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Art movement

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An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific art philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a specific period of time, (usually a few months, years or decades) or, at least, with the heyday of the movement defined within a number of years. Art movements were especially important in modern art, when each consecutive movement was considered a new avant-garde movement. Western art had been, from the Renaissance up to the middle of the 19th century, underpinned by the logic of perspective and an attempt to reproduce an illusion of visible reality (figurative art). By the end of the 19th century many artists felt a need to create a new style which would encompass the fundamental changes taking place in technology, science and philosophy (abstract art).<ref>Mel Gooding, Abstract Art, Tate Publishing, London, 2000</ref>

ConceptEdit

According to theories associated with modernism and also the concept of postmodernism, art movements are especially important during the period of time corresponding to modern art.<ref>Man of his words: Pepe Karmel on Kirk Varnedoe — Passages – Critical Essay Artforum, Nov, 2003 by Pepe Karmel</ref> The period of time called "modern art" is posited to have changed approximately halfway through the 20th century and art made afterward is generally called contemporary art. Postmodernism in visual art begins and functions as a parallel to late modernism<ref>The Originality of the Avant Garde and Other Modernist Myths Rosalind E. Krauss, Publisher: The MIT Press; Reprint edition (July 9, 1986), Part I, Modernist Myths, pp.8–171</ref> and refers to that period after the "modern" period called contemporary art.<ref name="Deconstructionists, 2006, pp218-221">The Citadel of Modernism Falls to Deconstructionists, – 1992 critical essay, The Triumph of Modernism, 2006, Hilton Kramer, pp 218–221.</ref> The postmodern period began during late modernism (which is a contemporary continuation of modernism), and according to some theorists postmodernism ended in the 21st century.<ref name="ReferenceA">Post-Modernism: The New Classicism in Art and Architecture Charles Jencks</ref><ref name="William R. Everdell 1997, p4">William R. Everdell, The First Moderns: Profiles in the Origins of Twentieth-century Thought, University of Chicago Press, 1997, p4. Template:ISBN</ref> During the period of time corresponding to "modern art" each consecutive movement was often considered a new avant-garde.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

Also during the period of time referred to as "modern art" each movement was seen corresponding to a somewhat grandiose rethinking of all that came before it, concerning the visual arts. Generally there was a commonality of visual style linking the works and artists included in an art movement. Verbal expression and explanation of movements has come from the artists themselves, sometimes in the form of an art manifesto,<ref name=introduction>"Poetry of the Revolution. Marx, Manifestos, and the Avant-Gardes" introduction, Martin Puchner Template:Webarchive Retrieved April 4, 2006</ref><ref>"Looking at Artists' Manifestos, 1945–1965", Stephen B. Petersen Template:Webarchive Retrieved April 4, 2006</ref> and sometimes from art critics and others who may explain their understanding of the meaning of the new art then being produced.

In the visual arts, many artists, theorists, art critics, art collectors, art dealers and others mindful of the unbroken continuation of modernism and the continuation of modern art even into the contemporary era, ascribe to and welcome new philosophies of art as they appear.<ref>Clement Greenberg: Modernism and Postmodernism Template:Webarchive, seventh paragraph of the essay. URL accessed on June 15, 2006</ref><ref>Clement Greenberg: Modernism and Postmodernism Template:Webarchive, William Dobell Memorial Lecture, Sydney, Australia, Oct 31, 1979, Arts 54, No.6 (February 1980). His final essay on modernism Retrieved October 26, 2011</ref> Postmodernist theorists posit that the idea of art movements are no longer as applicable, or no longer as discernible, as the notion of art movements had been before the postmodern era.<ref>Ideas About Art by Desmond, Kathleen K. [1], John Wiley & Sons, 2011, p.148</ref><ref>International postmodernism: theory and literary practice, Bertens, Hans [2], Routledge, 1997, p.236</ref> There are many theorists however who doubt as to whether or not such an era was actually a fact;<ref name="ReferenceA"/> or just a passing fad.<ref name="William R. Everdell 1997, p4"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The term refers to tendencies in visual art, novel ideas and architecture, and sometimes literature. In music it is more common to speak about genres and styles instead. See also cultural movement, a term with a broader connotation.Template:Citation needed

As the names of many art movements use the -ism suffix (for example cubism and futurism), they are sometimes referred to as isms.

19th centuryEdit

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20th centuryEdit

1900–1921Edit

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1920–1945Edit

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1940–1965Edit

File:Gorky-The-Liver.jpg
Arshile Gorky, The Liver is the Cock's Comb (1944), oil on canvas, 73Template:Fraction × 98" (186 × 249 cm) Albright–Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York. Gorky was an Armenian-born American painter who had a seminal influence on Abstract Expressionism. De Kooning said: "I met a lot of artists — but then I met Gorky... He had an extraordinary gift for hitting the nail on the head; remarkable. So I immediately attached myself to him and we became very good friends."<ref>Willem de Kooning (1969) by Thomas B. Hess</ref>

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1965–2000Edit

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21st centuryEdit

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See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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