Transition matrix may refer to:
- Change-of-basis matrix, associated with a change of basis for a vector space.
- Stochastic matrix, a square matrix used to describe the transitions of a Markov chain.
- State-transition matrix, a matrix whose product with the state vector <math>x</math> at an initial time <math>t_0</math> gives <math>x</math> at a later time <math>t</math>.