Hangul consonant and vowel tables

Template:Short description {{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Ambox }} The following tables of consonants and vowels (jamo) of the Korean alphabet (Hangul) display (in blue) the basic forms in the first row and their derivatives in the following row(s). They are divided into initials (leading consonants), vowels (middle), and finals tables (trailing consonants).

The jamo shown below are individually romanized according to the Revised Romanization of Hangeul (RR Transliteration), which is a system of transliteration rules between the Korean and Roman alphabets, originating from South Korea. However, the tables below are not sufficient for normal transcription of the Korean language as the overarching Revised Romanization of Korean system takes contextual sound changes into account.

Leading consonants

Called choseong, or "initials", there are 19 initial consonants, whereof one (ㅇ) is silent, and five (ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ) are doubled:

Basic jamo	Hangul	ㄱ	ㄴ	ㄷ	ㄹ	ㅁ	ㅂ	ㅅ	ㅇ	ㅈ	ㅊ	ㅋ	ㅌ	ㅍ	ㅎ
	Roman	g/k	n	d	r/l	m	b	s	-/ng	j	ch	k	t	p	h
Composite	Hangul	ㄲ		ㄸ			ㅃ	ㅆ		ㅉ
	Roman	gg/kk		tt			bb/pp	ss		jj

Medial vowels

Called jungseong, or "vowels", there are 21 medial vowels:

		Basic form							+e/i
Basic jamo	Hangul	ㅏ	ㅓ	ㅗ	ㅜ	ㅡ	ㅣ		ㅐ	ㅔ	ㅢ
	Roman	a	eo	o	u	eu	i		ae	e	ui
y+	Hangul	ㅑ	ㅕ	ㅛ	ㅠ				ㅒ	ㅖ
	Roman	ya	yeo	yo	yu				yae	ye
w+	Hangul	ㅘ	ㅝ				ㅚ	ㅟ	ㅙ	ㅞ
	Roman	wa	wo				oe	wi	wae	we

Trailing consonants

Called jongseong, or "finals", there are 27 final consonants; with the additional case of no final consonant, there is a total of 28 possibilities:

Basic jamo	Hangul	ㄱ	ㄴ	ㄷ	ㄹ	ㅁ	ㅂ	ㅅ	ㅇ	ㅈ	ㅊ	ㅋ	ㅌ	ㅍ	ㅎ
	Roman	g	n	d	r/l	m	b	s	ng	j	ch	k	t	p	h
Composite	Hangul	ㄲ	ㄵ		ㄺ		ㅄ	ㅆ
	Roman	kk	nj		lg		bs	ss
	Hangul	ㄳ	ㄶ		ㄻ
	Roman	gs	nh		lm
	Hangul				ㄼ
	Roman				lb
	Hangul				ㄽ
	Roman				ls
	Hangul				ㄾ
	Roman				lt
	Hangul				ㄿ
	Roman				lp
	Hangul				ㅀ
	Roman				lh

Collation

Several collation sequences are used to order words (like alphabetical sorting). The North and South differ on (a) the treatment of composite jamo consonants in syllable-leading (choseong) and -trailing (jongseong) position, and (b) on the treatment of composite jamo vowels in syllable-medial (jungseong) position.

This first sequence is official in South Korea (and is the basic binary order of codepoints in Unicode):

South Korean collation

Principle	Sort every composite jamo grouped after their leading single jamo
Initial consonants	ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
Vowels	ㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ ㅗ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅛ ㅜ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅠ ㅡ ㅢ ㅣ
Final consonants	ㄱ ㄲ ㄳ ㄴ ㄵ ㄶ ㄷ ㄹ ㄺ ㄻ ㄼ ㄽ ㄾ ㄿ ㅀ ㅁ ㅂ ㅄ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ

Sequences of this second type are common in North Korea:

North Korean collation

Principle	Initial consonants: All single jamo (except ieung ㅇ) before all doubled jamo; ieung after the doubled jamo Vowels: All single jamo before all composite jamo; for composite jamo, all digraphs before all trigraphs; for digraphs, the ones ending in ㅣ precede others. Final consonants: Doubled jamo after single and composite jamo
Initial consonants	ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ ㅇ
Vowels	ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅚ ㅟ ㅢ ㅘ ㅝ ㅙ ㅞ
Final consonants	ㄱ ㄳ ㄴ ㄵ ㄶ ㄷ ㄹ ㄺ ㄻ ㄼ ㄽ ㄾ ㄿ ㅀ ㅁ ㅂ ㅄ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄲ ㅆ

Letter names

Consonants

Consonant		South Korean name
Hangul	Romanized	Hangul	Romanized
lang}}	g	lang}}	giyeok
lang}}	kk	lang}}	ssanggiyeok
lang}}	n	lang}}	nieun
lang}}	d	lang}}	digeut
lang}}	tt	lang}}	ssangdigeut
lang}}	r, l	lang}}	rieul
lang}}	m	lang}}	mieum
lang}}	b	lang}}	bieup
lang}}	pp	lang}}	ssangbieup
lang}}	s	lang}}	siot
lang}}	ss	lang}}	ssangsiot
lang}}	-, -ng	lang}}	ieung
lang}}	j	lang}}	jieut
lang}}	jj	lang}}	ssangjieut
lang}}	ch	lang}}	chieut
lang}}	k	lang}}	kieuk
lang}}	t	lang}}	tieut
lang}}	p	lang}}	pieup
lang}}	h	lang}}	hieut

* Consonant names in the 15th century seem to have ended in a vowel (without adding the last consonant repeating a shortened version of the initial), judging from 1451 Hunmin Jeongeum Eonhae's forms such as "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}", which may have been pronounced geuneun.

Vowels

The "names" of the vowels are given according to the sound they make (their pronunciation). To be technical, the silent consonant would be added before the sound (e.g., ㅏ becomes 아).

Hangul syllables

Template:Redirect Template:See also With 19 possible initial consonants, 21 possible medial (one- or two-letter) vowels, and 28 possible final consonants (of which one corresponds to the case of no final consonant), there are a total of Template:Math theoretically possible "Korean syllable letters" (Template:Korean) which are contiguously encoded in the 11,172 Unicode code points from U+AC00 (Decimal: Template:Base) through U+D7A3 (Decimal: Template:Base= 44,032 + 11,171) within the Hangul Syllables Unicode block. However, the majority of these theoretically possible syllables do not correspond to syllables found in actual Korean words or proper names.

Jump to tables with initial letter: {{#invoke:Hangul|TOC}} {{#invoke:Hangul|all_syllables}}

See also

• Korean alphabet
• List of Hangul jamo