציין את יום השואה |url=https://www.masorti.org.il/yomhashoah |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=www.masorti.org.il}}</ref>

Another prominent Conservative Jewish figure shared the Orthodox sentiment about not adopting Yom HaShoah. [[Ismar Schorsch]], former Chancellor of [[Conservative Judaism]]'s [[Jewish Theological Seminary of America]] held that Holocaust commemoration should take place on [[Tisha b'Av]].<ref name="JVL">{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/yomhashoah.html|title=Holocaust Memorial Day (Yom Ha-Shoah)|year=2011|publisher=Jewish Virtual Library|access-date=May 1, 2011}}</ref>

The Masorti (Conservative) movement in Israel has created ''[[Megillat HaShoah]]'', a scroll and liturgical reading for Yom HaShoah.  This publication was a joint project of Jewish leaders in Israel, the United States and Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Megillat Hashoah, The Shoah Scroll |url=https://schechter.edu/publication/megillat-hashoah-the-shoah-scroll/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=The Schechter Institutes}}</ref>

In 2011, the FJMC introduced a related Yellow Candle concept for use on ''[[Kristallnacht]]'' (The Night of Shattered Glass), November 9–10, commemorating the first organised Nazi [[pogrom]] of Jews in 1938, and other important Shoah commemoration dates. Called the Ner Katan, FJMC's new version consists of six Yellow Candles provided for communal observances and ceremonies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shoah Yellow Candle 2012 "Ner Katan" Program Guide |url=https://archive.fjmc.org/sites/default/files/documents/yc_documents/nerkatanprogramguide.pdf |website=Federation of Jewish Men’s Clubs}}</ref>

More recently Conservative rabbis and lay leaders in the US, Israel and Canada collaborated to write ''[[Megillat Hashoah]]'' (The Holocaust Scroll). It contains personal recollections of Holocaust survivors. A [[responsum]] was written by Rabbi Golinkin expressing the view that not only is it legitimate for the modern Jewish community to write a new scroll of mourning, it was also incumbent to do so.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schechter.edu/insightIsrael.aspx?ID=34|title=Megillat HaShoah: The Holocaust Scroll|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719181539/http://www.schechter.edu/insightIsrael.aspx?ID=34|archive-date=July 19, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Reform Judaism===
Reform Jewish congregations have tended to commemorate the memory of the Holocaust either on [[International Holocaust Remembrance Day]] or on Yom HaShoah. These commemorations of the Holocaust have used a ceremony that is loosely modeled after a [[Passover Seder]]. The focus of the seder has changed with time. The earlier Holocaust seders commemorated the losses of the Holocaust through a reenactment events from the Holocaust<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://washingtonjewishweek.com/11938/a-seder-for-yom-hashoah/editorial-opinion/voices/|title=A seder for Yom Hashoah|website=washingtonjewishweek.com|language=en-US|access-date=April 20, 2017|date=April 30, 2014}}</ref> and through the lighting of six&nbsp;[[Yahrzeit candle|yahrzeit candles]] to reflect the approximately 6&nbsp;million Jews murdered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sederyomhashoah.com/|title=Seder Yom Hashoah – Welcome|website=www.sederyomhashoah.com|language=en|access-date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> More modern [[Haggadah|Haggadot]] for Yom HaShoah, such as Gathering from the Whirlwind,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hashoahhaggadah.org/|title=Gathering from The Whirlwind}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tjpnews.com/changing-face-of-holocaust-education/|title=Changing face of Holocaust education {{!}} TJP|website=tjpnews.com|date=April 20, 2017 |access-date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> have concentrated on renewal,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cjnews.com/culture/books-and-authors/third-seder-created-commemorate-holocaust|title=Third seder created to commemorate Holocaust – The Canadian Jewish News|author=Janice Arnold|date=April 10, 2012|work=The Canadian Jewish News|access-date=April 20, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> remembrance, and the continuity of Jewish life.

In 1988 the American Reform movement published ''Six Days of Destruction'' ([[Elie Wiesel]] and Rabbi [[Albert Friedlander]]). Narratives from Holocaust survivors are juxtaposed with the six days of creation found in Genesis.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Wiesel |first1=Elie |last2=Friedlander |first2=Albert H. |doi=10.1016/C2009-0-07916-1 |title=The Six Days of Destruction |year=1988 |isbn=9780080365053 |publisher=Pergamon |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/sixdaysofdestruc0000wies }}</ref>

==Gregorian dates==
These are the upcoming dates of observance of Yom HaShoah. Note that the observance begins at sundown on the indicated date and proceeds through sundown of the following day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yom HaShoah|url=https://www.hebcal.com/holidays/yom-hashoah|website=Hebrew Calendar|access-date=April 24, 2025}}</ref>
* 2026: Monday, April 13
* 2027: Monday, May 3
* 2028: Sunday, April 23
* 2029: Wednesday, April 11

==See also==
* [[Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust]]
* [[Holocaust Memorial Day]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/remembrance-day/index.asp Yom Hashoah] on the [[Yad Vashem]] website
* [https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/About/Pages/shoah.aspx Yom HaShoah from the Israeli Knesset] {{in lang|en}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140813070706/http://www.knesset.gov.il/shoah/heb/shoah.htm Yom HaShoah from the Israeli Knesset] {{in lang|he}}
* [https://www.yomhashoah.org.uk/ The Forum for Yom HaShoah (UK)]
* [https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/yom-ha-shoah-holocaust-memorial-day Holocaust Memorial Day (Yom Ha-Shoah) at the Jewish Virtual Library]
* [https://www.hebcal.com/holidays/yom-hashoah 27th of Nisan as standard dates on HebCal]
* United States Holocaust Memorial Museum – [https://www.ushmm.org/remember/days-of-remembrance Days of Remembrance]

{{Israeli holidays}}
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[[Category:Holocaust remembrance days]]
[[Category:Jewish observances]]
[[Category:Nisan observances]]
[[Category:Observances honoring victims of war]]
[[Category:Public holidays in Israel]]
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[[Category:Words and phrases in Modern Hebrew]]