Tanager

Template:Short description Template:For {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Distinguish Template:Use American English Template:Automatic taxobox The tanagers (singular Template:IPAc-en) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.<ref name=burns2014/>

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera Piranga (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae,<ref name= YM2002>Template:Cite journal</ref> and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:TOC limit

Description

Tanagers are small to medium-sized birds. The shortest-bodied species, the white-eared conebill, is Template:Convert long and weighs Template:Convert, barely smaller than the short-billed honeycreeper. The longest, the magpie tanager is Template:Convert and weighs Template:Convert. The heaviest is the white-capped tanager, which weighs Template:Convert and measures about Template:Convert. Both sexes are usually the same size and weight.

Tanagers are often brightly colored, but some species are black and white. Males are typically more brightly colored than females and juveniles. Most tanagers have short, rounded wings. The shape of the bill seems to be linked to the species' foraging habits.

Distribution

Tanagers are restricted to the Western Hemisphere and mainly to the tropics. About 60% of tanagers live in South America, and 30% of these species live in the Andes. Most species are endemic to a relatively small area.

Behavior

Most tanagers live in pairs or in small groups of three to five individuals. These groups may consist simply of parents and their offspring. These birds may also be seen in single-species or mixed flocks. Many tanagers are thought to have dull songs, though some are elaborate.Template:Citation needed

Diet

Tanagers are omnivorous, and their diets vary by genus. They have been seen eating fruits, seeds, nectar, flower parts, and insects. Many pick insects off branches or from holes in the wood. Other species look for insects on the undersides of leaves. Yet others wait on branches until they see a flying insect and catch it in the air. Many of these particular species inhabit the same areas, but these specializations alleviate competition.

Breeding

The breeding season is March through June in temperate areas and in September through October in South America. Some species are territorial, while others build their nests closer together. Little information is available on tanager breeding behavior. Males show off their brightest feathers to potential mates and rival males. Some species' courtship rituals involve bowing and tail lifting.

Most tanagers build cup nests on branches in trees. Some nests are almost globular. Entrances are usually built on the side of the nest. The nests can be shallow or deep. The species of the tree in which they choose to build their nests and the nests' positions vary among genera. Most species nest in an area hidden by very dense vegetation. No information is yet known regarding the nests of some species.

The clutch size is three to five eggs. The female incubates the eggs and builds the nest, but the male may feed the female while she incubates. Both sexes feed the young. Five species have helpers assist in feeding the young. These helpers are thought to be the previous year's nestlings.

Taxonomy

The family Thraupidae was introduced (as the subfamily Thraupinae) in 1847 by German ornithologist Jean Cabanis. The type genus is Thraupis.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The family Thraupidae is a member of an assemblage of over 800 birds known as the New World, nine-primaried oscines. The traditional pre-molecular classification was largely based on the different feeding specializations. Nectar-feeders were placed in Coerebidae (honeycreepers), large-billed seed-eaters in Cardinalidae (cardinals and grosbeaks), smaller-billed seed-eaters in Emberizidae (New World finches and sparrows), ground-foraging insect-eaters in Icteridae (blackbirds) and fruit-eaters in Thraupidae.<ref name=burns2014/> This classification was known to be problematic as analyses using other morphological characteristics often produced conflicting phylogenies.<ref name=klicka2007/> Beginning in the last decade of the 20th century, a series of molecular phylogenetic studies led to a complete reorganization of the traditional families. Thraupidae now includes large-billed seed eaters, thin-billed nectar feeders, and foliage gleaners as well as fruit-eaters.<ref name=burns2014/>

One consequence of redefining the family boundaries is that for many species their common names are no longer congruent with the families in which they are placed. As of July 2020 there are 39 species with "tanager" in the common name that are not placed in Thraupidae. These include the widely distributed scarlet tanager and western tanager, which are both now placed in Cardinalidae. There are also 106 species within Thraupidae that have "finch" in their common name.<ref name=ioc/>

A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 revealed that many of the traditional genera were not monophyletic.<ref name=burns2014>Template:Cite journal</ref> In the resulting reorganization six new genera were introduced, eleven genera were resurrected, and seven genera were abandoned.<ref name=burns2016>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=ioc>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

As of March 2025 the family contains 393 species which are divided into 15 subfamilies and 105 genera.<ref name=burns2014/><ref name=ioc/> For a complete list, see the article List of tanager species.

List of genera

Catamblyrhynchinae

The plushcap has no close relatives and is now placed in its own subfamily. It was previously placed either in the subfamily Catamblyrhynchinae within the Emberizidae or in its own family Catamblyrhynchidae.<ref name=burns2014/>

Image	Genus	Species
File:Plush-capped Finch - Colombia S4E1689 (22623276893).jpg	Catamblyrhynchus Template:Small	Plushcap – Catamblyrhynchus diadema

Charitospizinae

The coal-crested finch is endemic to the grasslands of Brazil and has no close relatives. It is unusual in that both sexes have a crest. It was formerly placed in Emberizidae.

Image	Genus	Species
File:Charitospiza eucosma - Coal-crested Finch.jpg	Charitospiza Template:Small	Coal-crested finch – Charitospiza eucosma

Orchesticinae

Two species with large thick bills. Parkerthraustes was formerly placed in Cardinalidae.

Image	Genus	Species
File:Brown Tanager - Itatiaia - Brazil MG 0161 (23224278996).jpg	Orchesticus Template:Small	Brown tanager – Orchesticus abeillei
File:Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak.jpg	Parkerthraustes Template:Small	Yellow-shouldered grosbeak, Parkerthraustes humeralis

Nemosiinae

Brightly colored, sexually dichromatic birds. Most form single-species flocks.

Image	Genus	Species
File:Nemosia pileata.jpg	Nemosia Template:Small	Hooded tanager, Nemosia pileata Cherry-throated tanager, Nemosia rourei
File:Cyanicterus cyanicterus - Blue-backed Tanager (female); Ramal do Pau Rosa, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.jpg	Cyanicterus Template:Small	Blue-backed tanager – Cyanicterus cyanicterus
File:Sericossypha albocristata Pollo de monte White-capped Tanager (11198228383).jpg	Sericossypha Template:Small	White-capped tanager – Sericossypha albocristata
File:Compsothraupis loricata Scarlet-throated Tanager (female); Januária, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg	Compsothraupis Template:Small	Scarlet-throated tanager – Compsothraupis loricata

Emberizoidinae

Grassland dwelling birds that were formerly placed in Emberizidae.

Image	Genus	Species
File:Coryphospiza melanotis - Black-masked Finch; Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg	Coryphaspiza Template:Small	Black-masked finch – Coryphaspiza melanotis
File:Embernagra longicauda - Pale-throated Pampa-Finch; Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg	Embernagra Template:Small	Serra finch – Embernagra longicauda Pampa finch – Embernagra platensis
File:Emberizoides herbicola -Piraju, Brasil -nature reserve-8a.jpg	Emberizoides Template:Small	Wedge-tailed grass finch – Emberizoides herbicola Duida grass finch – Emberizoides duidae Lesser grass finch – Emberizoides ypiranganus

Porphyrospizinae

Yellow billed birds. The blue finch (Rhopospina caerulescens) was formerly placed in Cardinalidae; the other species were formerly placed in Emberizidae.

Image	Genus	Species
File:GreatInca-Finch.jpg	Incaspiza Template:Small	Great Inca finch – Incaspiza pulchra Rufous-backed Inca finch – Incaspiza personata Grey-winged Inca finch – Incaspiza ortizi Buff-bridled Inca finch – Incaspiza laeta Little Inca finch – Incaspiza watkinsi
File:Mourning Sierra Finch (Rhopospina fruticeti), Colca Canyon, Peru.jpg	Rhopospina Template:Small	Mourning sierra finch – Rhopospina fruticeti Blue finch – Rhopospina caerulescens Band-tailed sierra finch – Rhopospina alaudina Carbonated sierra finch – Rhopospina carbonaria

Hemithraupinae

These species are sexually dichromatic and many have yellow and black plumage. Except for Heterospingus, they have slender bills.

Image	Genus	Species
File:Green honeycreeper (Chlorophanes spiza spiza) male.jpg	Chlorophanes Template:Small	Green honeycreeper – Chlorophanes spiza
File:Iridophanes pulcherrimus - Golden-collared Honeycreeper; Ecuador.jpg	Iridophanes Template:Small	Golden-collared honeycreeper – Iridophanes pulcherrimus
File:Chrysothlypis salmoni - Scarlet-and-White Tanager.jpg	Chrysothlypis Template:Small	Black-and-yellow tanager – Chrysothlypis chrysomelas Scarlet-and-white tanager – Chrysothlypis salmoni
File:Scarlet-browed Tanager (Heterospingus xanthopygius (8079749074).jpg	Heterospingus Template:Small	Sulphur-rumped tanager – Heterospingus rubrifrons Scarlet-browed tanager – Heterospingus xanthopygius
File:Hemithraupis ruficapilla.jpg	Hemithraupis Template:Small	Guira tanager – Hemithraupis guira Rufous-headed tanager – Hemithraupis ruficapilla Yellow-backed tanager – Hemithraupis flavicollis

Dacninae

Sexually dichromatic species—males have blue plumage and females are green.

Image	Genus	Species
File:Tersina viridis -Registro, Sao Paulo, Brazil -male-8.jpg	Tersina Template:Small	Swallow tanager – Tersina viridis
File:Red-legged Honeycreeper - Panama H8O2103 (23250437695).jpg	Cyanerpes Template:Small	Short-billed honeycreeper – Cyanerpes nitidus Shining honeycreeper – Cyanerpes lucidus Purple honeycreeper – Cyanerpes caeruleus Red-legged honeycreeper – Cyanerpes cyaneus
File:Dacnis cayana -Vale do Ribeira, Registro, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg	Dacnis Template:Small	Scarlet-breasted dacnis – Dacnis berlepschi Scarlet-thighed dacnis – Dacnis venusta Blue dacnis – Dacnis cayana Yellow-bellied dacnis – Dacnis flaviventer Turquoise dacnis – Dacnis hartlaubi Black-faced dacnis – Dacnis lineata Yellow-tufted dacnis – Dacnis egregia Viridian dacnis – Dacnis viguieri Black-legged dacnis – Dacnis nigripes White-bellied dacnis – Dacnis albiventris

Saltatorinae

Mainly arboreal with long tails and thick bills. Formerly placed in Cardinalidae.

Image	Genus	Species
File:Saltatricula multicolor - Many-colored Chaco Finch.jpg	Saltatricula Template:Small	Many-colored Chaco finch – Saltatricula multicolor Black-throated saltator – Saltatricula atricollis
File:Saltator maximus Saltador ajicero Buff-throated Saltator (8447037135).jpg	Saltator Template:Small	Orinoco saltator – Saltator orenocensis Green-winged saltator – Saltator similis Bluish-grey saltator or Amazonian grey saltator – Saltator coerulescens Cinnamon-bellied saltator or northern grey saltator – Saltator grandis Olive-grey saltator or Caribbean grey saltator – Saltator olivascens Streaked saltator – Saltator striatipectus Lesser Antillean saltator – Saltator albicollis Buff-throated saltator – Saltator maximus Black-winged saltator – Saltator atripennis Black-headed saltator – Saltator atriceps Black-cowled saltator – Saltator nigriceps Black-throated grosbeak – Saltator fuliginosus Slate-coloured grosbeak – Saltator grossus Masked saltator – Saltator cinctus Thick-billed saltator – Saltator maxillosus Golden-billed saltator – Saltator aurantiirostris

Coerebinae

File:Darwin's finches.jpeg

Diversity of Darwin's finches

This subfamily includes Darwin's finches that are endemic to the Galápagos Islands and Cocos Island. Most of these species were formerly placed in Emberizidae; the exceptions are the bananaquit that was placed in Parulidae and the orangequit that was placed in Thraupidae. These species build domed or covered nests with side entrances. They have evolved a variety of foraging techniques, including nectar-feeding (Coereba, Euneornis), seed-eating (Geospiza, Loxigilla, Tiaris), and insect gleaning (Certhidea).<ref name=burns2014/>

Image	Genus	Species
File:Coereba flaveola (Mielero común) - Flickr - Alejandro Bayer (13).jpg	Coereba Template:Small	Bananaquit – Coereba flaveola
File:Yellow-faced-grassquit-eating-seeds.jpg	Tiaris Template:Small	Yellow-faced grassquit – Tiaris olivaceus
File:Orangequit male RWD4.jpg	Euneornis Template:Small	Orangequit – Euneornis campestris
File:Cuban bullfinch (Melopyrrha nigra nigra).JPG	Melopyrrha Template:Small	Puerto Rican bullfinch – Melopyrrha portoricensis (formerly placed in Loxigilla) †St. Kitts bullfinch – Melopyrrha grandis Greater Antillean bullfinch – Melopyrrha violacea (formerly placed in Loxigilla) Cuban bullfinch – Melopyrrha nigra Grand Cayman bullfinch – Melopyrrha taylori
File:Yellow-shouldered Grassquit (Loxipasser anoxanthus) Illustrations of the birds of Jamaica (1849).jpg	Loxipasser Template:Small	Yellow-shouldered grassquit – Loxipasser anoxanthus
File:Tiaris canorus -Canberra Walk In Aviary, Australia-8a.jpg	Phonipara Template:Small	Cuban grassquit – Phonipara canora
File:Lesser Antillean Bullfinch RWD6.jpg	Loxigilla Template:Small	Lesser Antillean bullfinch – Loxigilla noctis Barbados bullfinch – Loxigilla barbadensis
File:Melanospiza richardsoni 22917595 (cropped).jpg	Melanospiza Template:Small	Saint Lucia black finch – Melanospiza richardsoni Black-faced grassquit – Melanospiza bicolor
File:CIGARRA-DO-COQUEIRO (Tiaris fuliginosus).jpg	Asemospiza Template:Small	Sooty grassquit – Asemospiza fuliginosa Dull-coloured grassquit – Asemospiza obscura

Darwin's finches:

Image	Genus	Species
File:Certhidea olivacea - Green Wabler Finch.jpg	Certhidea Template:Small	Green warbler-finch – Certhidea olivacea Grey warbler-finch – Certhidea fusca
File:Platyspiza crassirostris (8500652538).jpg	Platyspiza Template:Small	Vegetarian finch – Platyspiza crassirostris
File:Pinaroloxias inornata P1150966a.jpg	Pinaroloxias Template:Small	Cocos finch – Pinaroloxias inornata
File:MTF male.jpg	Camarhynchus Template:Small	Small tree finch – Camarhynchus parvulus Medium tree finch – Camarhynchus pauper Large tree finch – Camarhynchus psittacula Woodpecker finch – Camarhynchus pallidus Mangrove finch – Camarhynchus heliobates
File:Large ground finch (4229035966).jpg	Geospiza Template:Small	Española cactus finch – Geospiza conirostris Sharp-beaked ground finch – Geospiza difficilis Vampire ground finch – Geospiza septentrionalis Genovesa ground finch – Geospiza acutirostris Medium ground finch – Geospiza fortis Small ground finch – Geospiza fuliginosa Large ground finch – Geospiza magnirostris Common cactus finch – Geospiza scandens Genovesa cactus finch – Geospiza propinqua

Tachyphoninae

Most of these are lowland species. Many have ornamental features such as crests, and many have sexually dichromatic plumage.<ref name=burns2014/>

Image	Genus	Species
File:Tiziu.jpg	Volatinia Template:Small	Blue-black grassquit – Volatinia jacarina
File:Conothraupis speculigera - Black-and-white Tanager - male (cropped).jpg	Conothraupis Template:Small	Black-and-white tanager – Conothraupis speculigera Cone-billed tanager – Conothraupis mesoleuca
File:Creurgops verticalis.jpg	Creurgops Template:Small	Rufous-crested tanager – Creurgops verticalis Slaty tanager – Creurgops dentatus
File:Eucometis penicillata -Manizales, Caldas, Colombia-8.jpg	Eucometis Template:Small	Grey-headed tanager – Eucometis penicillata
File:Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos Mateus de Mattos Sales (01) 04.jpg	Trichothraupis Template:Small	Black-goggled tanager – Trichothraupis melanops
File:Heliothraupis oneilli (51648767088).jpg	Heliothraupis Template:Small	Inti tanager – Heliothraupis oneilli
File:Tie-galo( Tachyphonus cristatus ).jpg	Loriotus Template:Small	Flame-crested tanager – Loriotus cristatus Yellow-crested tanager – Loriotus rufiventer White-shouldered tanager – Loriotus luctuosus
File:Coryphospingus cucullatus -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8 (1).jpg	Coryphospingus Template:Small	Grey pileated finch – Coryphospingus pileatus Red pileated finch – Coryphospingus cucullatus
File:White-lined tanager (Tachyphonus rufus) male.jpg	Tachyphonus Template:Small	Fulvous-crested tanager – Tachyphonus surinamus Tawny-crested tanager – Tachyphonus delatrii Ruby-crowned tanager – Tachyphonus coronatus White-lined tanager – Tachyphonus rufus Red-shouldered tanager – Tachyphonus phoenicius
File:Crimson-breasted FinchRWD12g.jpg	Rhodospingus Template:Small	Crimson-breasted finch – Rhodospingus cruentus
File:Black-throated Shrike-Tanager, Lanio aurantius (cropped).jpg	Lanio Template:Small	Fulvous shrike-tanager – Lanio fulvus White-winged shrike-tanager – Lanio versicolor Black-throated shrike-tanager – Lanio aurantius White-throated shrike-tanager – Lanio leucothorax
File:850 4729 - Flickr - Weng Kong Koh.jpg	Ramphocelus Template:Small	Crimson-collared tanager – Ramphocelus sanguinolentus Masked crimson tanager – Ramphocelus nigrogularis Crimson-backed tanager – Ramphocelus dimidiatus Huallaga tanager – Ramphocelus melanogaster Silver-beaked tanager – Ramphocelus carbo Brazilian tanager – Ramphocelus bresilius Passerini's tanager – Ramphocelus passerinii Cherrie's tanager – Ramphocelus costaricensis Flame-rumped tanager – Ramphocelus flammigerus Lemon-rumped tanager – R. f. icteronotus

Sporophilinae

These species were formerly placed in Emberizidae.

Image	Genus	Species
File:Sporophila hypoxantha.jpg	Sporophila Template:Small

Poospizinae

Some of these species were formerly placed in Emberizidae.

Image	Genus	Species
File:Cinereous Finch.jpg	Piezorina Template:Small	Cinereous finch – Piezorina cinerea
File:Xenospingus concolor - Slender-billed Finch; Ica, Peru.jpg	Xenospingus Template:Small	Slender-billed finch – Xenospingus concolor
File:Cnemoscopus rubrirostris.jpg	Cnemoscopus Template:Small	Grey-hooded bush tanager – Cnemoscopus rubrirostris
File:Hemispingus verticalis Hemispingus tiznado Black-headed Hemispingus (8743055392).jpg	Pseudospingus Template:Small	Drab hemispingus – Pseudospingus xanthophthalmus Black-headed hemispingus – Pseudospingus verticalis
File:Poospiza whitii - Black-and-chestnut Warbling Finch; San Luis, Argentina.jpg	Poospiza Template:Small	Bolivian warbling finch – Poospiza boliviana Cinnamon warbling finch – Poospiza ornata Black-and-rufous warbling finch – Poospiza nigrorufa Black-and-chestnut warbling finch – Poospiza whitii Collared warbling finch – Poospiza hispaniolensis Rufous-breasted warbling finch – Poospiza rubecula Tucumán mountain finch – Poospiza baeri Cochabamba mountain finch – Poospiza garleppi Slaty-backed hemispingus – Poospiza goeringi Rufous-browed hemispingus – Poospiza rufosuperciliaris
File:Kleinothraupis atropileus - Black-capped Hemispingus (cropped).jpg	Kleinothraupis Template:Small	Grey-capped hemispingus – Kleinothraupis reyi Black-capped hemispingus – Kleinothraupis atropileus White-browed hemispingus – Kleinothraupis auricularis Orange-browed hemispingus – Kleinothraupis calophrys Parodi's hemispingus – Kleinothraupis parodii
File:Oleaginous Hemispingus, Abra la Esperanza, Huancabamba District, Peru 1.jpg	Sphenopsis Template:Small	Oleaginous hemispingus – Sphenopsis frontalis Black-eared hemispingus – Sphenopsis melanotis Piura hemispingus – Sphenopsis piurae Western hemispingus – Sphenopsis ochracea
File:Thlypopsis pectoralis - Brown-flanked Tanager; Huanuco, Peru.jpg	Thlypopsis Template:Small	Fulvous-headed tanager – Thlypopsis fulviceps Rufous-chested tanager – Thlypopsis ornata Brown-flanked tanager – Thlypopsis pectoralis Orange-headed tanager – Thlypopsis sordida Buff-bellied tanager – Thlypopsis inornata Rust-and-yellow tanager – Thlypopsis ruficeps
File:Bay-chested Warbling-Finch - REGUA - Brazil S4E1798 (23391905915).jpg	Castanozoster Template:Small	Bay-chested warbling finch – Castanozoster thoracicus
File:MONTERITA-CABEZA-GRIS-Donacospiza-albifrons.jpg	Donacospiza Template:Small	Long-tailed reed finch – Donacospiza albifrons
File:Cypsnagra hirundinacea - White-rumped Tanager; Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil.jpg	Cypsnagra Template:Small	White-rumped tanager – Cypsnagra hirundinacea
File:Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch (Poospiza caesar).jpg	Poospizopsis Template:Small	Rufous-sided warbling finch – Poospizopsis hypocondria Chestnut-breasted mountain finch – Poospizopsis caesar
File:Black-backed Bush Tanager.jpg	Urothraupis Template:Small	Black-backed bush tanager – Urothraupis stolzmanni
File:Nephelornis oneilli - Pardusco (cropped).jpg	Nephelornis Template:Small	Pardusco – Nephelornis oneilli
File:Poospiza lateralis -Extrema, Minas Gerais, Brazil-8.jpg	Microspingus Template:Small	Buff-throated warbling finch – Microspingus lateralis Grey-throated warbling finch – Microspingus cabanisi Rusty-browed warbling finch – Microspingus erythrophrys Plain-tailed warbling finch – Microspingus alticola Ringed warbling finch – Microspingus torquatus Three-striped hemispingus – Microspingus trifasciatus Black-capped warbling finch – Microspingus melanoleucus Cinereous warbling finch – Microspingus cinereus

Diglossinae

This is a morphologically diverse group that includes seed-eaters (Nesospiza, Sicalis, Catamenia, Haplospiza), arthropod feeders (Conirostrum), a bamboo specialist (Acanthidops), an aphid feeder (Xenodacnis), and boulder field specialists (Idiopsar). Many species live at high altitudes. Conirostrum was previously placed in Parulidae, Diglossa was placed in Thraupidae, and the remaining genera were placed in Emberizidae.<ref name=burns2014/>

Image	Genus	Species
File:Conirostrum rufum.jpg	Conirostrum Template:Small	Chestnut-vented conebill – Conirostrum speciosum White-eared conebill – Conirostrum leucogenys Bicolored conebill – Conirostrum bicolor Pearly-breasted conebill – Conirostrum margaritae Cinereous conebill – Conirostrum cinereum Tamarugo conebill – Conirostrum tamarugense White-browed conebill – Conirostrum ferrugineiventre Rufous-browed conebill – Conirostrum rufum Blue-backed conebill – Conirostrum sitticolor Capped conebill – Conirostrum albifrons Giant conebill – Conirostrum binghami (formerly Oreomanes fraseri)
File:Saffron finch (Sicalis flaveola) male.JPG	Sicalis Template:Small
File:Phrygilus punensis -near Cusco, Peru-8.jpg	Phrygilus Template:Small	Black-hooded sierra finch – Phrygilus atriceps Peruvian sierra finch – Phrygilus punensis Grey-hooded sierra finch – Phrygilus gayi Patagonian sierra finch – Phrygilus patagonicus
File:Nesospiza acunhae -Inaccessible Island-8.jpg	Nesospiza Template:Small	Inaccessible Island finch – Nesospiza acunhae Nightingale Island finch – Nesospiza questi Wilkins's finch – Nesospiza wilkinsi
File:Gough Bunting Male (cropped).JPG	Rowettia Template:Small	Gough finch – Rowettia goughensis
File:Yellow-bridled Finch (Melanodera xanthogramma) (15341916183).jpg	Melanodera Template:Small	White-bridled finch – Melanodera melanodera Yellow-bridled finch – Melanodera xanthogramma
File:Plumbeous Sierra-finch.jpg	Geospizopsis Template:Small	Plumbeous sierra finch – Geospizopsis unicolor Ash-breasted sierra finch – Geospizopsis plebejus
File:Haplospiza-rustica-002.jpg	Haplospiza Template:Small	Slaty finch – Haplospiza rustica Uniform finch – Haplospiza unicolor
File:Acanthidops bairdii - Peg-billed Finch - Poas Volcano, Costa Rica - 7-23-2012 - Brad Weinert (7984324459).jpg	Acanthidops Template:Small	Peg-billed finch – Acanthidops bairdi
File:Tit-like-dacnis.jpg	Xenodacnis Template:Small	Tit-like dacnis – Xenodacnis parina Streaked dacnis – Xenodacnis petersi
File:Phrygilus dorsalis Red-backed Sierra Finch (cropped).JPG	Idiopsar Template:Small	Red-backed sierra finch – Idiopsar dorsalis White-throated sierra finch – Idiopsar erythronotus Glacier finch – Idiopsar speculifer Boulder finch – Idiopsar brachyurus
File:Paramo seedeater.jpg	Catamenia Template:Small	Band-tailed seedeater – Catamenia analis Plain-colored seedeater – Catamenia inornata Paramo seedeater – Catamenia homochroa
File:Black flowerpiercer GC.jpg	Diglossa Template:Small

Thraupinae

Typical tanagers.

Image	Genus	Species
File:Calochaetes coccineus - Vermilion Tanager (cropped).jpg	Calochaetes Template:Small	Vermilion tanager – Calochaetes coccineus
File:Iridosornis rufivertex.jpg	Iridosornis Template:Small	Purplish-mantled tanager – Iridosornis porphyrocephalus Yellow-throated tanager – Iridosornis analis Golden-collared tanager – Iridosornis jelskii Golden-crowned tanager – Iridosornis rufivertex Yellow-scarfed tanager – Iridosornis reinhardti
File:Thraupis bonariensis -Piraju, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg	Rauenia Template:Small	Blue-and-yellow tanager – Rauenia bonariensis
File:Pipraeidea melanonota, Saíra-viúva, Fawn-breasted Tanager (cropped).jpg	Pipraeidea Template:Small	Fawn-breasted tanager – Pipraeidea melanonota
File:Rufous-bellied Saltator (Saltator rufiventris) (8077568246).jpg	Pseudosaltator Template:Small	Rufous-bellied mountain tanager – Pseudosaltator rufiventris
File:Dubusia taeniata Tangara diadema Buff-breasted Mountain-Tanager (8414444391).jpg	Dubusia Template:Small	Buff-breasted mountain tanager – Dubusia taeniata Carriker's mountain tanager – Dubusia carrikeri Streak-crowned mountain tanager – Dubusia stictocephala Chestnut-bellied mountain tanager – Dubusia castaneoventris
File:Buthraupis montana (Azulejo real) (16394162371).jpg	Buthraupis Template:Small	Hooded mountain tanager – Buthraupis montana
File:Thraupis cyanocephala -Parque Nacional El Avila, Caracas, Venezuela-8.jpg	Sporathraupis Template:Small	Blue-capped tanager – Sporathraupis cyanocephala
File:Masked Mountain-Tanager - Ecuador S4E4582 (23224210656).jpg	Tephrophilus Template:Small	Masked mountain tanager – Tephrophilus wetmorei
File:Chlorornis riefferii.jpg	Chlorornis Template:Small	Grass-green tanager – Chlorornis riefferii
File:Cnemathraupis aureodorsalis Golden-backed Mountain-tanager.jpg	Cnemathraupis Template:Small	Black-chested mountain tanager – Cnemathraupis eximia Golden-backed mountain tanager – Cnemathraupis aureodorsalis
File:Anisognathus igniventris by Francesco Veronesi.jpg	Anisognathus Template:Small	Santa Marta mountain tanager – Anisognathus melanogenys Lacrimose mountain tanager – Anisognathus lacrymosus Scarlet-bellied mountain tanager – Anisognathus igniventris Blue-winged mountain tanager – Anisognathus somptuosus Black-chinned mountain tanager – Anisognathus notabilis
File:Multicolored tanager chicoral.jpg	Chlorochrysa Template:Small	Glistening-green tanager – Chlorochrysa phoenicotis Orange-eared tanager – Chlorochrysa calliparaea Multicoloured tanager – Chlorochrysa nitidissima
File:Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron - Orange-throated Tanager (cropped).jpg	Wetmorethraupis Template:Small	Orange-throated tanager – Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron
File:Bangsia aureocincta by Franscesco Veronesi.jpg	Bangsia Template:Small	Blue-and-gold tanager – Bangsia arcaei Black-and-gold tanager – Bangsia melanochlamys Golden-chested tanager – Bangsia rothschildi Moss-backed tanager – Bangsia edwardsi Gold-ringed tanager – Bangsia aureocincta Yellow-green tanager – Bangsia flavovirens
File:Lophospingus pusillus en el Parque Nacional Teniente Enciso (cropped).jpg	Lophospingus Template:Small	Grey-crested finch – Lophospingus griseocristatus Black-crested finch – Lophospingus pusillus
File:Neothraupis fasciata - Shrike-like Tanager.JPG	Neothraupis Template:Small	Shrike-like tanager – Neothraupis fasciata
File:Diuca diuca diuca.jpg	Diuca Template:Small	Diuca finch – Diuca diuca
File:Gubernatrix cristata - Yellow cardinal (male); Iberá marshes, Corrientes, Argentina.jpg	Gubernatrix Template:Small	Yellow cardinal – Gubernatrix cristata
File:Cardenal Azul.JPG	Stephanophorus Template:Small	Diademed tanager – Stephanophorus diadematus
File:Magpie Tanager - Manu NP - Perù 8577 (22954466240).jpg	Cissopis Template:Small	Magpie tanager – Cissopis leverianus
File:Bico-de-veludo (Schistochlamys ruficapillus) no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra.jpg	Schistochlamys Template:Small	Cinnamon tanager – Schistochlamys ruficapillus Black-faced tanager – Schistochlamys melanopis
File:Paroaria coronata -Koke'e State Park, Hawaii, USA-8.jpg	Paroaria Template:Small	Red-crested cardinal – Paroaria coronata Red-cowled cardinal – Paroaria dominicana Red-capped cardinal – Paroaria gularis Masked cardinal – Paroaria nigrogenis Crimson-fronted cardinal – Paroaria baeri Yellow-billed cardinal – Paroaria capitata
File:Tangara punctata -captive-8a.jpg	Ixothraupis Template:Small	Dotted tanager – Ixothraupis varia Rufous-throated tanager – Ixothraupis rufigula Spotted tanager – Ixothraupis punctata Speckled tanager – Ixothraupis guttata Yellow-bellied tanager – Ixothraupis xanthogastra
File:Golden-naped tanager (47057750234).jpg	Chalcothraupis Template:Small	Golden-naped tanager – Chalcothraupis ruficervix
File:Poecilostreptus palmeri - Gray-and-gold Tanager (cropped).jpg	Poecilostreptus Template:Small	Azure-rumped tanager – Poecilostreptus cabanisi Grey-and-gold tanager – Poecilostreptus palmeri
File:Thraupis-episcopus-001.jpg	Thraupis Template:Small	Blue-grey tanager – Thraupis episcopus Glaucous tanager – Thraupis glaucocolpa Sayaca tanager – Thraupis sayaca Azure-shouldered tanager – Thraupis cyanoptera Golden-chevroned tanager – Thraupis ornata Blue-capped tanager – Thraupis cyanocephala Blue-and-yellow tanager – Thraupis bonariensis Darwin's tanager – T. b. darwinii Yellow-winged tanager – Thraupis abbas Palm tanager – Thraupis palmarum
File:Tangara heinei Tángara capirotada Black-capped Tanager (male) (10937083674).jpg	Stilpnia Template:Small
File:Tangara xanthocephala by Francesco Veronesi.jpg	Tangara Template:Small

Genera formerly placed in Thraupidae

Passerellidae – New World sparrows<ref name=barker2013>Template:Cite journal</ref>

• Chlorospingus – eight species - bush-tanagers
• Oreothraupis – tanager finch

Cardinalidae – cardinals<ref name=burns2003>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=klicka2007>Template:Cite journal</ref>

• Piranga – 9 species - northern tanagers
• Habia – five species - ant-tanagers or habias
• Chlorothraupis – three species
• Amaurospiza – four species

Fringillidae – subfamily Euphoniinae

• Euphonia – 27 species
• Chlorophonia – five species

Phaenicophilidae – Hispaniolan tanagers<ref name=barker2013/><ref name=barker2015>Template:Cite journal</ref>

• Microligea – green-tailed warbler
• Xenoligea – white-winged warbler
• Phaenicophilus – two species

Mitrospingidae – Mitrospingid tanagers<ref name=barker2013/>

• Mitrospingus – two species
• Orthogonys – olive-green tanager
• Lamprospiza – red-billed pied tanager

Nesospingidae

• Nesospingus – Puerto Rican tanager<ref name=barker2013/><ref name=barker2015/>

Spindalidae

• Spindalis – four species - spindalises<ref name=barker2013/><ref name=barker2015/>

Calyptophilidae

• Calyptophilus – two species - chat-tanagers<ref name=barker2013/><ref name=barker2015/>

Rhodinocichlidae

• Rhodinocichla – rosy thrush-tanager<ref name=barker2013/><ref name=barker2015/>

Further reading

• {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}

External links

• Jungle-walk.com tanager pictures
• Tanager videos, photos and sounds on the Internet Bird Collection
• Template:Cite NSRW