Geography of Sweden

Template:Short description Template:Country geography

Sweden is a country in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It borders Norway to the west (which is one of Sweden’s non-EU neighbours); Finland to the northeast; and the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia to the south and east. At Template:Convert, Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe, the fifth largest in Europe, and the 55th largest country in the world.

Sweden has a Template:Convert long coastline on its east, and the Scandinavian mountain chain (Skanderna) on its western border, separating it from Norway. It has maritime borders with Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia (another non-EU neighbour) Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, and it is also linked to Denmark (southwest) by the Öresund bridge. It has an Exclusive Economic Zone of Template:Convert.

TerrainEdit

File:Map of Sweden Cities (polar stereographic).png

Map of Sweden

Much of Sweden is heavily forested, with 69%<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> of the country being forest and woodland, while farmland constitutes only 8% of land use.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sweden consists of 39,960 km² of water area, constituting around 95,700 lakes.<ref>[1] Template:Webarchive</ref>Template:Efn-ua The lakes are sometimes used for water power plants, especially the large northern rivers and lakes.

Most of northern and western central Sweden consists of vast tracts of hilly and mountainous land called the Norrland terrain.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> From the south the transition to the Norrland terrain is not only seen in the relief but also in the wide and contiguous boreal forests that extend north of it<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> with till and peat being the overwhelmingly most common soil types.<ref name=Lundq1969>Template:Cite book</ref>

South of the Norrland terrain lies the Central Swedish lowland which forms a broad east-west trending belt from Gothenburg to Stockholm.<ref name=Naten>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=Worldregional/> This is the traditional heartland of Sweden due to its large population and agricultural resources.<ref name=Worldregional/> The region forms a belt of fertile soils suitable for agriculture that interrupts the forested and till-coated lands to the north and south.<ref name=Ytbildning/> Before the expansion of agriculture, these fertile soils were covered by a broad-leaved tree forest where maples, oaks, ashes, small-leaved lime and common hazel grew. The Central Swedish lowland does however also contain soils of poor quality, particularly in hills where Scots pine and Norway spruce grow on top of thin till soils.<ref name=Ytbildning/> Agriculture aside, the region benefits also from the proximity of hydropower, forest and bergslagen's mineral resources.<ref name=Worldregional>Template:Cite book</ref> Sweden's four largest lakes, Vänern, Vättern, Mälaren and Hjälmaren, lie within the lowlands.<ref name=Ytbildning>Template:Cite book</ref>

To the south of the Central Swedish lowland lies the South Swedish highlands<ref name=Naten/> which except for a lack of deep valleys is similar to the Norrland terrain found further north in Sweden.<ref name=Lundq1969/> The highest point of the highlands lies at 377 m.<ref name=LB2013>Template:Cite journal</ref> Poor soil conditions have posed significant difficulties for agriculture in the highlands, meaning that over time small industries became relatively important in local economies.<ref name=skogskunskap>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Southernmost Sweden contains a varied landscape with both plains and hilly terrain. A characteristic chain of elongated hills runs across Scania from northwest to southeast. These hills are horsts located along the Tornquist Zone.<ref name=NatenSkaneterrang>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=NatenSkaneberggrund>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some of the horsts are Hallandsåsen, Römelåsen and Söderåsen.<ref name=NatenSkaneterrang/> The plains of Scania and Halland make up 10% of Sweden's cultivated lands and are the country's main agricultural landscape. Productivity is high relative to the rest of Sweden and more akin to that of more southern European countries.<ref name=NatenProduktion>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The natural vegetation is made up of broadleaf forest although conifer plantations are common. Southern Sweden has Sweden's greatest animal and plant diversity.<ref name=NatenSkanebiota>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=NatenSkanedjur>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The two largest islands are Gotland and Öland in the southeast. They differ from the rest of Sweden by being made up of limestone and marl with an alvar vegetation adapted to the island's calcareous soils.<ref name=NatenGotlandterrang>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Gotland and Öland have landforms that are rare or absent in mainland Sweden. These include active cliffs seen in segments of their western coasts,<ref name="Rudberg1967">Template:Cite journal</ref> sea stacks called rauks and large cave systems. Template:Clear left

Political divisionsEdit

ProvincesEdit

File:Djurö February 2013 02.jpg

Uppland province

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Sweden has 25 provinces or landskap ("landscapes"), based on culture, geography and history: Bohuslän, Blekinge, Dalarna, Dalsland, Gotland, Gästrikland, Halland, Hälsingland, Härjedalen, Jämtland, Lapland, Medelpad, Norrbotten, Närke, Skåne, Småland, Södermanland, Uppland, Värmland, Västmanland, Västerbotten, Västergötland, Ångermanland, Öland and Östergötland.

While these provinces serve no political or administrative purpose, they play an important role for people's self-identification. The provinces are usually grouped together in three large lands (landsdelar): the northern Norrland, the central Svealand and southern Götaland. The sparsely populated Norrland encompasses almost 60% of the country.

CountiesEdit

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File:SverigesLän2007mKod.svg

Administratively, Sweden is divided into 21 counties, or län. In each county there is a County Administrative Board, or länsstyrelse, which is appointed by the national government.

In each county there is also a separate County Council, or region (before 1 januari 2020 called landsting), which is the municipal representation appointed by the county electorate.

The letters shown were on the vehicle registration plates until 1973.

MunicipalitiesEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:Lapporten 2.jpg

Lapporten mountain pass in Lapland

Each county is further divided into municipalities or kommuner, ranging from only one (in Gotland County) to forty-nine (in Västra Götaland County). The total number of municipalities is 290.

The northern municipalities are often large in size, but have small populations – the largest municipality is Kiruna with an area as large as the three southern provinces in Sweden (Scania, Blekinge and Halland) combined, but it only has a population of 25,000, and its density is about 1 / km².

File:Swedishpopdensity.svg

Population density in the counties of Sweden.
people/km²
Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend

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PopulationEdit

Sweden has a population of 10 million as of January 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The mountainous north is considerably less populated than the southern and central regions, partly because the summer period lasts longer in the south, and this is where the more successful agricultural industries were originally established. Another historical reason is said to be the desired proximity to key trade routes and partners in continental Europe, e.g. Germany. As a result, all seven urban areas in Sweden with a population of 100,000 or more, are located in the southern half of the country.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CitiesEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Cities and towns in Sweden are neither political nor administrative entities; rather they are localities or urban areas, independent of municipal subdivisions. The largest city, in terms of population, is the capital Stockholm, in the east, the dominant city for culture and media, with a population of 1,250,000. The second largest city is Gothenburg, with 510,500, in the west. The third largest is Malmö in the south, with 258,000. The largest city in the north is Umeå with 76,000 inhabitants.

Natural resourcesEdit

Sweden's natural resources include copper, gold, hydropower, iron ore, lead, silver, timber, uranium, and zinc.

EnvironmentEdit

Template:Also

Acid rain has become an issue because it is damaging soils and lakes and polluting the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The HBV hydrology transport model has been used to analyze nutrient discharge to the Baltic from tributary watersheds.

ClimateEdit

File:Koppen-Geiger Map SWE present.svg

Köppen climate classification types of Sweden

Most of Sweden has a temperate climate, despite its northern latitude, with largely four distinct seasons and mild temperatures throughout the year. The winter in the far south is usually weak and is manifested only through some shorter periods with snow and sub-zero temperatures, autumn may well turn into spring there, without a distinct period of winter. The northern parts of the country have a subarctic climate while the central parts have a humid continental climate. The coastal south can be defined as having either a humid continental climate using the 0 °C isotherm, or an oceanic climate using the –3 °C isotherm.

Due to the increased maritime moderation in the peninsular south, summer differences between the coastlines of the southernmost and northernmost regions are about Template:Convert in summer and Template:Convert in winter. This grows further when comparing areas in the northern interior where the winter difference in the far north is about Template:Convert throughout the country. The warmest summers usually happen in the Mälaren Valley around Stockholm<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> due to the vast landmass shielding the middle east coast from Atlantic low-pressure systems in July compared to the south and west. Daytime highs in Sweden's municipal seats vary from Template:Convert to Template:Convert in July and Template:Convert to Template:Convert in January. The colder temperatures are influenced by the higher elevation in the northern interior. At sea level instead, the coldest average highs range from Template:Convert to Template:Convert. As a result of the mild summers, the arctic region of Norrbotten has some of the northernmost agriculture in the world.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Sweden is much warmer and drier than other places at a similar latitude, and even somewhat farther south, mainly because of the combination of the Gulf Stream<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> and the general west wind drift, caused by the direction of planet Earth's rotation. Continental west-coasts (to which all of Scandinavia belongs, as the westernmost part of the Eurasian continent), are notably warmer than continental east-coasts; this can also be seen by comparing e.g. the Canadian cities of Vancouver and Halifax, Nova Scotia with each other, the winter in west coast Vancouver is much milder; also, for example, central and southern Sweden has much milder winters than many parts of Russia, Canada, and the northern United States.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Because of Sweden's high latitude, the length of daylight varies greatly. North of the Arctic Circle, the sun never sets for part of each summer, and it never rises for part of each winter. In the capital, Stockholm, daylight lasts for more than 18 hours in late June but only around 6 hours in late December. Sweden receives between 1,100 and 1,900 hours of sunshine annually.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The highest temperature ever recorded in Sweden was Template:Convert in Målilla in June 1947,<ref name="SMHI">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a record shared with Ultuna in Uppland.<ref name="SMHI" /> The coldest temperature ever recorded was Template:Convert in Vuoggatjålme on 2 February 1966.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Temperatures expected in Sweden are heavily influenced by the large Fennoscandian landmass, as well as continental Europe and western Russia, which allows hot or cool inland air to be easily transported to Sweden. That, in turn, renders most of Sweden's southern areas having warmer summers than almost everywhere in the nearby British Isles, even matching temperatures found along the continental Atlantic coast as far south as in northern Spain. In winter, however, the same high-pressure systems sometimes put the entire country far below freezing temperatures. There is some maritime moderation from the Atlantic which renders the Swedish continental climate less severe than that of nearby Russia. Even though temperature patterns differ between north and south, the summer climate is surprisingly similar all through the entire country in spite of the large latitudinal differences. This is due to the south's being surrounded by a greater mass of water, with the wider Baltic Sea and the Atlantic air passing over lowland areas from the south-west.

Apart from the ice-free Atlantic bringing marine air into Sweden tempering winters, the mildness is further explained by prevailing low-pressure systems postponing winter, with the long nights often staying above freezing in the south of the country due to the abundant cloud cover. By the time winter finally breaks through, daylight hours rise quickly, ensuring that daytime temperatures soar quickly in spring. With the greater number of clear nights, frosts remain commonplace quite far south as late as April. The cold winters occur when low-pressure systems are weaker. An example is that the coldest ever month (January 1987) in Stockholm was also the sunniest January month on record.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The relative strength of low and high-pressure systems of marine and continental air also define the highly variable summers. When hot continental air hits the country, the long days and short nights frequently bring temperatures up to Template:Convert or above even in coastal areas. Nights normally remain cool, especially in inland areas. Coastal areas can see so-called tropical nights above Template:Convert occur due to the moderating sea influence during warmer summers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Summers can be cool, especially in the north of the country. Transitional seasons are normally quite extensive and the four-season climate applies to most of Sweden's territory, except in Scania where some years do not record a meteorological winter (see table below) or in the high Lapland mountains where polar microclimates exist.

On average, most of Sweden receives between Template:Convert of precipitation each year, making it considerably drier than the global average. The south-western part of the country receives more precipitation, between Template:Convert, and some mountain areas in the north are estimated to receive up to Template:Convert. Despite northerly locations, southern and central Sweden may have almost no snow in some winters. Most of Sweden is located in the rain shadow of the Scandinavian Mountains through Norway and north-west Sweden. The blocking of cool and wet air in summer, as well as the greater landmass, leads to warm and dry summers far north in the country, with quite warm summers at the Bothnia Bay coast at 65 degrees latitude, which is unheard of elsewhere in the world at such northerly coastlines.

It is predicted that as the Barents Sea gets less frozen in the coming winters, becoming thus "Atlantified", additional evaporation will increase future snowfalls in Sweden and much of continental Europe.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Template:Climate chart

Template:Climate chart Swedish Meteorological Institute, SMHI's monthly average temperatures of some of their weather stations – for the latest scientific full prefixed thirty-year period 1961–1990 Next will be presented in year 2020. The weather stations are sorted from south towards north by their numbers.

stn.nr.	station	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Annual
5337	Malmö	0.1	0.0	2.2	6.4	11.6	15.8	17.1	16.8	13.6	9.8	5.3	1.9	8.4
6203	Helsingborg	0.6	−0.1	2.0	6.0	11.2	15.3	16.7	16.6	13.6	9.9	5.2	1.8	8.3
6451	Växjö	−2.8	−2.8	0.0	4.7	10.2	14.3	15.3	14.9	11.2	7.0	2.3	−1.2	6.1
7839	Visby	−0.5	−1.2	0.7	4.1	9.5	14.0	16.4	16.0	12.5	8.6	4.3	1.2	7.1
7447	Jönköping	−2.6	−2.7	0.3	4.7	10.0	14.5	15.9	15.0	11.3	7.5	2.8	−0.7	6.3
7263	Gothenburg	−0.9	−0.9	2.0	6.0	11.6	15.5	16.6	16.2	12.8	9.1	4.4	1.0	7.8
8323	Skövde	−2.8	−2.9	0.0	4.6	10.6	15.0	16.2	15.2	11.1	7.1	2.2	−1.1	6.3
8634	Norrköping	−3.0	−3.2	0.0	4.5	10.4	15.1	16.6	15.5	11.3	7.2	2.2	−1.4	6.3
9516	Örebro	−4.0	−4.0	−0.5	4.3	10.7	15.3	16.5	15.3	10.9	6.6	1.3	−2.4	5.8
9720	Stockholm Bromma	−3.5	−3.7	−0.5	4.3	10.4	15.2	16.8	15.8	11.4	7.0	2.0	−1.8	6.1
9739	Stockholm Arlanda	−4.3	−4.6	−1.0	3.9	9.9	14.8	16.5	15.2	10.7	6.4	1.2	−2.6	5.5
10458	Mora	−7.4	−7.2	−2.4	2.5	9.1	14.1	15.4	13.5	9.3	4.9	−1.6	−6.1	3.7
10740	Gävle	−4.8	−4.5	−1.0	3.4	9.3	14.6	16.3	14.9	10.6	6.0	0.6	−3.3	5.2
12724	Sundsvall	−7.5	−6.3	−2.3	2.5	8.2	13.8	15.2	13.8	9.4	4.8	−1.5	−5.7	3.6
13410	Östersund	−8.9	−7.6	−3.5	1.3	7.6	12.5	13.9	12.7	8.2	3.8	−2.4	−6.3	2.6
14050	Umeå	−8.7	−8.3	−4.0	1.4	7.6	13.3	15.6	13.8	9.0	4.0	−2.3	−6.4	2.9
15045	Skellefteå	−10.2	−8.7	−4.2	1.2	7.6	13.6	15.7	13.5	8.5	3.2	−3.4	−7.5	2.5
16288	Luleå	−12.2	−11.0	−6.0	0.3	6.6	13.0	15.4	13.3	8.0	2.6	−4.5	−9.7	1.3
16395	Haparanda	−12.1	−11.4	−6.8	−0.5	6.1	12.8	15.4	13.2	8.0	2.5	−4.2	−9.5	1.1
16988	Jokkmokk	−17.5	−14.9	−8.6	−1.1	5.9	12.2	14.3	11.8	5.7	−0.2	−9.3	−14.6	-1.4
17897	Tarfala (a mountain peak)	−11.8	−11.3	−10.6	−7.5	−1.9	3.2	6.4	5.3	0.8	−3.9	−7.9	−10.7	-4.2
18076	Gällivare	−14.3	−12.5	−8.4	−1.9	5.0	11.0	13.0	10.7	5.6	−0.6	−8.1	−12.2	-1.1
18094	Kiruna	−13.9	−12.5	−8.7	−3.2	3.4	9.6	12.0	9.8	4.6	−1.4	−8.1	−11.9	-1.7

<ref>The weather stations' names and numbers are first found at {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ExtremesEdit

Template:Weather box

Extreme pointsEdit

Template:GeoGroupTemplate Template:Location map many The extreme points of Sweden include the coordinates that are farthest north, south, east and west in Sweden, and the ones that are at the highest and the lowest elevations in the country. Unlike Norway and Denmark, Sweden has no external territories that can be considered either inside or outside the country depending on definition, meaning that the extreme points of Sweden are unambiguous.

The latitude and longitude are expressed in decimal degree notation, in which a positive latitude value refers to the Northern Hemisphere, and a negative value refers to the Southern Hemisphere. Additionally, a negative elevation value refers to land below sea level. The coordinates used in this article are sourced from Google Earth, which makes use of the World Geodetic System (WGS) 84, a geodetic reference system.

Latitude and longitudeEdit

File:Treriks.jpg

Treriksröset, Sweden's northernmost point

File:Smygehuk-1.jpg

Signpost in the harbour of Smygehuk, Sweden's southernmost point

Sweden's northernmost point is Treriksröset, in the Lapland province,<ref name="cia" /> where the borders of Sweden, Norway, and Finland meet. The closest Swedish city to the area is Kiruna, which is Sweden's northernmost city.<ref name="google trerik" /> Sweden's southernmost point is in the harbour of the fishing village Smygehuk, near the city of Trelleborg,<ref name="trelleborg">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> which borders the Baltic Sea.<ref name="google smyge" /> At the pier of the harbour, a signpost displays the exact position of the point, as well as the distance to Treriksröset, Stockholm, Berlin, Paris, and Moscow.<ref name="trelleborg"/>

Sweden's westernmost point is on Stora Drammen, an islet in Skagerrak outside the coast of Bohuslän.<ref name="scb">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Seabirds and harbor seals have colonies on the islet, but it is uninhabited by humans.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sweden's easternmost point is on Kataja,<ref name="scb"/> an islet south of Haparanda in the Bothnian Bay.<ref name="atlas">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The islet is divided between Sweden and Finland. The border was established in 1809, after the Finnish War, between what was previously two islets, a Swedish one called Kataja and a smaller Finnish one called Inakari. Since 1809, post-glacial rebound has caused the sea level in the region to drop relative to land level, joining the two islets.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> If counting the mainland only, Stensvik in Strömstad is Sweden's westernmost point,<ref name="eniro stensvik"/> and Sundholmen in Haparanda is the easternmost point.<ref name="sundholm"/>

Heading	Location	Province	Bordering entity	Coordinates<ref name="wgs84">Coordinates obtained from Google Earth. Google Earth makes use of the WGS84 geodetic reference system.</ref>	Ref
North	Treriksröset, Kiruna	Lapland	Troms, Norway, and Lapland, Finland	Template:Coord	<ref name="google trerik">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="scb"/><ref name="page4"/>
South	Smygehuk, Trelleborg	Scania	Baltic Sea	Template:Coord	<ref name="google smyge">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="scb"/><ref>Almqvist & Wiksells stor-atlas, p. 7</ref>
West	Stora Drammen, Strömstad	Bohuslän	Skagerrak	Template:Coord	<ref name="scb"/><ref name="google drammen">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="eniro storadrammen">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
West (mainland)	Stensvik, Strömstad	Bohuslän	Skagerrak	Template:Coord	<ref name="eniro stensvik">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Almqvist & Wiksells stor-atlas, p. 6</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
East	Finnish border on north coast of Kataja, Haparanda	Norrbotten	Bothnian Bay	Template:Coord	<ref name="scb"/><ref name="google kataja">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="eniro kataja">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
East (mainland)	Sundholmen, Haparanda	Norrbotten	Torne River, and the Bothnian Bay	Template:Coord	<ref name="sundholm">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="page4">Almqvist & Wiksells stor-atlas, p. 4</ref><ref name="google sundholm">{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Norra Kvill National Park, Sweden (by Pudelek).jpg

Sweden trees <ref>Norra Kvill National Park, Sweden (by Pudelek).jpg</ref>

ElevationEdit

File:Kebnekaise view from Tuolpagorni.jpg

At Template:Convert, Kebnekaise is Sweden's highest point.

The highest point in Sweden is the northern peak of Kebnekaise, which stands at Template:Convert. It is in the Scandinavian Mountains chain, in the province of Lapland.<ref name="dn">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="google kebnekaise"/> The mountain has two peaks, of which the glaciated southern one was until fairly recently the highest at above Template:Convert. The top glacier on the southern peak has shrunk fast; therefore the summit is not as high as earlier. It was Template:Convert in 2008.<ref name="dn"/> The northern peak, which stands at Template:Convert, is free of ice. Other points of comparable height in the vicinity of Kebnekaise include Sarektjåkka at Template:Convert, and Kaskasatjåkka at Template:Convert.<ref name="scb" />

Sweden's lowest point, which is Template:Convert below sea level, is in the Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve in the city of Kristianstad.<ref name="cia">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The point is at the bottom of what was once Nosabyviken, a bay on the lake of Hammarsjön. The bay was drained in the 1860s by John Nun Milner, an engineer, to get more arable land for Kristianstad.<ref name="vattenriket"/>

Extremity	Name	Elevation	Location	Province	Coordinates<ref name="wgs84"/>	Ref
Highest	Kebnekaise	Template:Convert	Scandinavian Mountains	Lapland	Template:Coord	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Almqvist & Wiksells stor-atlas, p. 18</ref>
Lowest	Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve	Template:Convert	Kristianstad	Scania (Skåne)	Template:Coord	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Deepest lake (from its surface)	Hornavan	Template:Convert	Arjeplog	Norrbotten

TransportationEdit

Only public transportation.

Heading	Airport	Railway station	Bus stop
North	Kiruna	Vassijaure (Template:Coord)	Karesuando bus station (Template:Coord)
South	Malmö	Trelleborg (Template:Coord	Smygehuk Hamnen (Template:Coord)
West	Göteborg	Strömstad (Template:Coord)	Strömstad Color Line terminal (Template:Coord)
East	Pajala	Haparanda (Template:Coord)	Haparanda-Tornio bus station (Template:Coord)
Highest	Sälen, Template:Convert	Storlien, Template:Convert (Template:Coord)