Democratic National Committee

Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox organization The Democratic National Committee (DNC) is the principal executive leadership board of the United States's Democratic Party. According to the party charter, it has "general responsibility for the affairs of the Democratic Party between National Conventions",<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and particularly coordinates strategy to support Democratic Party candidates throughout the country for local, state, and national office, as well as works to establish a "party brand" and to formulate the party platform.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> While it provides support for party candidates, it does not have direct authority over elected officials.<ref name="DNC organization">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The DNC was established on May 26, 1848, at that year's Democratic National Convention.<ref name="party1848">Party History. Retrieved February 17, 2007. Template:Webarchive</ref><ref name=DC-18480531>Template:Cite news</ref> The DNC's main counterpart is the Republican National Committee.

Role

The DNC is responsible for articulating and promoting the Democratic platform and coordinating party organizational activity. In particular, it organizes and calls for the Democratic National Convention held every four years to nominate candidates for President and Vice President of the United States, and is subsequently responsible for the Presidential campaign. The DNC is more focused on campaign and organizational strategy than public policy. According to Boris Heersink, "political scientists have traditionally described the parties' national committees as inconsequential but impartial service providers."<ref>Boris Heersink, "Trump and the party-in-organization: Presidential control of national party organizations." Journal of Politics 80.4 (2018): 1474-1482.</ref><ref>Cornelius P. Cotter and Bernard C. Hennessy, eds. Politics without Power: The National Party Committees (2009) excerpt Template:Webarchive</ref>

In presidential elections, it supervises the national convention and, both independently and in coordination with the presidential candidate, raises funds, commissions polls, and coordinates campaign strategy.<ref name="DNC organization" /> Following the selection of a party nominee, the public funding laws permit the national party to coordinate certain expenditures with the nominee, but additional funds are spent on general, party-building activities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There are state committees in every state, as well as local committees in most cities, wards, and towns (and, in most states, counties).

When the president is a Democrat, the party generally works closely with the president and the White House largely controls the committee.

Membership and organization

The DNC is headed by a chairperson, five vice chairpersons, a treasurer, a secretary, and a national finance chair, who are all elected by vote of members of the Democratic National Committee itself.<ref name="charter">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp

According to its charter,<ref name=":1" /> the committee is further composed of:

1. two representatives (including the chairperson) of each state committee or US territory
2. 200 additional members apportioned to the states according to their population size (minimum two per state), elected either on the ballot by primary voters or by the state committee or caucus
3. two additional members per US territory, selected by their Democratic parties
4. the Democratic leaders in the US Senate and House of Representatives
5. three Democratic governors (including the chairperson of the Democratic Governors Association), mayors (including the chairperson of the Democratic Mayors Association), county officials (including the chairperson of the National Democratic County Officials), state legislators (including the chairperson of the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee), and municipal officials (including the chairperson of the Democratic Municipal Officials), respectively
6. three representatives (including the presidents) of the Young Democrats of America and the National Federation of Democratic Women, respectively
7. two representatives (including the chairpersons) of the College Democrats, the Democratic State Treasurers Association, the Democratic Lieutenant Governors Association, the Democratic Association of Secretaries of State, the Democratic Attorneys General Association, the National Democratic Ethnic Coordinating Committee, the National Democratic Seniors Coordinating Council, and the High School Democrats of America, respectively
8. eight representatives of the Democrats Abroad (including the chairperson), who each have half a vote
9. up to 75 additional members elected by the committee.

File:Chicago delegation to the January 8, 1912 meeting of the Democratic National Committee.jpg

Chicago delegation to the January 8, 1912 Democratic National Committee

All DNC members are superdelegates to the Democratic National Convention, and their role can affect the outcome over a close primary race only if no candidate receives a majority of pledged delegates.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> These delegates, officially described as "unpledged party leader and elected official delegates," fall into three categories based on other positions they hold:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• elected members of the Democratic National Committee,
• sitting Democratic governors and members of Congress, and
• distinguished party leaders, consisting of current and former presidents, vice presidents, congressional leaders, and DNC chairs, are all superdelegates for life.

The DNC establishes rules for the caucuses and primaries which choose delegates to the Democratic National Convention, but the caucuses and primaries themselves are most often run not by the DNC but instead by each individual state. Primary elections, in particular, are conducted by state governments according to their own laws. Political parties can choose whether to participate and accept the results of a state's primary election.<ref name="poljan6">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

An internal organization, the Association of State Democratic Chairs (ASDC), convenes the state and territorial party chairs and vice chairs.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The president of the ASDC serves concurrently as a vice chair of the DNC. Jane Kleeb, chair of the Nebraska Democratic Party since 2016, was elected in 2025 as president of the ASDC, succeeding Ken Martin who had served as president since 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The ASDC is assisted by the Association of State Democratic Executive Directors (ASDED), headed by Brad Martin (executive director of the Democratic Party of Oregon) since 2017.

The DNC convenes at least once a year. An Executive Committee of roughly 65 members determined by the DNC is responsible for the affairs of the party and meets at least quarterly.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In addition, a National Advisory Board exists for purposes of fundraising and advising the executive. The present chair is Elizabeth Frawley Bagley, U.S. Ambassador to Brazil.

Current leadership

Ken Martin, former chair of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party, was elected chair in the 2025 chairmanship election on February 1, 2025.<ref name="guardian-2125">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Image	Name	Position
File:20201024 km 125 (cropped).jpg	Ken Martin	Chair
	Reyna Walters-Morgan	Vice Chair, Civic Engagement and Voter Participation
	Artie Blanco	Vice Chair
File:Malcolm Kenyatta - Gov. Wolf Highlights $2.5 Million Capital Investment for Philadelphia LGBT Community Center Renovations - 52532446260 (cropped).jpg	Malcolm Kenyatta
File:David Hogg at the White House.jpg	David Hogg
File:Jane Kleeb.jpg	Jane Kleeb	Vice Chair, ASDC President
	Chris Korge	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:Virginia McGregor.jpg	Virginia McGregor	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
File:Jason Rae (34150912646) (cropped).jpg	Jason Rae	Secretary<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Furthermore, the following non-voting officers execute administrative tasks within the DNC:

• Executive Director: Roger Lau, former campaign manager for Elizabeth Warren for President<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Political Director: Alana Mounce, former executive director of the Nevada State Democratic Party
• Chief of Staff: Anatole Jenkins, former national organizing director for Kamala Harris For The People

List of DNC leaders

Chairs

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Deputy chairs

This is an inactive position.

The deputy chair of the Democratic National Committee was re-established by Tom Perez in February 2017 after his win in the 2017 DNC Chair race.

After a close victory over Minnesota Congressman Keith Ellison, Perez appointed Ellison as deputy chair in an attempt to lessen the divide in the Democratic Party after the contentious 2016 Democratic presidential primaries, which saw conflicts between supporters of Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Perez was seen as being more in line with the Clinton wing, while Ellison was more in line with the Sanders wing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The role's revival in 2017 has been described by critics as largely titular and ceremonial.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On November 8, 2018, Ellison resigned from the position due to his win in the Minnesota Attorney General election.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The position remains unoccupied.

Officeholder		Term	State
Evan Dobelle	Evan Dobelle<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	1980–1981	Massachusetts
Alexis Herman	Alexis Herman<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	1989–1992	Alabama
	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=Wensits20030808>Template:Cite news</ref>	2003–2005	Maryland
Mike Honda	Mike Honda	2003–2005	California
Susan Turnbull	Susan Turnbull	2003–2005	Maryland
Keith Ellison	Keith Ellison	2017–2018<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	Minnesota

Treasurers

List of Democratic National Committee treasurers

Officeholder		Term	State
Charles J. Canda	Template:Sortname<ref name=NR-18860121>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=BEN-18940206>Template:Cite news</ref>	1875–1892	New York
Robert B. Roosevelt	Template:Sortname<ref name=NYT-18920702>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=DIO-18960523>Template:Cite news</ref>	1892–1896	New York
William P. St. Cloud	Template:Sortname<ref name=PI-18960726>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=CS-18970218>Template:Cite news</ref>	1896–1897	New York
James L. Norris	Template:Sortname<ref name=ES-19100305>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=NYT-19000408>Template:Cite news</ref>	1897–1900	District of Columbia
Millard Fillmore Dunlap	Template:Sortname<ref name=NYT-19000408 /><ref name=IJ-19040514>Template:Cite news</ref>	1900–1904	Illinois
George Foster Peabody	Template:Sortname<ref name=BS-19040804>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=MDT-19060527>Template:Cite news</ref>	1904–1906	New York
August Belmont	Template:Sortname<ref name=ES-19060312>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=EC-19080119>Template:Cite news</ref>	1906–1908
	Template:Sortname<ref name=EC-19080119 />	1908	Indiana
Charles N. Haskell	Template:Sortname<ref name=ES-19080726>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=STJ19080927>Template:Cite news</ref>	1908	Oklahoma
Herman Ridder	Template:Sortname<ref name=STJ19080927 /><ref name=BS-19120805>Template:Cite news</ref>	1908–1912	New York
Rolla Wells	Template:Sortname<ref name=LH-19120807>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=WE-19160602>Template:Cite news</ref>	1912–1916	Missouri
Wilbur W. Marsh, c. 1916–1920	Template:Sortname<ref name=EI-19160618>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=WBTL-19240407>Template:Cite news</ref>	1916–1924	Iowa
James W. Gerard	Template:Sortname<ref name=NO-19241021>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Stephenson19320703>Template:Cite news</ref>	1924–1932	New York
Frank C. Walker	Template:Sortname<ref name=NYT-19320801>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=NYT-19340108>Template:Cite news</ref>	1932–1934	New York
Walter J. Cummings	Template:Sortname<ref name=NYT-19340315>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=BEN-19370421>Template:Cite news</ref>	1934–1936	Illinois
W. Forbes Morgan	Template:Sortname<ref name=BEN-19370421 />	1936–1937	New Hampshire
	Template:Sortname<ref name=SR-19371015>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=NYT-19410105>Template:Cite news</ref>	1937–1941	District of Columbia
	Template:Sortname<ref name=NYT-19410105 /><ref name=Childress19421004>Template:Cite news</ref>	1941–1942	North Carolina
	Template:Sortname<ref name=ST-19421205>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=DN-19450428>Template:Cite news</ref>	1942–1945	California
George Killion	Template:Sortname<ref name=ST-19450504>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=NYT-19470813>Template:Cite news</ref>	1945–1947	California
	Template:Sortname<ref name=WH-19480701>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=CN-19490124>Template:Cite news</ref>	1948–1949	North Carolina
	Template:Sortname (acting)<ref name=NYT-19490128>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Dleming19520904>Template:Cite news</ref>	1949–1950	Washington
	Template:Sortname<ref name=Dleming19520904 /><ref name=NYT-19511017>Template:Cite news</ref>	1950–1951	Missouri
Roy J. Turner	Template:Sortname<ref name=NYT-19511214>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=PI-19520124>Template:Cite news</ref>	1951–1952	Oklahoma
	Dwight R. G. Palmer<ref name=Fleming19520904>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=ES-19530526>Template:Cite news</ref>	1952–1953	New York
Stanley Woodward	Template:Sortname<ref name=SPN-19531213>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=SR-19550108>Template:Cite news</ref>	1953–1955	Virginia
Matthew McCloskey	Template:Sortname<ref name=PG-19550120>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=NYT-19620406>Template:Cite news</ref>	1955–1962	Pennsylvania
	Template:Sortname<ref name=AllenScott19620830>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=EP-19651221>Template:Cite news</ref>	1962–1965	Indiana
	Template:Sortname (acting)<ref name=EP-19651221 /><ref name=Bartlett19660909>Template:Cite news</ref>	1965–1966	District of Columbia
	Template:Sortname (acting)<ref name=CRG-19670810>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=SP-19680908>Template:Cite news</ref>	1966–1968	Oklahoma
Robert E. Short	Template:Sortname (acting)<ref name=Gerstel19680831>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Broder19690313>Template:Cite news</ref>	1968–1969	Minnesota
	Template:Sortname (acting)<ref name=Broder19690313 /><ref name=CN-19700306>Template:Cite news</ref>	1969–1970	Minnesota
Robert S. Strauss	Template:Sortname<ref name=CN-19700306 /><ref name=SDN-19720629>Template:Cite news</ref>	1970–1972	Texas
	Template:Sortname<ref name=Knap19720726>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=DN>Template:Cite news</ref>	1972
	Template:Sortname<ref name=DN/><ref name=HSB-19721127>Template:Cite news</ref>	1972	New York
C. Peter McColough	Template:Sortname<ref name=Behr19730106>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=SFE-19740908>Template:Cite news</ref>	1973–1974	New York
Edward Bennett Williams	Template:Sortname<ref name=Broder19741019>Template:Cite news</ref>	1974–1977	District of Columbia
	Template:Sortname<ref name=SPDJ-19770121>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=RTD-19780224>Template:Cite news</ref>	1977–1978	North Carolina
Evan Dobelle	Template:Sortname<ref name=BE-19780605>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Koza19790305>Template:Cite news</ref>	1978–1979	Massachusetts
	Template:Sortname<ref name=TA-19790529>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Waters19810228>Template:Cite news</ref>	1979–1981	Connecticut
	Template:Sortname<ref name=Waters19810228 /><ref name=PS-19830221>Template:Cite news</ref>	1981–1983	Missouri
Paul G. Kirk	Template:Sortname<ref name=Gailey19831222>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Waldman19850202>Template:Cite news</ref>	1983–1985	Massachusetts
Sharon Pratt Dixon	Template:Sortname<ref name=Waldman19850202 /><ref name=VA-19890107>Template:Cite news</ref>	1985–1989	District of Columbia
	Template:Sortname<ref name=Rothberg19890211>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=McQueen19913108>Template:Cite news</ref>	1989–1991
Robert T. Matsui	Template:Sortname<ref name=SLPD-19910908>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Sample19950518>Template:Cite news</ref>	1991–1995	California
	R. Scott Pastrick<ref name=T-19950902>Template:Cite news</ref>	1995–1997	Maryland
	Template:Sortname<ref name=Kranish19970309>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=D-19990128>Template:Cite news</ref>	1997–1999
Andrew Tobias	Template:Sortname<ref name=D-19990128 />	1999–2017
	Template:Sortname<ref name=Debenedetti20170225>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=Derrough20211127>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2017–2021	New York
Virginia McGregor	Template:Sortname<ref name=Fearson>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2021–present	Pennsylvania

History

The DNC has existed since 1848.<ref name=cyclopedia-committees-party>Template:Cite book</ref> During the 1848 Democratic National Convention, a resolution was passed creating the Democratic National Committee, composed of thirty members, one person per state, chosen by the states' delegations, and chaired by Benjamin F. Hallett.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In order to strengthen the national party organization, Franklin Roosevelt proposed in 1925 that the DNC should open a permanent headquarters in order to function "every day in every year" and exist on a "business-like financial basis." In 1929, John Raskob led the creation of the first permanent national headquarters for the DNC in Washington, DC.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Watergate

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In the 1970s, the DNC had its head office, located in the Watergate complex at the time, burglarized by entities working for Richard Nixon's administration during the Watergate scandal.

Chinagate

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Chinagate was an alleged effort by the People's Republic of China to influence domestic American politics prior to and during the Clinton administration.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2002, the Federal Election Commission fined the Democratic National Committee $115,000 for its part in fundraising violations in 1996.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Cyber attacks

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:DNC Chair Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz speaks to College Democrats.jpg

Debbie Wasserman Schultz served as DNC chair from 2011 to 2016.

Cyber attacks and hacks were claimed by or attributed to various individual and groups such as:

• According to committee officials and security experts, two competing Russian intelligence services were discovered on DNC computer networks. One intelligence service achieved infiltration beginning in the summer of 2015 and the other service breached and roamed the network beginning in April 2016. The two groups accessed emails, chats, and research on an opposing presidential candidate. They were expelled from the DNC system in June 2016.<ref name="nakash">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="sanger-cora">Template:Cite news</ref>

• The hacker Guccifer 2.0 claimed that he hacked into the Democratic National Committee computer network and then leaked its emails to the newspaper The Hill.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During a CNN interview with Jake Tapper, Hillary Clinton's campaign manager, Robby Mook, cited experts saying that the DNC emails were leaked by the Russians but did not name the experts.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> The press and cybersecurity firms discredited the Guccifer 2.0 claim, as investigators now believe Guccifer 2.0 was an agent of the G.R.U., Russia's military intelligence service.<ref name="nakash" /><ref name="sanger-cora" /><ref name="alperovitch">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

2016 email leak

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also On July 22, 2016, WikiLeaks released approximately 20,000 DNC emails.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Critics claimed that the Committee unequally favored Hillary Clinton and acted in support of her nomination while opposing the candidacy of her primary challenger Bernie Sanders. Donna Brazile corroborated these allegations in an excerpt of her book published by Politico in November 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The leaked emails spanned sixteen months, terminating in May 2016.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite news</ref>

The WikiLeaks releases led to the resignations of Chairperson Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Communications Director Luis Miranda, Chief Financial Officer Brad Marshall and Chief Executive Amy Dacey.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After she resigned, Wasserman Schultz put out a statement about possible FBI assistance in investigating the hacking and leaks, saying that "the DNC was never contacted by the FBI or any other agency concerned about these intrusions."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During a Senate hearing in January 2017, James Comey testified that the FBI requested access to the DNC's servers, but its request was denied. He also testified that old versions of the Republican National Committee's servers were breached, but then-current databases were unaffected.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The DNC subsequently filed a lawsuit in federal court against WikiLeaks and others alleging a conspiracy to influence the election.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

See also

• Green National Committee
• Libertarian National Committee
• Republican National Committee
• Information published by WikiLeaks

References

<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Reflist

Further reading

• Cotter, Cornelius P., and Bernard C. Hennessy, eds. Politics without Power: The National Party Committees (1964) Template:ISBN
• Galvin, Daniel J. “The Transformation of Political Institutions: Investments in Institutional Resources and Gradual Change in the National Party Committees,” Studies in American Political Development 26.1 (April 2012): 50–70; {{#invoke:doi|main}}. {{#if:0898-588X|Template:Catalog lookup link{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|Template:Error-small}}.
• Goldman, Ralph M. The National party Chairmen and Committees: Factionalism at the Top (M.E. Sharpe, 1990)
• Heersink, Boris (2023). National Party Organizations and Party Brands in American Politics: The Democratic and Republican National Committees, 1912-2016. Oxford University Press. {{#invoke:doi|main}}. Template:ISBN.
• Heersink, Boris. "Examining Democratic and Republican National Committee Party Branding Activity, 1953–2012." Perspectives on Politics (2021): 1–18. {{#invoke:doi|main}}.
• Heersink, Boris. "Trump and the party-in-organization: Presidential control of national party organizations." Journal of Politics 80.4 (2018): 1474–1482. {{#invoke:doi|main}}.
• Heersink, Boris. "Party Brands and the Democratic and Republican National Committees, 1952–1976." Studies in American Political Development 32.1 (2018): 79–102. {{#invoke:doi|main}}.
• Hejny, Jessica, and Adam Hilton. "Bringing contention in: a critical perspective on political parties as institutions." Studies in Political Economy 102.2 (2021): 161–181. {{#invoke:doi|main}}.
• Herrnson, Paul S. “The Evolution of National Party Organizations,” in The Oxford Handbook of American Political Parties and Interest Groups, edited by L. Sandy Maisel and Jeffrey M. Berry. (Oxford University Press, 2010) pp. 245–264. {{#invoke:doi|main}}. Template:ISBN.
• Klinkner, Philip A. The Losing Parties: Out-Party National Committees, 1956-1993 (Yale University Press, 1994)
• Pavlov, Eugene, and Natalie Mizik. "Brand Political Positioning: Implications of the 2016 US Presidential Election." (2020) Template:SSRN.

External links

• Template:Official website
• The Charter & The Bylaws of the Democratic Party of the United States Template:Webarchive (PDF) as amended by the DNC; August 25, 2018
• Democratic National Committee – 2016 (members)