Gaffer tape (also known as gaffer's tape, gaff tape or gaffa tape<ref name="career">Template:Citation</ref> as well as spike tape for narrow, colored gaffer tape) is a heavy cotton cloth pressure-sensitive tape with strong adhesive and tensile properties. It is widely used in theatre, photography, film, radio and television production, and industrial staging work.
While sometimes confused with duct tape, gaffer tape differs in the composition of both the backing, which is made from fabric as opposed to vinyl or other plastics, and the adhesive, which is more resistant to heat and more easily removed without damaging the surface to which it adhered.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
HistoryEdit
The precise origin of the name is unknown, one hypothesis being that it is named for the gaffer (chief lighting technician) on a film crew.<ref name=wisegeek>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> When cables are taped down on a stage or other surface, either to prevent tripping hazards or conceal them from view of the audience or camera,<ref>Template:Citation</ref> they are said to be gaffed or gaffered.<ref name="howgaff">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Gaffer tape was invented in 1959 by Ross Lowell, director, cinematographer, and founder of Lowel-Light.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Lowell reworked Johnson & Johnson's Permacel duct tape product by combining the Permacel adhesive with a silver fabric backing to create gaffer tape which could hold a flat metal plate to a window. <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Properties and usesEdit
Gaffer tape is manufactured in many colors, including fluorescent and custom colors, but perhaps the most common variety is matte black. A matte finish keeps the tape from reflecting light, so that it blends in with a typical stage floor. It is sold in a variety of widths, from Template:Convert to Template:Convert, with Template:Convert and Template:Convert being the most common.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Gaffer tape is strong, yet can be torn by hand, so no cutting tools are necessary, and it can easily be ripped into narrower strips when desired. The synthetic adhesive typically leaves little or no residue and will generally not damage most surfaces when it is removed.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Gaffer tape is usually more expensive than duct tape because it is manufactured in smaller quantities, has more exacting specifications, and is marketed for professional use.
A common application for gaffer tape is securing cables to a stage floor, podium, or other surface, either for safety or concealment.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It is also frequently used whenever a quick ad hoc fix is required, from temporarily attaching fixtures or props, to salvaging a broken piece of production equipment. A narrow version of gaffer tape, called spike tape, is used in theater productions for floor layout.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=prosoundweb>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In the absence of console tape or artist tape, live sound engineers or light board operators may use a strip of white gaffer tape along the bottom of a mixing board to label the channels or submasters used for a particular show.<ref name=wisegeek />
In rock climbing gyms, gaffer tape can be used to mark climbs on the wall. It is preferable to duct tape because it is stronger and lasts longer on the wall.