Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:For {{safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst-infobox||$params=italic_title,name,type,longtype,artist,cover,border,alt,caption,released,recorded,venue,studio,genre,length,language,label,director,producer,compiler,chronology,prev_title,prev_year,year,next_title,next_year,misc|$extra=italic_title,longtype,border,caption,language,director,compiler,chronology,year,misc|$aliases=italic title>italic_title,Italic title>italic_title,Name>name,Type>type,image>cover,Cover>cover,Border>border,Alt>alt,Caption>caption,Longtype>longtype,Artist>artist,Released>released,Recorded>recorded,Venue>venue,Studio>studio,Genre>genre,Length>length,Language>language,Label>label,Director>director,Producer>producer,Compiler>compiler,Chronology>chronology,Misc>misc|$flags=override|$B={{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Is infobox in lead|main|[Ii]nfobox [Aa]lbum}}|true|{{#if:Template:Has short description | |Template:Short description|noreplace}}}}{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Category handlerTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox album with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|italic_title |type |name |image |cover |border |alt |caption |longtype |artist |released |recorded |venue |studio |genre |length |language |label |director |producer |compiler |prev_title|prev_year|next_title|next_year|chronology|year|misc}}{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|error_category=Music infoboxes with Module:String errors|A|1=Cowboys from Hell1990Far Beyond Driven1994studioVulgar Display of PowerPanteraVulgarDisplayofPower.jpgPanteraTemplate:Start date1991Pantego Sound (Pantego, Texas)Groove metal<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:DurationAtcoTerry Date, Vinnie Paulx|2=</?t[drh][ >]|nomatch=}}|Template:Main other}}Template:Main other}}
Vulgar Display of Power is the sixth studio album by American heavy metal band Pantera, released on February 24, 1992, by Atco Records. It was the group's second collaboration with producer Terry Date, after having worked with him on their breakthrough album Cowboys from Hell (1990). Widely regarded as one of the most influential metal albums of the 1990s, it was noted for its aggressive sound, groove-laden riffs, and raw intensity, which helped define the groove metal sub-genre and solidify Pantera's status as a dominant force in heavy music. The album ultimately became the group's mainstream commercial breakthrough, transiting them into a more heavier sound than Metallica's 1991 album.
Containing themes of empowerment, aggression, rebellion and the rejection of norms, the majority of the lyrics contained a relentless amount of intensity and anger, with tracks like "Walk" and "Mouth for War" revolve over personal empowerment and societal oppression. The album also explores a darker side over psychological changes and personal losses.
Following its release, Vulgar Display of Power became the first album to chart in the Billboard 200 albums chart in the United States, peaking at number 44. Two commercial singles were released—"Mouth for War" and "Walk"—both have which charted in the UK singles chart, and three additional promo singles—"This Love", "Hollow and "Fucking Hostile"—further expanded the band's presence on radio airplay and MTV music video premieres. Those songs ultimately become the group's most well-known signature tracks in their discography, involving numerous growing fanbases across the globe and became a catalyst for the evolving 1990s groove metal scene, with themes of thrash and hardcore punk sub-genres.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The album remained on the Billboard 200 chart for the course of 1992 to 1993, making it the longest-charted album in the band's discography. It has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and has sold more than two million copies in the United States. The album received a reissue in 2012, including a lost track that was never heard.
Vulgar Display of Power praised by critics and fans as both its sound and aggressive lyrics. It is often considered one of the most influential heavy metal albums of the 1990s, receiving numerous accolades.<ref name="loudwirebest">Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 2017, Rolling Stone ranked Vulgar Display of Power 10th on their list of "The 100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time". It has also been listed as one of the 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.
BackgroundEdit
The band's 1990 major label debut, Cowboys from Hell,<ref name="metalhammer-dime">Template:Cite magazine</ref> demonstrated a change in their musical direction, from their 1980s material influenced by hard rock and glam metal bands like Van Halen and Kiss<ref name="ambio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="aboutbio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to resembling bands like Slayer, Metallica, and Black Sabbath.<ref name="ambio"/><ref name="amdimebagbio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Recording and productionEdit
In 1991, Pantera returned to Pantego Sound Studio to record, their second release under Atco.<ref name="revolver2010-3">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="panterareleases">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The album was produced by Terry Date, who specializes in the rock and metal genres and had worked with the band on Cowboys from Hell. Date also went on to produce the band's following two albums, Far Beyond Driven (1994) and The Great Southern Trendkill (1996).<ref name="revolver2010-3"/><ref name="panterareleases"/> Before Date came in to work on the album, the band had demoed three tracks, "A New Level", "Regular People (Conceit)" and "No Good (Attack the Radical)".<ref name="revolver2010-3"/> The rest of the songs were written in the studio with little preproduction or demoing.<ref name="revolver2010-3"/>
After being in the studio for two months, Pantera were invited to open for Metallica and AC/DC at the 1991 Monsters of Rock free concert in Moscow's<ref name="revolver2010-3"/> Tushino airfield on September 28, 1991.<ref name="nytimes-moscow">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="1991-moscow">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The band then returned to the studio to continue work on the album.<ref name="revolver2010-4">Template:Cite magazine</ref> They travelled to New York City to have it mastered at Masterdisk.<ref name="revolver2010-7">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Although guitarist Darrell Abbott was credited on the album with nickname "Diamond Darrell", during the recording of the album he had dropped that nickname and assumed "Dimebag Darrell" instead, and bassist Rex Brown dropped the pseudonym "Rexx Rocker".<ref name="revolver2010-6">Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Musical style and lyricsEdit
Drummer Vinnie Paul said that Cowboys from Hell was really close to the "definitive Pantera sound".<ref name="RS-vinnie">Template:Cite magazine</ref> When Metallica released their self titled album in 1991, Pantera considered it a letdown to fans because they believed Metallica abandoned the thrash metal sound heard on previous albums.<ref name="revolver2010-3"/><ref name="RS-vinnie"/> In turn Pantera felt they had an opportunity to fill a gap; they set out to make the heaviest record of all time.<ref name="revolver2010-3"/><ref name="RS-vinnie"/>
Darrell had played the riff for "Walk" during a soundcheck while Pantera was touring for Cowboys from Hell and the rest of the band loved it.<ref name="spin-walk">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Following this tour, the band returned home and found that some friends thought that rock stardom had gone to their heads.<ref name="spin-walk"/> The lyrics for the song were inspired from these people's attitude toward the band; Anselmo's message to them was, "Take your fucking attitude and take a fuckin' walk with that. Keep that shit away from me."<ref name="spin-walk"/>
Title and artworkEdit
The title of the album is taken from a line in the 1973 film The Exorcist.<ref name="revolver2010-7"/><ref name="vulgar20">Template:Cite magazine</ref> (Priest: "If you're the Devil, why not make the straps disappear?". Girl: "That's much too vulgar a display of power, Karras.")<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In April 2007, the title was used for the book A Vulgar Display of Power: Courage and Carnage at the Alrosa Villa, which includes many Pantera song titles as chapter headings. The book details the incidents leading up to the murder of Dimebag Darrell in 2004.<ref name="murderbook">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name = "googlebook">Template:Cite book</ref>
The album's cover depicts a man being punched in the face and was shot by photographer Brad Guice, who also shot the cover photo for Cowboys from Hell;<ref name="revolver2010-7"/> Dimebag Darrell originally came up with the idea while playing around with a photocopier, and moving a photo around on the bed of the photocopier as the lamp was moving to get a distorted, smeared look of the face on the photo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The band told their label that they wanted "something vulgar, like a dude getting punched".<ref name="revolver2010-7"/> The first version of the cover that the label brought to the band showed a boxer with a boxing glove, but the band did not like it, so the label produced a second version, with the bare fist.<ref name="revolver2010-7"/> A popular rumor stirred up by Vinnie Paul was that the man on the cover was paid $10 a punch and was hit in the face a total of 31<ref>Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref> (Rex Brown claiming 32)<ref>Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref> times to get the right picture.<ref name="revolver2010-7"/> However, Guice dispelled this when he confirmed that the man, a hired model named Sean Cross, was never actually hit.<ref name="revolver2010-7"/>
ReleaseEdit
Vulgar Display of Power was first released on February 24, 1992 in the UK<ref name="UKRelease"/> and one day thereafter in worldwide retail.<ref name="panterareleases"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The original album spawned two singles: "Mouth for War" and "Walk", along with a number of EPs featuring remixes of the song, alongside three additional promo singles, "This Love", "Hollow" and "Fucking Hostile". To further promote the album, the Walk EP was released in a handful of European countries, Australia and Japan.<ref name="Walk"/> On May 15, 2012, the EP was released digitally worldwide to concede with the 20th anniversary reissue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The band also released music videos for "Mouth for War", "This Love" and "Walk", which were included on Vulgar Video and 3 Vulgar Videos from Hell. The music video for "Walk" was shot at the Riviera Theatre in Chicago, where the band played the song multiple times to capture live video footage in front of fans.<ref name="spin-walk"/>
On April 12, 2012, the before unheard song "Piss" was released,<ref name="panteraindex">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="piss">Template:Cite magazine</ref> which was recorded during the sessions for the album but never featured on the original album.<ref name="piss"/> Drummer Vinnie Paul had re-discovered the song while looking through old Pantera recordings.<ref name="20thloudwire" /> The music video for "Piss" debuted at the Revolver Golden Gods Awards, on April 11, 2012.<ref name="piss"/> The main riff from "Piss" was used in the song "Use My Third Arm" on the band's following record Far Beyond Driven.<ref name="loudwirephil">Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Tour and media appearancesEdit
To promote the album, Pantera toured with Skid Row and Soundgarden giving them the opportunity to perform in front of a mainstream audience in the United States.<ref name="revolver2010-8">Template:Cite magazine</ref> After touring with Skid Row the band did a European tour with Megadeth.<ref name="revolver2010-9">Template:Cite magazine</ref> The band also toured with White Zombie in 1992.<ref name="revolver2010-9"/> The unique sound and the band's explosive live performances helped them gain more popularity.<ref name="yahoo-bio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The music videos for singles from the album were played in relatively heavy rotation on MTV.<ref name="yahoo-bio"/> Also during the 1990s, MTV's Headbangers Ball used excerpts from the album's songs for the show's opening theme, bumpers, and closing theme.<ref name="rhinovdop">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> "Walk" and "Mouth for War" were available as downloadable tracks for the video game Rock Band 3.<ref name="rb3walk">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="rb3mouthforwar">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> "Walk" was also featured on Madden NFL 10, CSI: NY and Monday Night Football.<ref name="spin-walk"/><ref name="madden10">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
"By Demons Be Driven" appears in the 2015 Academy Award-nominated film The Big Short; actor Christian Bale is seen performing along to the song on drums, which he learned for that one scene.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
20th anniversary reissueEdit
On May 15, 2012, a two-disc deluxe edition of Vulgar Display of Power was released to celebrate its 20th anniversary.<ref name="20thloudwire">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Disc one is a remastered version of the original album along with the song "Piss".<ref name="20thloudwire"/> Disc two is a DVD featuring six songs from Pantera's set at their 1992 Monsters of Rock performance in Reggio Emilia, Italy.<ref name="20thloudwire"/> Disc two also contains the three music videos for "Mouth for War", "Walk" and "This Love".<ref name="20thloudwire"/> Vinnie Paul said that "Piss" was "the only undiscovered complete Pantera track there ever was" and it would appear on the 20th anniversary release.<ref name="vinniepiss">Template:Cite magazine</ref> He also said that at the time of the original release, the band thought that it didn't feel right to go on the record.<ref name="vinniepiss"/>
Critical receptionEdit
Vulgar Display of Power received critical acclaim upon release. Many critics have praised Darrell's guitar work on the album and use of heavy riffs to set the tone for the album.<ref name="AM">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ew">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="bostonphoenix">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="exclaim">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Reviewers also pointed out the change in Anselmo's vocals from previous releases, with him using deeper growls and powerful vocals to accompany the catchy riffs and aggressive lyrics.<ref name="AM"/><ref name="bostonphoenix"/><ref name="exclaim"/>
Kerrang! and Sputnikmusic both gave the album a 4 out of 5.<ref name="kerrang">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="sputnik">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Steve Huey of AllMusic rated the album 4.5 out of 5 stars, describing it as "One of the most influential heavy metal albums of the 1990s".<ref name="AM"/> He also said that while the album stacks the best songs at the beginning, the riffs and sonic textures are more consistently interesting than those used in Cowboys from Hell.<ref name="AM"/> Janiss Garza writing for Entertainment Weekly said that it was "one of the most satisfying heavy metal records since Metallica's early-80s cult days".<ref name="ew"/> She also praised the album's two ballad tracks, "This Love" and "Hollow", stating "their tough edge slashes painfully through deep introspection about personal relationships".<ref name="ew"/>
Reviewing the 20th anniversary reissue, Michael Christopher of The Phoenix rated the album 3.5 out of 4 stars stating, while the bonus track "Piss" does not match up to the rest of the material, the groove that flows through the original record is the muscle behind what mattered most.<ref name="bostonphoenix"/> Denise Falzon of Exclaim! stated that the reissue sounds a little cleaner from the enhanced production quality.<ref name="exclaim"/> She noted that "Piss" does sound oddly out of place on the reissue, but the release is worthwhile for the DVD showcasing the band's dynamic live performance.<ref name="exclaim"/> In 2005, Vulgar Display of Power was ranked number 333 in Rock Hard magazine's book The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Commercial performanceEdit
Vulgar Display of Power debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200.<ref name="billboard">Template:Cite magazine</ref> It was the longest-charting album in the band's discography, charting for 78 consecutive weeks at that time.<ref name="billboard"/> On February 9, 1993, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), then platinum on November 7, 1997. It then reached double platinum sales on July 7, 2004, denoting 2,000,000 units sold.<ref name="RIAA"/> It has sold 1,770,521 copies in the US in 2002.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the beginning of June 2012, the reissue re-entered the Billboard 200 chart at number 88, selling over 9,000 copies, which it has brought to over 2,177,000 copies sold in the US. It also charted for two weeks, bringing its total to 80 weeks.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to Luminate (formerly SoundScan), it has sold 2,350,000 copies domestically as of the end of 2024.<ref name="USSales">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Internationally, the album charted in four countries in its original release, including number 64 in the UK,<ref name="ukchart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> number 69 on the Germany<ref name="germanchart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and number 56 in Australia.<ref>Template:Cite Ryan</ref> It has charted an additional two countries in the later years, where it peaked at number 54 in Japan<ref name="oricon">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and number 196 in Belgium.<ref name="Wallonia"/> It was certified platinum in Australia by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA)<ref name="ARIA"/> and Japan by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ).<ref name="AWARDSIRE"/> The album received gold certifications in Canada,<ref name="MC"/> Argentina,<ref name="CAPIF"/> New Zealand<ref name="RMNZ"/> and the United Kingdom.<ref name="BPI"/>
SinglesEdit
The album has spawned two singles. Its lead single, "Mouth for War", became the band's first song to ever chart, debuted on 10 October 1992 on the UK Singles Chart and managed to peak at number 73.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The album's second single, "Walk", marked their first top 40 UK hit when it debuted at number 35 for a period of two weeks in the chart.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Legacy and accoladesEdit
Vulgar Display of Power has been listed as one of the 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.<ref name="1001albums">Template:Cite book</ref> Chad Bowar of About.com ranked the album at number one in his list of the "Best Heavy Metal Albums of 1992" stating that "Pantera was head and shoulders above the rest of the field."<ref name="about-1992">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He also ranked the album second in the "Best Heavy Metal Albums of the 1990s" list behind Megadeth's Rust in Peace (1990).<ref name="about-1990s">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In October 2011, the album was ranked number four on Guitar World magazine's list of "The Top 10 Guitar Albums of 1992".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The album was ranked number one on Loudwire's "Top 11 Metal Albums of the 1990s" and their "Top 10 Albums of 1992", and the song "Walk" was ranked number seven in their "10 Catchiest Metal Songs".<ref name="loudwirebest"/><ref name="loudwire1992">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="loudwirecatchiest">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Loudwire also listed four of the album's songs in their list of the "10 Best Pantera songs", placing "This Love" in seventh, "Mouth for War" in fifth, "Fucking Hostile" in third and "Walk" in first.<ref name="loudwire-bestsongs">Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 2017, Rolling Stone ranked Vulgar Display of Power as 10th on their list of "The 100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2022, Guitar World ranked Vulgar Display of Power #1 on their list of "The 30 greatest rock guitar albums of 1992".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> IGN named Vulgar Display of Power the eleventh most influential heavy metal album ever on their list of the "Top 25 Metal Albums".<ref name="ignmetal">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They wrote the following:
This album makes the list because it took heavy metal and made it heavier. It took darkness and made it darker. It took anger and made it angrier. Never before had a band tuned down its guitars and crunched a heavier riff than on this album. 'Mouth for War' and 'A New Level' and 'No Good (Attack the Radical)' stand out on an album where every track is a classic track. Dimebag Darrell was an innovator and a true godsend for heavy metal. One of the most underrated players in the genre. And this may sound corny, but the way the band was able to turn seemingly negative aspects of the genre – hate, anger, violence and despair – into positive thoughts is somewhat akin to De La Soul dropping a positive message into rap.<ref name="ignmetal"/>
The song "Walk" has been covered by a number of bands and artists, including Avenged Sevenfold,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Leo Moracchioli,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Disturbed,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Breaking Benjamin,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> among others.
Track listingEdit
Template:Track listing Template:Track listing Template:Track listing
PersonnelEdit
Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2 Pantera
- Phil Anselmo – vocals
- Diamond Darrell – guitars
- Rex – bass
- Vinnie Paul – drums
Template:Col-2 Technical
- Terry Date – engineering, mixing, production
- Vinnie Paul – engineering, mixing, production
- Pantera – co-production
- Howie Weinberg – mastering
- Doug Sax – vinyl mastering
- Brad Guice – photography
- Joe Giron – photography
- Bob Defrin – artwork
- Larry Freemantle – design
Template:Col-2 Template:Col-end
ChartsEdit
Template:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chart| Chart (1992–1994) | Peak position |
|---|---|
| Australian Albums (ARIA)<ref>Template:Cite Ryan</ref> | 56 |
| Chart (1996–1999) | Peak position |
|---|---|
| Japanese Albums (Oricon)<ref name="JPN">Template:Cite book</ref> | 54 |
| Chart (2012) | Peak position | |
|---|---|---|
| US Billboard 200<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
88 |
| US Vinyl Albums (Billboard)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
4 |
| US Catalog Albums (Billboard)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
7 |
| US Indie Store (Billboard)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
21 |
CertificationsEdit
Template:Certification Table Top Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Entry Template:Certification Table Bottom
Release historyEdit
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Edition(s) | Label | Template:Abbr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Hlist | February 24, 1992 | Template:Hlist | Template:Hlist | Atco/Atlantic | <ref name="UKRelease">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| Template:Hlist | February 25, 1992 | <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |||
| Japan | March 25, 1992 | CD | Template:Hlist | <ref name="Japanesesleevenotes">Template:Cite AV media notes</ref> | ||
| Various | December 16, 2008 | Template:Hlist | Template:Hlist | <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |
| Various | May 15, 2012 | Template:Hlist | 20th Anniversary | <ref name="20thloudwire"/> | ||
| Japan | August 11, 2012 | <ref name="Japanesesleevenotes2">Template:Cite AV media notes</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |