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The Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force (TTDF) is the military organisation responsible for the defence of the twin-island Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. It consists of the Trinidad and Tobago Regiment, the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard, the Trinidad and Tobago Air Guard and the Defence Force Reserves.
Each of the three component services of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force is responsible for a different role and domain. The Trinidad and Tobago Regiment is responsible for land operations, the Air Guard is responsible for air operations, and the Coast Guard is responsible for maritime operations. It simultaneously acts as a law enforcement agency.
OrganisationEdit
Established in 1962 after Trinidad and Tobago's independence from the United Kingdom, the TTDF is one of the largest Military forces in the English-speaking Caribbean. Its mission statement is to "defend the sovereign good of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, contribute to the development of the national community and support the State in the fulfillment of its national and international objectives". The Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force is made up of four distinct arms; The Regiment/"Army" (TTR), the Coast Guard (TTCG), the Air Guard (TTAG) and the Defence Force Reserves (TTDFR), which all fall under the authority of the Ministry of National Security. The TTDF has the world's only Military steelband.
The Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force (TTDF) comprises 5,622 uniformed personnel, 1 permanent, 35 contracted, and 156 daily paid civilian staff. The President of Trinidad and Tobago is the Commander-in-Chief, while the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) is responsible for the TTDF's operational use, subject to the Minister of National Security's directions as outlined in Section 191(2) of the Defence Act, Chapter 14:01.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The Commander in Chief of the Defence Force is the country's President, Christine Kangaloo. The current Minister of Defence is Wayne Sturge.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The current Chief of Defence Staff is Air Vice Marshall Darryl Daniel, who replaced Rear Admiral Hayden Pritchard upon his retirement on 25 March 2019.
The CDS leads the Defence Force Headquarters, supported by the VCDS and the Commanding Officers of the TTDF's four formations.<ref name=":0" /> The TTDF Headquarters includes administrative and operational units.
Administration provides support services such as Human Resource Management, Finance, and Registry. Key roles include:
- Chief of Defence Staff (CDS): Responsible for strategic direction, operational control, and overall management.
- Vice Chief of Defence Staff (VCDS): Coordinates staff activities and assists the CDS in achieving the Force's operational mandate.
- Information Systems: Manages the Force's computer hardware and software.
- Public Relations Department: Coordinates public relations and manages public affairs.
- Staff Judge Advocate: Handles legal matters for the Force.
- Inspector General: Investigates policies and procedures related to the Force's mission.
- Force Development Strategy and Management: Develops, maintains, and integrates capabilities and training for Defence Force personnel.
- Strategic Logistics: Plans and executes the movement, supply, and maintenance of resources.
- Human Resources Department: Manages personnel readiness, monitors human resource management, and provides related policies and services.
- Finance Department: Facilitates budget planning, preparation, and manages all financial matters.
Operations utilizes a Joint/United Staff System with the following components:
- Directors and Military Attachés: Integrate the Force's operational management with national security priorities.
- Intelligence Department: Collects data and generates intelligence for Force activities.
- Operations Department: Coordinates all operations within the Force.
- Unit Command and Administration Services: Coordinates supply, maintenance, transportation, and service functions.
- Medical Department: Provides technical medical advice to Command and medical services to Force members.
Regiment (Army)Edit
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The Trinidad and Tobago Regiment (TTR) is the main ground force element of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force. It has approximately 3000 men and women, organized into four battalions and a Regiment Headquarters. The regiment has two primary roles: maintaining the internal security of Trinidad and Tobago and support to civil law enforcement. The current Commanding Officer is Colonel Keston Charles.
Also, as one of the larger military forces in the region, the Trinidad and Tobago Regiment is also one of the main units used in peacekeeping and humanitarian situations from the Caribbean region.
Although it is called the Trinidad & Tobago Regiment, the TTR is in fact structured more like a light infantry brigade, with a pair of infantry battalions, plus engineering and logistic support units:
1st Battalion (Infantry), Trinidad and Tobago Regiment: This is a light infantry battalion. It is located at Camp Ogden, Long Circular Road, St James.
2nd Battalion (Infantry), Trinidad and Tobago Regiment: This is also a light infantry battalion. Formerly located at Camp Mausica, since then it has been relocated to the Chaguaramas Heliport and La Romain.
3rd Battalion (1st Engineer Battalion): This provides engineering support, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. It is located at Camp Cumuto, Wallerfield.
4th Battalion (Support and Service Battalion): This provides logistic and administrative support for the regiment. It is located at the Teteron Barracks, Teteron Bay, Chaguaramas.
The Regiment also maintains a Camp Omega, at Chaguaramas, which is used primarily for infantry training.
Special ForcesEdit
Trinidad and Tobago has a unique and highly trained group of special forces that is tasked to fulfill counter narcotics and counter terrorism operations. Soldiers are sent to the United States or the United Kingdom for their training. Their motto is "To Find a Way." There is also a secret elite branch of the TTCG, their name is Special Naval Unit (SNU).
Coast GuardEdit
The Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard is the seagoing branch of the TTDF which was established on 1 June 1962 and commissioned into service less than 3 months later on 27 August 1962. The Coast Guard consists of a number of vessels designated CG<number>. The current Commanding Officer is Captain Don Polo.
Its mission statements is "To Defend the Sovereign Good of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago and to provide on a continuous basis, quality service for security and safety within the Maritime Boundaries, and in any other area of responsibility agreed to by the State to fulfill its International Obligations".
Its motto is "Service Before Self".
The Coast Guard is primarily involved with Drug Trade interdiction as well as Search and Rescue within the waters of Trinidad and Tobago and neighbouring Islands.<ref name=TrinidadExpress2017-03-02/> However, the Coast Guard has been involved in major incidents. During the 1970 Army Mutiny in Trinidad and Tobago, the Coast Guard prevented the mutineers from convoying to Port of Spain by firing on an access road from the Regiment base at Teteron Barracks in Chaguaramas. The Coast Guard also played a role during the 1990 Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attempt, providing logistical and naval support to the ground forces of the Regiment, posted outside the besieged city limits.
National Roles of the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard include:
- Surveillance of the Waters under T & T Jurisdiction
- Logistical Support to T & T Land Forces
- Port Security (ISPS Code)
- Assistance in Scientific Research
- Aid to Civil Law Enforcement
- Anti-Smuggling / Counter-Narcotic Operations (MOF)
- Fisheries Protection and Enforcement (MAL&MR)
- Pollution Surveillance and Enforcement (MPU&E)
- Safety of Shipping (MOW&T)
Operational Tasks
- Keeping surveillance of the nation's off-shore installations
- Environmental protection, minor salvage and local maritime surveys
- Cooperating with other naval forces.
FleetEdit
Between 2001 and 2016 the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard fleet included TTS Nelson, an Template:Sclass2 purchased from the Royal Navy.<ref name=Nelson>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In April 2007, the Coast Guard contracted for three offshore patrol vessels from VT Shipbuilding (later BAE Systems Surface Ships) in Portsmouth, England. Construction of the Template:Sclasss Port of Spain, Scarborough and San Fernando suffered significant delays and, in September 2010, though substantially complete, the Government of Trinidad and Tobago cancelled the order.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Brazilian Navy acquired all three ships as their Template:Sclasss.
On 29 April 2015 the Ministry of National Security placed orders with the Dutch company Damen Shipbuilders for four Template:Convert Template:Convert coastal patrol vessels, two Template:Convert fast utility boats and six Template:Convert Template:Convert interceptors.<ref name=MNS>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=TEN>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="damen">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In August 2018, the government contracted with Austal to build two Template:Sclass2s at Henderson, Western Australia, scheduled for delivery in mid-2020.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The two vessels, Port of Spain and Scarborough were delivered to the TTCG in May 2021.<ref name="NewsdayAustal">Template:Cite news</ref>
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| Vessel | Hull No. | Origin | Shipbuilder | In service | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offshore patrol vessels | ||||||
| TTS Nelson<ref name="Nelson"/> | CG 20 | United Kingdom | Hall, Russell | 2001-2016 | former Template:HMS | |
| TTS Nelson II | CG 60 | China | 2015- | former Chinese surveillance vessel<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |
| TTS Port of Spain | CG 41 | Australia | Austal | 2021- | Template:Sclass2 | |
| TTS Scarborough | CG 42 | Australia | Austal | 2021- | Cape class | |
| Coastal patrol vessels | ||||||
| citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
CG 11 | Australia | Austal | Scarlet Ibis class | |
| TTS Hibiscus<ref name="High Speed Caribbean Patrol Boats Completed"/> | CG 12 | Australia | Austal | Scarlet Ibis class | ||
| TTS Humming Bird<ref name="High Speed Caribbean Patrol Boats Completed"/> | CG 13 | Australia | Austal | Scarlet Ibis class | ||
| TTS Chanonia<ref name="High Speed Caribbean Patrol Boats Completed"/> | CG 14 | Australia | Austal | Scarlet Ibis class | ||
| TTS Poui<ref name="High Speed Caribbean Patrol Boats Completed"/> | CG 15 | Australia | Austal | Scarlet Ibis class | ||
| TTS Teak<ref name="High Speed Caribbean Patrol Boats Completed"/> | CG 16 | Australia | Austal | Scarlet Ibis class | ||
| citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
CG 25 | Netherlands | Damen | Damen Stan Patrol 5009 | |
| TTS Quinam<ref name="GMC"/> | CG 26 | Netherlands | Damen | Stan Patrol 5009 | ||
| TTS Moruga<ref name="GMC"/> | CG 27 | Netherlands | Damen | Stan Patrol 5009 | ||
| TTS Carli Bay<ref name="GMC"/> | CG 28 | Netherlands | Damen | Stan Patrol 5009 | ||
| Support vessels | ||||||
| citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
CG 23 | Netherlands | Damen | 2015- | Damen Stan Patrol 5009 |
| TTS Brighton<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | CG 24 | Netherlands | Damen | Stan Patrol 5009; referred to as La Brea during construction<ref name="JamObs"/> | ||
Air GuardEdit
The Air Wing of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence force was formed on 15 February 1966, and was initially part of the Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard and was called the Air Wing of the Coast Guard or the Air Wing. In 1977, it was separated as its own entity. In 2005 it was renamed the Trinidad & Tobago Air Guard (TTAG). Its bases are at Piarco International Airport, Crown Point International Airport, and the Heliport at Chaguaramas. Its purposes are to protect and patrol Trinidad and Tobago's airspace, and is also used for transport, search and rescue, and liaison. The current commander of the Air Guard is Group Captain Kemba Hannays, who took over from Kester Weekes, in a promotion and appointment ceremony on July 10, 2023. Group Captain Weekes took command of the unit in 2019, succeeding then-Air Commodore Daryl Daniel upon his promotion to Chief of Defence Staff in March 2019.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
AircraftEdit
Current inventoryEdit
| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Variant | In service | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maritime patrol | ||||||
| C-26B Metro | United States | Maritime patrol | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
||
| Helicopters | ||||||
| AgustaWestland AW139 | Italy | Utility / SAR | 4<ref name="4copter"/> | |||
Its former fleet of aircraft included: One Cessna 337 (O-2A) Skymaster (1966–1972), One Cessna 402 Utililiner (1972–1998), four Aérospatiale Gazelle (1973–1995), One Cessna 172 Skyhawk (1991–1998), Two Piper Navajo 2000–2009, One Cessna 310 1985-2011
Four Agusta Westland AW139 helicopters were intended to be used for surveillance and reconnaissance missions related to search and rescue, border patrol and drug interdiction. Due to lack of funding for maintenance, all helicopters were grounded since 2017.<ref name="4copter">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In December 2020, The Minister of National Security announced that one AW139 is back up in the air.<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref>
The Minister of National Security announced that the establishment of a military airfield, construction of an operations/administrative building at the Piarco Air Station and new helicopters would be purchased to equip the Air Guard. The minister also promised training from various international bodies. Cabinet agreed to the change of rank designations from naval to the corresponding aviation designations and the creation of 66 ranks on the establishment of the Air Guard.
Defence Force ReservesEdit
The Defence Force Reserves, previously called the Volunteer Defence Force, are the non-active duty arm of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force. Its mission statement is "To be a highly professional, well-trained combat-ready force that will respond effectively in support of our regular forces and the national community". The Defence Force Reserves are capable of providing reinforcement and be a force multiplier in the event that the Defence Force is called upon to carry out its roles of aid to the civil power. Established in September 1963, its primary purpose at that time was to provide essential reinforcements to the regular force. Today, those roles have grown to include assisting in the promotion of hemispheric and international security and development, with a well-equipped force, trained in a broad range of disciplines and actively involved in community development. In recent years, the Reserves have been called out to assist with law enforcement and most recently to assist with the security in Trinidad's hosting of the 5th Summit of the Americas in 2009.
RanksEdit
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National AwardsEdit
See also: Orders, decorations, and medals of Trinidad and Tobago
| Year | Award | Receipent | Position | Category | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1969 | The Public Service Medal of Merit Gold | Colonel Stanley Johnson | Commander of the Defence Force | Defence | ||
| 1970 | The Public Service Medal of Merit Silver | Captain David Bloom | Commanding Officer, Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard | Defence | ||
| 1970 | The Public Service Medal of Merit Silver | Lt. Commander Mervyn Williams | Officer, Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard | Defence | ||
| 1970 | The Public Service Medal of Merit Gold | Brigadier Joffre C.H. Serrette - M.B.E., C.V.O. | Commander of the Defence Force and Military Adviser to the Prime Minister | Defence | ||
| 1971 | The Public Service Medal of Merit Gold | Captain David Bloom | Commanding Officer, Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard | Defence | ||
| 1978 | The Trinity Cross | Brigadier Joffre Charles Harold Serrette - M.O.M., C.V.O., M.B.E., E.D. | Commanding Officer of Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force | Public Service | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| 1978 | The Public Service Medal of Merit Gold | Commander Mervyn Oliver Williams | Commanding Officer, Coast Guard | Public Service | ||
| 1979 | The Hummingbird Medal Gold | Lieutenant-Commander Anthony Franklin | Captain, T.T.S. Chaguaramas | Coast Guard Duty | ||
| 1979 | The Hummingbird Medal Gold | Lieutenant-Commander Curtis Roach | Squadron Commander | Coast Guard Duty | ||
| 1980 | The Trinity Cross | Commander Mervyn Williams - M.O.M. | Chief of Defence Staff | Defence | ||
| 1989 | The Public Service Medal of Merit Gold | Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard | Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force Unit | Public Service | ||
| 1989 | The Public Service Medal of Merit Gold | Commander Jack Eugene Williams E.D. | Commanding Officer, Coast Guard (Retired) | Distinguished Service in the Defence Force and in the Community | ||
| 1991 | The Trinity Cross | The Regiment of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force | Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force Unit | The Preservation of Democracy and Constitutional Government | ||
| 2015 | The Hummingbird Medal Bronze | Sub Lieutenant Edric Hargreaves | Military Officer, Trinidad & Tobago Defence Force (Coast Guard) | Bravery/Gallantry | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| 2015 | The Hummingbird Medal Bronze | Private Fernando Smith | Soldier, Trinidad & Tobago Defence Force (Regiment) | Bravery/Gallantry | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> |
| 2019 | The Chaconia Medal Gold | Major General Ralph Brown (Retired) | Former Chief of Defence Staff | Public Service | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| 2019 | The Hummingbird Medal Bronze | Mr. Jeremy Lewis | Coast Guard | Gallantry | <ref name=":3" /> | |
| 2021 | The Public Service Medal of Merit Gold | Captain Kent Moore [Posthumously] | Retired Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force Officer | Public Service (National Security) | ||
| 2022 | The Public Service Medal of Merit Gold | Major General (Retired) Kenrick Maharaj | Chief of Defence Staff | Defence and National Security | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| 2022 | The Public Service Medal of Merit Gold | Major General (Retired) Rodney Smart | Chief Executive Officer, Office of Disaster Preparedness and Management | Defence and National Security | <ref name=":4" /> | |
| 2022 | The Public Service Medal of Merit Gold | Rear Admiral (Retired) Hayden Pritchard | Consultant | Defence and Security | <ref name=":4" /> | |
| 2024 | The Chaconia Medal Gold | Lieutenant Colonel A.R. Norris Baden- Semper (Retired) | Retired Defence Force Officer | Public Service | ||
| 2024 | The Hummingbird Medal Silver | Major Edouard Wade (Retired) | Retired Defence Force Officer | Music and Culture |
See AlsoEdit
- Chief of Defence Staff (Trinidad and Tobago)
- Naval Base Trinidad
- Waller Air Force Base
- Carlsen Air Force Base
- Trinidad and Tobago Police Service
- Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago
References and linksEdit
External linksEdit
- Ministry of National Security TTDF page Ministry of National Security TTDF page
- Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force Official site
- TTDF Facebook
- Ministry of National Security: special publications
- Template:CIA World Factbook
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