Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox person John Wallace Walker (May 16, 1949 – February 2, 2024) was an American computer programmer, author and co-founder of the computer-aided design software company Autodesk. He was later recognized for his writing on his website Fourmilab.
Early projectsEdit
Walker was born in Baltimore, Maryland on May 16, 1949.<ref name="obit" /> He studied electrical engineering at Case Western Reserve University.<ref name = obit/> In 1974/1975, Walker wrote the ANIMAL software, which self-replicated on UNIVAC 1100 machines. It is considered one of the first computer viruses.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Walker also founded the hardware integration manufacturing company Marinchip.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Among other things, Marinchip pioneered the translation of numerous computer language compilers to Intel platforms.Template:Citation needed
AutodeskEdit
In 1982, John Walker and 12 other programmers pooled US$59,000 to start Autodesk, and began working on several computer applications.<ref name=mark>Template:Cite news</ref> The first completed was AutoCAD,<ref name="MM">Template:Cite news</ref> a software application for computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> AutoCAD had begun life as Interact,<ref name="3dcadworld/ancestor">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="michaelriddle/myself">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a CAD program, written by programmer Michael Riddle<ref name="digibarn/Riddle">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in a proprietary language. Walker and Riddle rewrote the program, and established a profit-sharing agreement for any product derived from InteractCAD. Walker subsequently paid Riddle US$10 million for all the rights.Template:Citation needed
The company went public in 1985. By mid-1986, the company had grown to 255 employees with annual sales of over $40 million.<ref name="MM" /> That year, Walker resigned as chairman and president of the company, continuing to work as a programmer.<ref name=mark /> In 1989, Walker's book, The Autodesk File, was published.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It describes his experiences at Autodesk, based around internal documents (particularly email) of the company.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Walker moved to Switzerland in 1991. By 1994, when he resigned from the company, it was the sixth-largest personal computer software company in the world, primarily from the sales of AutoCAD. Walker owned more than 850,000 shares of Autodesk at the time of his departure, worth about $45.8 million at the time ($Template:Inflation adjusted for inflation).<ref name=mark />
FourmilabEdit
He published on his personal domain, "Fourmi Lab", designed to be a play on Fermilab and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, French for “ant”, one of his early interests.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On his Web site, Walker published about his personal projects, including a hardware random number generator called HotBits, along with software that he wrote and freely distributed, such as his Earth and Moon viewer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Another notable book was called The Hacker's Diet.
The digital imprimaturEdit
Among other things, he is noted for a frequently cited article entitled The Digital Imprimatur: How big brother and big media can put the Internet genie back in the bottle, an article about Internet censorship written in 2003.<ref>"Digital Imprimatur in a Nutshell", Donna Wentworth and Fred von Lohmann, Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved April 7, 2004.</ref><ref name=Milberry-2008>"The digital imprimatur and the right to read", M. Kathleen Milberry, Geeks & Global Justice, April 23, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2014.</ref> It was published in the magazine Knowledge, Technology & Policy.<ref name=DI>John Walker (2003), "The Digital Imprimatur: How big brother and big media can put the Internet genie back in the bottle" Template:Webarchive, Knowledge, Technology & Policy, Volume 16, Issue 3 (Fall 2003), Springer, pages 24-77, {{#if:0897-1986|Template:Catalog lookup link{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|Template:Error-small}} (print), {{#if:1874-6314|Template:Catalog lookup link{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|Template:Error-small}} (online), {{#invoke:doi|main}}. Retrieved August 11, 2014.</ref> In the article, Walker argues that there is increasing pressure limiting the ability for Internet users to voice their ideas, as well as predicting further Internet censorship. Walker said that the most likely candidate to usher what he calls "the digital imprimatur" is digital rights management, or DRM.<ref name=DI />
Personal life and deathEdit
Walker married Roxie Smail in 1973.<ref name="obit" /> They moved to Switzerland in 1991.<ref name="obit" /> He died of head injuries sustained after a fall on February 2, 2024, in Neuchâtel, Switzerland, at the age of 74.<ref name="obit">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In popular cultureEdit
Walker's interest in artificial life prompted him to hire Rudy Rucker, a mathematician and science fiction author, for work on cellular automata software. Rucker later drew from his experience at Autodesk in Silicon Valley for his novel The Hacker and the Ants, in which one of the characters is loosely based on John Walker.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>