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VxWorks

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Multiple issues Template:Infobox OS

VxWorks is a real-time operating system (or RTOS) developed as proprietary software by Wind River Systems, a subsidiary of Aptiv. First released in 1987, VxWorks is designed for use in embedded systems requiring real-time, deterministic performance and in many cases, safety and security certification for industries such as aerospace, defense, medical devices, industrial equipment, robotics, energy, transportation, network infrastructure, automotive, and consumer electronics.<ref name="64bitWBvert">"VxWorks Goes 64-bit", Electronic Design, March 25, 2011</ref>

VxWorks supports AMD/Intel architecture, POWER architecture, ARM architectures, and RISC-V.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The RTOS can be used in multicore asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP), symmetric multiprocessing (SMP), and mixed modes<ref name="amp">RTOS Handles AMP and SMP, electronic design, March 2009</ref> and multi-OS (via Type 1 hypervisor)<ref name="virt">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> designs on 32- and 64-bit processors.<ref name="star">Embedded Star Template:Webarchive Article, February 2011</ref>

VxWorks comes with the kernel, middleware, board support packages, Wind River Workbench development suite, complementary third-party software and hardware. In its latest release, VxWorks 7, the RTOS has been re-engineered for modularity and upgradeability so the OS kernel is separate from middleware, applications, and other packages.<ref name="iTERS">Wind River Template:Webarchive reinvents real-time system for the Internet of Things, iTERS news, March 2014</ref> Scalability, security, safety, connectivity, and graphics have been improved to address Internet of Things (IOT) needs.<ref name="MSSC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="msscwb">Wind River Reinvents the RTOS for the IoT, Business Wire, February 2014</ref><ref name="joab1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

VxWorks started in the late 1980s as a set of enhancements to a simple RTOS called VRTX<ref name="netrino-glossary-v">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> sold by Ready Systems (becoming a Mentor Graphics product in 1995).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Wind River acquired rights to distribute VRTX and significantly enhanced it by adding, among other things, a file system and an integrated development environment. In 1987, anticipating the termination of its reseller contract by Ready Systems, Wind River proceeded to develop its own kernel to replace VRTX within VxWorks.<ref>Lord of the Toasters, Wired (magazine) interview with Jerry Fiddler, September 1998</ref>

Published in 2003 with a Wind River copyright, "Real-Time Concepts for Embedded Systems"<ref name="book"> Template:Cite book</ref> describes the development environment, runtime setting, and system call families of the RTOS. Written by Wind River employees with a foreword by Jerry Fiddler, chairman, and co-founder of Wind River, the textbook is an excellent tutorial on the RTOS. (It does not, however, replace Wind River documentation as might be needed by practicing engineers.)

Some key milestones for VxWorks include:<ref name="history">Company Histories, Funding Universe</ref>Template:Failed verification

  • 1980s: VxWorks adds support for 32-bit processors.
  • 1990s: VxWorks 5 becomes the firstTemplate:Citation needed RTOS with a networking stack.
  • 2000s: VxWorks 6 supports SMP and adds derivative industry-specific platforms.
  • 2010s: VxWorks adds support for 64-bit processing<ref name="star"/> and introduces VxWorks 7 for IoT in 2016.<ref name="joab2">Wind River Outfits VxWorks for the Internet of Things, Computer World</ref>
  • 2020s: VxWorks continues to update and add support, including the ability to power the Mars 2020 lander.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Platform overviewEdit

VxWorks supports Intel architecture, Power architecture, and ARM architectures. The RTOS can be used in multi-core asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP), symmetric multiprocessing (SMP), mixed modes<ref name="star"/> and multi-OS (via Type 1 hypervisor)<ref name="virt"/> designs on 32- and 64- bit processors.

The VxWorks consists of a set of runtime components and development tools. The run time components are an operating system (UP and SMP; 32- and 64-bit), software for applications support (file system, core network stack, USB stack, and inter-process communications), and hardware support (architecture adapter, processor support library, device driver library, and board support packages).<ref name="star"/> VxWorks core development tools are compilers such as Diab, GNU, and Intel C++ Compiler (ICC) and its build and configuration tools. The system also includes productivity tools such as its Workbench development suite and Intel tools and development support tools for asset tracking and host support.<ref name="star"/>

The platform is a modular, vendor-neutral, open system that supports a range of third-party software and hardware. The OS kernel is separate from middleware, applications, and other packages,<ref name="msscwb"/> which enables easier bug fixes and testing of new features.<ref name="joab2"/> An implementation of a layered source build system allows multiple versions of any stack to be installed at the same time so developers can select which version of any feature set should go into the VxWorks kernel libraries.

Optional advanced add-ons for VxWorks provide additional capabilities, including the following:

  • Advanced security features to safeguard devices and data residing in and traveling across the Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Advanced safety partitioning to enable reliable application consolidation
  • Real-time advanced visual edge analytics allow autonomous responses on VxWorks-based devices in real-time without latency
  • Optimized embedded Java runtime engine enabling the deployment of Java applications
  • Virtualization capability with a real-time embedded, Type 1 hypervisor

FeaturesEdit

Core features of the OS include:<ref name="amp"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>POSIX Certification Register</ref><ref>Filesystems Template:Webarchive in VxWorks, CDF online, Fermi Labs</ref>

In March 2014 Wind River introduced VxWorks 7, emphasizing scalability, security, safety, connectivity, graphics, and virtualization.<ref name="joab1"/><ref name="joab2"/><ref name="mod">Wind River Reinvents the Real-Time Operating System for the Internet of Things Windriver.com,</ref> The following lists some of the release 7 updates.<ref name="64bitWBvert"/><ref name="star"/><ref name = "iTERS"/><ref name="joab1"/> More information can be found on the Wind Rivers VxWorks website.

  • Modular, componentized architecture using a layered build system with the ability to update each layer of code independently
  • VxWorks microkernel (a full RTOS that can be as small as 20 KB)
  • Security features such as digitally-signed modules (X.509), encryption, password management, ability to add/delete users at runtime
  • SHA-256 hashing algorithm as the default password hashing algorithm
  • Human machine interface with Vector Graphics, and Tilcon user interface (UI)
  • Graphical user interface (GUI): OpenVG stack, Open GL, Tilcon UI, Frame Buffer Driver, EV Dev Interface
  • Updated configuration interfaces for VxWorks Source Build VSB projects and VxWorks Image Projects
  • Single authentication control used for Telnet, SSH, FTP, and rlogin daemons
  • Connectivity with Bluetooth and SocketCAN protocol stacks
  • Inclusion of MIPC File System (MFS) and MIPC Network Device (MND)
  • Networking features with 64-bit support including Wind River MACsec, Wind River's implementation of IEEE 802.1A, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) over L2TP, PPP over virtual local area network (VLAN) and Diameter secure key storage
  • New Wind River Workbench 4 for VxWorks 7 integrated development environment with new system analysis tools
  • Wind River Diab Compiler 5.9.4; Wind River GNU Compiler 4.8; Intel C++ Compiler 14 and Intel Integrated Performance Primitives (IPP) 8

Hardware supportEdit

VxWorks has been ported to a number of platforms. This includes the Intel x86 family (including the Intel Quark SoC),<ref name="quark">Intel Tackles SoC With Quark"' EE Times, October 7, 2013</ref> MIPS, PowerPC (and BAE RAD), Freescale ColdFire, Intel i960, SPARC, Fujitsu FR-V, SH-4 and the closely related family of ARM, StrongARM and xScale CPUs. VxWorks provides a standard board support package (BSP) interface between all its supported hardware and the OS. Wind River's BSP developer kit provides a common application programming interface (API) and a stable environment for real-time operating system development. VxWorks is supported by popular SSL/TLS libraries such as wolfSSL.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Development environmentEdit

As is common in embedded system development, cross-compiling is used with VxWorks. Development is done on a "host" system where an integrated development environment (IDE), including the editor, compiler toolchain, debugger, and emulator can be used. Software is then compiled to run on the "target" system. This allows the developer to work with powerful development tools while targeting more limited hardware. VxWorks uses the following host environments and target hardware architectures:<ref name="ide">Workbench Product Note</ref>

Supported target architectures and processor families

VxWorks supports a range of target architectures including ARM, Intel, Power architecture, RISC-V architecture and more.<ref name=":0" /> For the latest target architecture processors and board support packages, refer to the VxWorks Marketplace<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> or via citation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Eclipse-based Workbench IDE that comes with VxWorks is used to configure, analyze, optimize, and debug a VxWorks-based system under development.<ref>Wind River reinvents the RTOS for the IoT, Business Wire</ref> The Tornado IDE was used for VxWorks 5.x<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and was replaced by the Eclipse-based Workbench IDE for VxWorks 6.x. and later.<ref name="ide"/> Workbench is also the IDE for the Wind River Linux,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On-Chip Debugging,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Wind River Diab Compiler product lines. VxWorks 7 uses Wind River Workbench 4<ref>"VxWorks Gets Re-vamped" Information Technology</ref> which updates to the Eclipse 4 base provides full third party plug-in support and usability improvements.

Wind River Simics<ref>Simics, Wikipedia</ref><ref>Wind River Simics</ref> is a standalone simulation tool compatible with VxWorks. It simulates the full target system (hardware and software) to create a shared platform for software development. Multiple developers can share a complete virtual system and its entire state, including execution history. Simics enables early and continuous system integration and faster prototyping by utilizing virtual prototypes instead of physical prototypes.<ref>Accelerate Software Development with Wind River Simics, Intel webpage</ref>

Notable usesEdit

File:Mars 'Curiosity' Rover, Spacecraft Assembly Facility, Pasadena, California (2011).jpg
The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover uses VxWorks.
File:ASIMO 4.28.11.jpg
The ASIMO Robot uses VxWorks.
File:AW Project Zero 2013.png
AgustaWestland Project Zero uses VxWorks.
File:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.jpg
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter uses VxWorks.
File:Clementine lunar.jpg
The Clementine spacecraft used VxWorks.

VxWorks is used by products across a wide range of market areas: aerospace and defense, automotive, industrial such as robots, consumer electronics, medical area and networking.<ref name="iTERS"/> Several notable products also use VxWorks as the onboard operating system.<ref>VxWorks customer list</ref>

Aerospace and defenseEdit

Spacecraft
  • The Mars 2020 rover<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Aircraft

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Space telescopes
Others

AutomotiveEdit

  • Toshiba TMPV75 Series image recognition SoCs for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)<ref>Wind River: Toshiba is using Simics to develop automotive application software, Embedded Control Europe</ref>
  • Bosch Motor Sports race car telemetry system<ref>Wind River Helps Bosch Motorsport Race For The Win, Globe and Mail</ref>
  • Hyundai Mobis IVI system<ref>Hyundia Template:Webarchive works with Wind River, Telematics News</ref>
  • Magneti Marelli's telemetry logger and GENIVI-compliant infotainment system<ref>Magneti Marell "i Motorsport Chooses Wind River VxWorks for Formula One Race Cars"</ref>
  • BMW iDrive 2.0 (2003-2008)<ref name="mars"/>
  • Siemens VDO automotive navigation systems<ref>The Network on Wheels -- Java Developers, Start Your Programming Engines!, Oracle</ref>
  • Most of Renault Trucks T, K and C trucks' electronic control units.
  • European Volkswagen RNS 510 navigation systems

Consumer electronicsEdit

  • TPLink RE190 Wireless repeater
  • Apple Airport Extreme<ref name="mars"/>
  • AMX NetLinx Controllers (NI-xx00/x00)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Brother printers
  • Drobo data storage robot<ref>Drobo In depth review, Automated Home</ref>
  • Honda robot ASIMO<ref>Honda Robots Asimo, Robotics Technology Simplified</ref>
  • Linksys WRT54G wireless routers (versions 5.0 and later)<ref name="mars"/>
  • MacroSystem Casablanca-2 digital video editor (Avio, Kron, Prestige, Claro, Renommee, Solitaire)
  • Motorola's DCT2500 interactive digital set-top box<ref>Motorola's DCT2500 Core Interactive Digital Set-Tops Deployed With Wind River Software, BrightRoll news webpage</ref>
  • Mobile Technika MobbyTalk and MobbyTalk253 phones<ref>

As a Case Study of WindRiver: introduce MobbyTalk/MobbyTalk253, Mobile Technika</ref>

  • ReplayTV home digital video recorder<ref>MythTv on ReplayTv hardware?, Don Ritter</ref>

IndustrialEdit

Industrial robots
  • ABB industrial robots<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Test and Measurement

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Hexagon Metrology GLOBAL Silver coordinate measuring machine (CMM)<ref>Hexagon Metrology Standardizes on Wind River’s VxWorks for Next-Generation Metrology Equipment, Bloomberg.com</ref>
Transportation
  • FITSCO Automatic Train Protection (ATP)system<ref>Leading Chinese Transportation Company Relies on Wind River to Meet Stringent Safety Certification Goal, On-line Wall Street Journal</ref>
  • Bombardier HMI410 Train Information System<ref>Bombardier Transportation Selects Wind River Platforms for Safety Critical Certified Display on London Underground, Online UK [1]Reuters</ref>
Controllers
  • Bachmann M1 Controller System<ref>Wind Power Automation Leader Bachmann Relies On Wind River VxWorks For Next-Generation Controller System, Globe and mail</ref>
  • Invensys Foxboro PAC System<ref>Invensys acquisition: “Now, it is up to how well we execute.”, The Instrument Readout SignPost</ref>
  • National Instruments CompactRIO 901x, 902x 907x controllers<ref>National Instruments Support Page</ref>
  • Emerson distributed control system controllers
  • AMX controls system devices
  • The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS)<ref>EPICS base Release 3.14 Installation Instructions</ref>
  • Bosch Rexroth Industrial Tightening Control Systems<ref>Bosch Rexroth YouTube video</ref>
  • MCE iBox elevator controller<ref>iBox user guide Page 8-41</ref>
  • Rockwell Automation PLCs - ControlLogix, CompactLogix, Assorted Communication Cards, and Servo Drives
  • Schneider Electric Industrial Controller
  • B&R Automation Runtime
Storage systems
Imaging
Others
  • GrandMA Full-Size and Light Console by MA Lighting<ref>GrandMA Full-Size Data Sheet</ref>

MedicalEdit

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Networking and communication infrastructureEdit

  • Arkoon Network Security appliances<ref>Arkoon selects Wind River for nextgen equipment</ref>
  • Ubee Interactive's AirWalk EdgePoint<ref>Ubee-Airwalk uses Wind River's VxWorks in femotcell, Telecompaper</ref>
  • Kontron's ACTA processor boards<ref>Kontron AG e-newswire</ref>
  • QQTechnologies's QQSG<ref>QQTechnologies goes Global with VxWorks, Datsheets 360</ref>
  • A significant portion of Huawei's telecoms equipment uses VxWorks<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
  • BroadLight’s GPON/PON products<ref>Broadlight Client page</ref>
  • Shiron Satellite Communications’ InterSKY
  • Sky Pilot's SkyGateway, SkyExtender and SkyControl<ref>Sky Pilot Command Line Interface Reference document</ref>
  • EtherRaptor-1010 by Raptor Network Technology<ref>Wind River delivers Raptor with VxWorks Platform, ETT Asia news</ref>
  • CPG-3000 and CPX-5000 routers from Siemens<ref>Siemens deploys 2.5G Wireless Data Platform, 3G Newsletter</ref>
  • Nokia Solutions and Networks FlexiPacket series microwave engineering product<ref>FlexiPacket Release Note</ref>
  • Acme Packet Net-Net series of Session Border Controllers<ref>Oracle acme support page</ref>
  • Alcatel-Lucent IP Touch 40x8 IP Deskphones
  • Avaya ERS 8600<ref>Avaya ERS 8600 Wikipedia</ref>
  • Avaya IP400 Office
  • Cisco CSS platform
  • Cisco ONS platform
  • Ciena Common Photonic Layer
  • Dell PowerConnect switches that are 'powered by' Broadcom, except latest PCT8100 which runs on Linux platform<ref>Dell PowerConnect, Wikipedia page</ref>
  • Ericsson SmartEdge routers (SEOS 11 run NetBSD 3.0 and VxWorks for Broadcom BCM1480 version 5.5.1 kernel version 2.6)<ref>Routing Protocol Operations Guide for SmartEdge</ref>
  • Hewlett Packard HP 9000 Superdome Guardian Service Processor
  • Hirschmann EAGLE20 Industrial Firewall<ref>Enhanced Security for Industrial Networks, Belden webpage</ref>
  • HughesNet/Direcway satellite internet modems
  • Mitel Networks' MiVoice Business (formerly Mitel Communications Director (MCD)), 3300 ICP Media Gateways and SX-200 and SX-200 ICP<ref>VoIP Security webpage</ref>
  • Motorola Solutions MCD5000 IP Deskset System
  • Motorola SB5100 cable modem
  • Motorola Cable Headend Equipment including SEM, NC, OM and other lines
  • Nortel CS1000 PBX (formerly Nortel Meridian 1 (Option 11C, Option 61C, Option 81C)
  • Nortel Passport<ref>Multiservice Switch, Wikipedia</ref>
  • Radware OnDemand Switches<ref>Knowledge Base, Radware webpage</ref>
  • Samsung DCS and OfficeServ series PBX<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • SonicWALL firewalls<ref>Tim's IT-Blob: A deeper look on SonicWALL kernel</ref>
  • Thuraya SO-2510 satellite phone and ThurayaModule<ref>Thuraya SO-2510 Satellite</ref>
  • Radvision 3G communications equipment<ref>SANYO Multimedia Tottori Chooses RADVISION SIP Developer Toolkit to Build New IP Phone, Business Wire</ref>
  • 3com NBX phone systems<ref>3Com NBX Phone Systems, AdCom Technologies Inc.</ref>
  • Zhone Technologies access systems
  • Oracle EAGLE STP system

TCP vulnerability and CVE patchesEdit

As of July 2019, a paper published by Armis<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> exposed 11 critical vulnerabilities, including remote code execution, denial of service, information leaks, and logical flaws impacting more than two billion devices using the VxWorks RTOS.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The vulnerability allows attackers to tunnel into an internal network using the vulnerability and hack into printers, laptops, and any other connected devices. The vulnerability can bypass firewalls as well.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The system is in use by quite a few mission-critical products, many of which could not be easily patched.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Template:Intel software Template:Real-time operating systems

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