Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox musical artist
Suffocation is an American death metal band formed in 1988 in Centereach, New York, currently consisting of lead guitarist Terrance Hobbs, bassist Derek Boyer, rhythm guitarist Charlie Errigo, drummer Eric Morotti, and vocalist Ricky Myers. The band rose to prominence with their 1991 debut album Effigy of the Forgotten, which became a blueprint for death metal in the 1990s. Since then, Suffocation has recorded eight albums. These feature growled vocals with downtuned guitars, fast and complex guitar riffs and drumming, open chord notes and occasional breakdowns.
HistoryEdit
Early years (1988–1990)Edit
Suffocation was formed in 1988 in Long Island, New York, by vocalist Frank Mullen, guitarists Guy Marchais and Todd German, bassist Josh Barohn, and a drummer whose name has not been disclosed. By 1990, the band had replaced their founding members with hired guitarists Terrance Hobbs and Doug Cerrito along with drummer Mike Smith, who were members of a local band called Mortuary, which had already disbanded. The quintet was mainly influenced by fellow American death metal bands as well as Britain's Napalm Death and Brazil's Sepultura. Suffocation would be unique among the death metal community for featuring African-American musicians in their lineup, with Smith commenting on meeting Hobbs for the first time: "That's where I first noticed, 'Wow, there's another black guy playing this kind of stuff.'"<ref name="DecibelNo055">Template:Cite journal</ref> They signed a contract with Relapse Records in 1990, becoming one of the first three bands to sign onto the newly founded label alongside Incantation and Deceased.
Human Waste and Effigy of the Forgotten (1991–1992)Edit
Template:Main article The band's first EP, Human Waste, was released through Relapse Records in 1991. The first full-length debut album, Effigy of the Forgotten, was recorded by producer Scott Burns at Morrisound Studios in Tampa, Florida and released by Roadrunner Records in 1991. The album took a week to produce, and was recorded on a budget of $5,000.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> Hobbs said of the experience, "To know that Deicide, Death, Morbid Angel and all those bands were in that studio was a super amazing experience [...] Florida was a big thing; that was like our Mecca. For us to go down to Morrisound, recording with Scott Burns, an amazing engineer, was just unbelievable."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Though it initially received mixed reviews from critics,<ref name=":0" /> Effigy of the Forgotten would later gain acclaim and become greatly influential in extreme metal music,<ref name="DecibelNo055" /><ref name="Allmusic bio">John Bush, [{{#ifeq: yes | yes | https://www.allmusic.com/artist/suffocation-mn0000491174{{
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}} Suffocation], AllMusic.</ref> influencing the technical death metal<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and slam death metal genres.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 2004, the album was voted as the 342nd greatest metal album of all time in Martin Popoff's book of The Top 500 Heavy Metal Albums of All Time.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In July 1991, founding bassist John Barohn was replaced by Chris Richards (ex Apparition/Sorrow), leaving the band to join Autopsy.
The band toured the US in 1992 and 1993 to support the album. One of the earliest tours included Vader, Dismember and Defiance. On July 16, 1992, the band travelled to Detroit, Michigan and played what was described as a "spot show" with Brutal Truth, Pungent Stench, Incantation and Exhorder. Terrance Hobbs recalled: "I think we got a lot of momentum by [going] out there to play. That’s why you saw us playing together all the time. We’d get brought out there all the time. We played a lot of gigs back then, but it was spotty. It wasn’t until ’96 that we really started to tour, but we broke up two years later."<ref>https://www.decibelmagazine.com/2021/10/08/suffocation-death-metal/</ref>
Breeding the Spawn, Pierced from Within, and hiatus (1993–1995)Edit
Template:Main article In 1993, the sophomore album Breeding the Spawn was released, its production and mixing being a key weak point that would be immediately harshly criticized. Originally, the band was due to return to Morrisound and record the album with Scott Burns, but Roadrunner was unwilling to fund the album properly and refused to pay for the studio time, forcing them to record elsewhere. After this album, drummer Mike Smith left the band, the situation with the recording process for this album being a major reason for him leaving the band, and was replaced by Doug Bohn.<ref name="Allmusic bio" /><ref name="MySpace">Suffocation history at official Suffocation Myspace.</ref> Tracks of Breeding the Spawn would be re-recorded in future Suffocation releases.
The 1995 release Pierced from Within, which received better production than the previous release,<ref name="Allmusic PFW">Leslie Mathew, [{{#ifeq: yes | yes | https://www.allmusic.com/album/pierced-from-within-mw0000175062{{
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}} Pierced from Within], AllMusic.</ref> was followed by extensive tours in Europe, Canada, Mexico and the United States. In 1998, Suffocation released the EP Despise the Sun via Vulture Records and disbanded soon after. The EP was re-released later in 2000 and 2002 by Relapse Records.<ref name="Allmusic bio" />
Reunion and later years (2003–present)Edit
Mullen and Hobbs reformed in 2003 with Smith, returning founding members Guy Marchais on guitar, and Josh Barohn on bass. Barohn would not last long, and left the band soon. Suffocation would then hire bassist Derek Boyer of the bands Deeds of Flesh and Decrepit Birth. In April 2004, Relapse Records released Souls to Deny. After the band played more than 400 shows in the United States and Europe including the Wacken Festival in Germany, playing to over 33,000 fans, Suffocation released their self-titled album, Suffocation, in 2006.<ref name=MySpace/> In 2007, the band was featured in The History Channel's promotional video for The Dark Ages documentary, playing the song "Bind, Torture, Kill".<ref name="auto">Suffocation: New Audio Interview with Frank Mullen Posted Online – Feb. 7, 2007 Template:Webarchive, Blabbermouth.net.</ref>
In 2008, the band signed to the German Nuclear Blast Records<ref name=MySpace/><ref>Suffocation Frontman Talks New Album – Mar. 30, 2009, Blabbermouth.net.</ref> and released their album Blood Oath in 2009.<ref name=MySpace/> The album charted on the US Billboard 200 at number 135.<ref>Suffocation's 'Blood Oath' Lands on Billboard Chart – July 22, 2009 Template:Webarchive, Blabbermouth.net.</ref> In 2009, Relapse released the live album entitled Close of a Chapter—Live in Québec City, that was previously self-released by the band in 2005.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Scott Alisoglu, The Close of a Chapter: Live in Quebec City Template:Webarchive, Blabbermouth.net.</ref> The release of a documentary film Legacy of Violence was set for 2010, but has since been delayed.<ref name=roadrunnerrecords.com>Suffocation: 'Legacy of Violence' DVD Preview Available – Jan. 8, 2010 Template:Webarchive, Blabbermouth.net.</ref> In May 2010, Suffocation toured with Napalm Death in South America and Mexico.<ref>Suffocation Announces Mexico/South America Tour with Napalm Death – Oct. 26, 2009 Template:Webarchive, Blabbermouth.net.</ref> In February 2012, Smith left the band again, to be replaced by the returning Dave Culross.<ref>Suffocation Confirms Split With Drummer Mike Smith, Taps Dave Culross As Permanent Replacement . Blabbermouth.net.</ref>
In 2012, the band was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame and released Pinnacle of Bedlam in February 2013.<ref>Suffocation: New Album Details Revealed – Sep. 20, 2012, Blabbermouth.net.</ref> Since after the release of Pinnacle of Bedlam in 2013, vocalist Frank Mullen announced that he will retire from full-time touring with the band due to his new job. He has since been replaced by various live vocal stand ins, including Bill Robinson, John Gallagher, Kevin Muller, and, currently, Ricky Myers.
In January 2015, Suffocation began making posts revealing that they were in the process of recording demos for a new album with a potential release date of late 2015.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In April 2016, the ensemble toured with Soulfly, Abnormality, Battlecross and Lody Kong.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The new album's name was revealed as ...Of the Dark Light and was released on June 9, 2017. Later in 2017, Kevin Muller, who had previously been a touring member, joined the band full-time alongside longtime vocalist Frank Mullen leading the two to share vocal duties on the last album. He subsequently stepped down at the end of the year and was replaced by a returning Myers in 2018. On March 12, 2018, it was announced that Frank Mullen would do one more tour with Suffocation before officially retiring from the band.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They were joined by Cattle Decapitation and Krisiun on this tour.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On January 15, 2019, it was announced that Mullen would return in June 2019 for a final tour of Japan.Template:Cn
On September 12, 2023, the band announced their ninth album, Hymns from the Apocrypha, would be released on November 3.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The album won the Album Of The Month designation at Metallian. The band began touring in support of the new release immediately.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Suffocation is scheduled to tour Europe in the summer of 2025. Stops on the tour include festival dates such as Brutal Assault and Summer Breeze Open Air.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Musical style, influences and legacyEdit
Suffocation are considered by many to be one of the pioneers of technical death metal.<ref name="TDM">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="decibelmagazine.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Lead guitarist Terrance Hobbs shared his view on the subgenre's development, recalling "As bands started to get progressively faster, our ears really liked that [...] Going from thrash like Slayer, Destruction and Metallica to us was natural. We just wanted to go faster and faster."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The band's sound has also been said to contain elements of brutal death metal, thrash metal, speed metal, and grindcore. Guitarists Doug Cerrito and Terrance Hobbs have been referred to as "the guitar duo from hell," drawing comparisons to Kerry King and Jeff Hanneman of Slayer.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Suffocation uses "outrageously guttural vocals with a bottom-heavy guitar foundation, blistering speed, unparalleled brutality and sophisticated sense of songwriting, complex time changes and lead and rhythm guitar acrobatics"<ref name="Allmsuic EOTF">Eduardo Rivadavia, [{{#ifeq: yes | yes | https://www.allmusic.com/album/effigy-of-the-forgotten-mw0000083653{{
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}} Effigy of the Forgotten], AllMusic.</ref> and occasional slam riffs and breakdowns.<ref name="DecibelNo059">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Effigy of the Forgotten, a turning point... The Omega</ref>
With their debut album, Effigy of the Forgotten (1991), Suffocation rose to prominence in death metal and created a blueprint for the genre for the 1990s,<ref name="Allmsuic EOTF"/><ref>Eduardo Rivadavia, [{{#ifeq: yes | yes | https://www.allmusic.com/album/breeding-the-spawn-mw0000112444{{
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}} Breeding the Spawn], AllMusic.</ref> retaining their style after the reunion in 2003.<ref>William York, [{{#ifeq: yes | yes | https://www.allmusic.com/album/souls-to-deny-mw0000338335{{
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}} Souls to Deny], AllMusic.</ref><ref>Greg Prato, [{{#ifeq: yes | yes | https://www.allmusic.com/album/suffocation-mw0000444914{{
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}} Suffocation], AllMusic.</ref><ref>Alex Henderson, [{{#ifeq: yes | yes | https://www.allmusic.com/album/blood-oath-mw0000821511{{
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}} Blood Oath], AllMusic.</ref> Decibel Magazine stated: "Effigy of the Forgotten was a benchmark for extreme music, as it sacrificed neither virtuosity or brutality, becoming a signpost for thousands who were still contemplating how to incorporate scalar runs, rapid-fire palm-muting and hummingbird-wing-quick picking into riffs, while opening up rhythmic dimensions and the scope of the blast beat."<ref name="DecibelNo055"/>
Blabbermouth.net described Suffocation as "American death metal's most consistent and punishing standard-bearers" and their style as "brutal death metal".<ref name="Blabbermouth Suffocation">Keith Bergman, Suffocation Suffocation (Relapse), Blabbermouth.net.</ref> Leslie Mathew of Allmusic stated Mullen is one of the best vocalists in the genre.<ref name="Allmusic PFW"/> Decibel Magazine stated: "One of Suffocation's trademarks, breakdowns, has spawned an entire metal subgenre: deathcore."<ref name="DecibelNo059"/>
Leslie Mathew of AllMusic conferred the title of "the connoisseur's death metal band" on Suffocation.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
Guitarist Terrance Hobbs has cited Slayer, Destruction, Death, King Diamond, Atheist, and Metallica as early influences on the band's sound. He also cited "stadium rockers" such as Ozzy Osbourne, Led Zeppelin and Iron Maiden as having influenced various elements of the band's craft. He said, "musically, if it was in that thrash metal, hardcore, death metal-type vein, we were into it, and I think we were playing off all that."<ref name="decibelmagazine.com"/><ref>https://metalstorm.net/pub/interview.php?interview_id=147</ref>
MembersEdit
Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2 Current
- Terrance Hobbs – lead guitar (1990–1998, 2003–present)
- Derek Boyer – bass (2004–present)
- Charlie Errigo – rhythm guitar (2016–present)
- Eric Morotti – drums (2016–present)
- Ricky Myers – vocals (2019–present; live member: 2015–2016, 2018)
Template:Col-2 Former
- Frank Mullen – vocals (1988–1998, 2003–2019)
- Josh Barohn – bass (1988–1991, 2003–2004)
- Guy Marchais – rhythm guitar (1988–1990, 2003–2016)
- Todd German – lead guitar (1988–1990)
- Doug Cerrito – rhythm guitar (1990–1998)
- Mike Smith – drums (1990–1994, 2003–2012)
- Chris Richards – bass (1991–1998)
- Doug Bohn – drums (1994–1995)
- Dave Culross – drums (1995–1998, 2012–2014)
- Kevin Talley – drums (2014–2016)
Former live musicians
- Bill Robinson – vocals (2012)
- John Gallagher – vocals (2013)
- Kevin Muller – vocals (2017)
Timeline <timeline> ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 PlotArea = left:90 bottom:80 top:10 right:20 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1988 till:{{#time:d/m/Y}} TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Legend = orientation:horizontal position:bottom ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:1988 ScaleMinor = Increment:1 start:1988
Colors =
id:Vocals value:red legend:Vocals id:Lguitar value:teal legend:Lead_guitar id:Rguitar value:brightgreen legend:Rhythm_guitar id:Bass value:blue legend:Bass id:Drums value:orange legend:Drums id:studio value:black legend:Studio_album
LineData =
layer:back color:studio at:22/10/1991 at:18/05/1993 at:23/05/1995 at:27/04/2004 at:19/09/2006 at:03/07/2009 at:15/02/2013 at:09/06/2017 at:03/11/2023
BarData =
bar:Mullen text:"Frank Mullen" bar:Myers text:"Ricky Myers" bar:German text:"Todd German" bar:Hobbs text:"Terrance Hobbs" bar:Marchais text:"Guy Marchais" bar:Cerrito text:"Doug Cerrito" bar:Errigo text:"Charlie Errigo" bar:Barohn text:"Josh Barohn" bar:Richards text:"Chris Richards" bar:Boyer text:"Derek Boyer" bar:Smith text:"Mike Smith" bar:Bohn text:"Doug Bohn" bar:Culross text:"Dave Culross" bar:Talley text:"Kevin Talley" bar:Morotti text:"Eric Morotti"
PlotData=
width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(11,-4) bar:Mullen from:start till:01/08/1998 color:Vocals bar:Mullen from:01/01/2003 till:17/11/2018 color:Vocals bar:Myers from:17/11/2018 till:end color:Vocals bar:German from:start till:01/11/1990 color:Lguitar bar:Hobbs from:01/11/1990 till:01/08/1998 color:Lguitar bar:Hobbs from:01/01/2003 till:end color:Lguitar bar:Marchais from:start till:01/11/1990 color:Rguitar bar:Marchais from:01/01/2003 till:01/03/2016 color:Rguitar bar:Cerrito from:01/11/1990 till:01/08/1998 color:Rguitar bar:Errigo from:01/03/2016 till:end color:Rguitar bar:Barohn from:start till:01/11/1991 color:Bass bar:Barohn from:01/01/2003 till:01/07/2004 color:Bass bar:Richards from:01/11/1991 till:01/08/1998 color:Bass bar:Boyer from:01/07/2004 till:end color:Bass bar:Smith from:01/11/1990 till:01/07/1994 color:Drums bar:Smith from:01/01/2003 till:01/03/2012 color:Drums bar:Bohn from:01/07/1994 till:01/11/1995 color:Drums bar:Culross from:01/11/1995 till:01/08/1998 color:Drums bar:Culross from:01/03/2012 till:01/01/2014 color:Drums bar:Talley from:01/01/2014 till:01/03/2016 color:Drums bar:Morotti from:01/03/2016 till:end color:Drums
</timeline>
DiscographyEdit
Studio albumsEdit
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US <ref name="us">Template:Cite magazine</ref> |
US Heat. <ref name="us"/> |
US Ind. <ref name="us"/> |
GER <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
BEL (FL) <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
BEL (WA) <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | ||
| Effigy of the Forgotten |
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Breeding the Spawn |
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Pierced from Within |
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Souls to Deny |
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
— | — | 34 | — | — | — | ||
| Suffocation |
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
— | 29 | 29 | — | — | — | ||
| Blood Oath |
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
135 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| Pinnacle of Bedlam |
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
152 | 2 | 25 | 58 | 197 | 119 |
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| ...Of the Dark Light |
|
— | — | — | 80 | 167 | — | |||
| Hymns from the Apocrypha |
|
— | — | — | 53 | — | — | |||
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | ||||||||||
Live albumsEdit
| Title | Album details | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close of a Chapter: Live in Québec City |
|
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|
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| Live in North America |
|
|
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EPsEdit
| Title | Album details | |
|---|---|---|
| Human Waste |
|
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| Despise the Sun |
|
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Compilation albumsEdit
| Title | Album details | |
|---|---|---|
| The Best of Suffocation |
|
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DemosEdit
| Title | Album details |
|---|---|
| Reincremated |
|
Music videosEdit
| Year | Title | Directed | Album | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | "Surgery of Impalement" | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Souls to Deny |
| 2005 | "Synthetically Revived" | Adam Wingard<ref>Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}Template:Cbignore</ref> |
Human Waste |
| 2006 | "Abomination Reborn" | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Suffocation |
| 2007 | "Bind Torture Kill" | |||
| 2009 | "Cataclysmic Purification" | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Blood Oath |
| 2010 | "Blood Oath"<ref>https://blabbermouth.net/news/suffocation-the-daily-habit-performance-posted-online</ref> | |||
| 2013 | "As Grace Descends" | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Pinnacle of Bedlam |
| 2023 | "Seraphim Enslavement" | Tom Flynn<ref>https://ghostcultmag.com/suffocation-drop-single-and-video-for-seraphim-enslavement-announce-new-album/</ref> | Hymns From The Apocrypha |
NotesEdit
- A.<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^{{#if:| }} Since the release of Pinnacle of Bedlam in 2013 until his retirement from the band in 2018, Frank Mullen announced that he would be retiring from full-time touring with the band due to his new job. He has since been replaced by various live vocal stand-ins, including Bill Robinson, John Gallagher, Ricky Myers, and Kevin Muller.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
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