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Jerry Goldsmith

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Jerrald King Goldsmith (February 10, 1929Template:SndJuly 21, 2004) was an American composer, conductor and orchestrator with a career in film and television scoring that spanned nearly 50 years and over 200 productions, between 1954 and 2003. He was considered one of film music's most innovative and influential composers.<ref name="Filmtracks.com" /> He was nominated for eighteen Academy Awards (winning in 1977 for The Omen), six Grammy Awards, five Primetime Emmy Awards, nine Golden Globe Awards, and four British Academy Film Awards.

He composed scores for five films in the Star Trek franchise and three in the Rambo franchise, as well as for films including Logan's Run, Planet of the Apes, Tora! Tora! Tora!, Patton, Papillon, Chinatown, The Omen, Alien, Poltergeist, The Secret of NIMH, Medicine Man, Gremlins, Hoosiers, Total Recall, Basic Instinct, Air Force One, L.A. Confidential, Mulan, and The Mummy. He also composed the current fanfare for the Universal Pictures logo, which debuted in The Lost World: Jurassic Park.

He frequently collaborated with directors including Paul Verhoeven, Franklin J. Schaffner, Richard Fleischer, Fred Schepisi, Michael Crichton, Jack Smight, Gordon Douglas, J. Lee Thompson, Paul Wendkos, John Frankenheimer, and Joe Dante.

Early life and educationEdit

Goldsmith was born on February 10, 1929, in Los Angeles, California. His parents were Tessa (née Rappaport), a school teacher, and Morris Goldsmith, a structural engineer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> All his grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Austria-Hungary<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Romania.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He started playing piano at age six, but only "got serious" by the time he was eleven. At age thirteen, he studied piano privately with concert pianist and educator Jakob Gimpel<ref name="Aborted Goldsmith Bio">Goldsmith, Carrie. "Preview of The Aborted Jerry Goldsmith Biography". Retrieved March 29, 2011.</ref> (whom Goldsmith would later employ to perform piano solos in his score to The Mephisto Waltz) and by the age of sixteen he was studying both theory and counterpoint under Italian composer Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, who also tutored such noteworthy composers and musicians as Henry Mancini, Nelson Riddle, Herman Stein, André Previn, Marty Paich, and John Williams.

At age sixteen, Goldsmith saw the 1945 film Spellbound and was inspired by Miklós Rózsa's unconventional score to pursue a career in music.<ref name="TV Legends" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Goldsmith later enrolled and attended the University of Southern California where he was able to attend courses by Rózsa, but dropped out in favor of a more "practical music program" at the Los Angeles City College.<ref name="The Sand Pebbles">Template:YouTube. Retrieved 2011-02-18.</ref> There he was able to coach singers, work as an assistant choral director, play piano accompaniment, and work as an assistant conductor.<ref name="TV Legends">Template:YouTube by Jon Burlingame. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref>

Film and television scoringEdit

1950s and work at CBSEdit

In 1950, Goldsmith found work at CBS as a clerk typist in the network's music department under director Lud Gluskin.<ref name="TV Legends" /> There he began writing scores for such radio shows as CBS Radio Workshop, Frontier Gentleman, and Romance. In an interview with Andy Velez from BarnesandNoble.com, Goldsmith stated: "It was about 1950. CBS had a workshop, and once a week the employees, whatever their talents, whether they were ushers or typists, would produce a radio show. But you had to be an employee. They needed someone to do music, and I knew someone there who said I'd be great for this. I'd just gotten married and needed a job, so they faked a typing test for me. Then I could do these shows. About six months later, the music department heard what I did, liked it, and gave me a job."<ref>Velez, Andy. "Evening the Score" Artist Interview: Jerry Goldsmith Template:Webarchive BarnesandNoble.com. Retrieved May 2, 2011.</ref> He later progressed into scoring such live CBS television shows as Climax! and Playhouse 90. He also scored multiple episodes of the television series The Twilight Zone. He remained at CBS until 1960, after which he moved on to Revue Studios and then to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for producer Norman Felton, whom he had worked for during live TV and would later compose music for shows produced by MGM Television such as Dr. Kildare and The Man from U.N.C.L.E..<ref name="TV Legends" />

His feature film debut occurred when he composed the music for the western Black Patch (1957). He continued with scores to such films as the western Face of a Fugitive (also 1957), and the science fiction film City of Fear (1959).<ref name="Filmtracks.com">Clemmensen, Christian. Jerry Goldsmith (1929–2004) tribute at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 11, 2011.</ref>

1960sEdit

Goldsmith began the decade composing for such television shows as Dr. Kildare, Gunsmoke, and Thriller as well as the drama film The Spiral Road (1962). However, he only began receiving widespread name recognition after his intimate score to the western Lonely Are the Brave (1962). His involvement in the picture was the result of a recommendation by composer Alfred Newman who had been impressed with Goldsmith's score on the television show Thriller and took it upon himself to recommend Goldsmith to the head of Universal's music department, despite having never met him.<ref>Template:YouTube with Robert Townson. Retrieved February 10, 2011.</ref> That same year, Goldsmith composed the mostly atonal and dissonant score to the biopic Freud (1962) that focused on a five-year period of the life of psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. Goldsmith's score led to him gaining his first Academy Award nomination for Best Original Score, though he lost to fellow first-time nominee Maurice Jarre for his music to Lawrence of Arabia (also 1962). Goldsmith composed a score to The Stripper (1963), his first collaboration with director Franklin J. Schaffner for whom Goldsmith would later score the films Planet of the Apes (1968), Patton (1970), Papillon (1973), Islands in the Stream (1977), The Boys from Brazil (1978) and Lionheart (1987).<ref name="Filmtracks.com" />

Following his success with Lonely Are the Brave and Freud, Goldsmith composed the theme music for The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (1964), and scores to such films as the western Rio Conchos, the political thriller Seven Days in May (both also 1964), the romantic drama A Patch of Blue (1965), the war film In Harm's Way (also 1965), the World War I air combat film The Blue Max (1966), the period naval war drama The Sand Pebbles (also 1966), the thriller Warning Shot (1967), the western Hour of the Gun (also 1967), and the mystery The Detective (1968).<ref>Template:YouTube. Retrieved February 18, 2011.</ref> He almost did not accept the assignment for The Blue Max when he watched the final cut with the producers who had temp-tracked it with Richard Strauss's Also Sprach Zarathustra. He said: "I admit it worked fairly well but my first reaction was to get up and walk away from the job, but I couldn't. Once you've heard music like that with the picture, it makes your own scoring more difficult to arrive at, it clouds your thinking."<ref>Thomas, Tony. Music From the Movies. p. 212</ref> Goldsmith's scores to A Patch of Blue and The Sand Pebbles garnered him his second and third Academy Award nominations, respectively, and were both one of the 250 nominees for the American Film Institute's top twenty-five American film scores.<ref name="AFI's 100 Years">AFI's 100 Years Of Film Scores Template:Webarchive from the American Film Institute. Retrieved February 10, 2011.</ref> His scores for Seven Days in May and The Sand Pebbles also garnered Goldsmith his first two respective Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Original Score in 1965 and 1967.<ref name="Golden Globe Awards">Jerry Goldsmith, Best Original Score – Motion Picture Template:Webarchive nominations and wins at the Golden Globe Awards. Retrieved February 18, 2011.</ref> During this time, he also composed for many lighter, comedic films such as the family comedy The Trouble with Angels (1966), the James Bond parodies Our Man Flint (1966) and its sequel In Like Flint (1967), and the comedy The Flim-Flam Man (1967).<ref name="Filmtracks.com" />

Goldsmith gained attention for the score of the post-apocalyptic science fiction film Planet of the Apes (1968), which was one of the first to be written entirely in an Avant garde style. When scoring Planet of the Apes, Goldsmith used such innovative techniques as looping drums into an echoplex, using the orchestra to imitate the grunting sounds of apes, having horns blown without mouthpieces, and instructing the woodwind players to finger their keys without using any air. He also used stainless steel mixing bowls,<ref>Simians and Serialism by John O’Callaghan, p. 77.</ref> among other objects, to create unique percussive sounds.<ref name="Filmtracks.com" /> The score resulted in another Goldsmith nomination for the Best Original Score Oscar and ranks in Template:Abbr 18 on the American Film Institute's top twenty-five American film scores.<ref name="AFI's 100 Years" /> Though he did not return to compose for its sequel Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970), Goldsmith scored the third installment in the Planet of the Apes franchise, Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971).

Goldsmith concluded the decade with scores to such films as the western Bandolero! (1968), the spy thriller The Chairman, the science fiction film The Illustrated Man, and the western 100 Rifles (all 1969). He composed the theme for the comedy-drama television series Room 222 which debuted in 1969.<ref name="Filmtracks.com" />

1970sEdit

Throughout the score for the World War II biographical film Patton (1970), Goldsmith used an echoplex to loop recorded sounds of "call to war" triplets played on the trumpet that musically represented General George S. Patton's belief in reincarnation. The main theme also consisted of a symphonic march accompanied by a pipe organ to represent the protagonist's militaristic and deeply religious nature.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Patton soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> The film's music subsequently earned Goldsmith an Oscar nomination for Best Original Score and was one of the American Film Institute's 250 nominees for the top twenty-five American film scores.<ref name="AFI's 100 Years" /> Goldsmith's critical success continued with his emotional score to the prison escape film Papillon (1973), which also earned him an Academy Award nomination. In the early 1970s, Goldsmith also wrote the themes for two wildly different TV series, Barnaby Jones and The Waltons.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Goldsmith was faced with the daunting task of replacing a score by composer Phillip Lambro to the neo-film noir Chinatown (1974). With only ten days to compose and record an entirely new score, Goldsmith quickly produced a score that mixed an eastern music sound with elements of jazz in an ensemble that only featured a trumpet, four pianos, four harps, two percussionists, and a string section.<ref>Template:YouTube. Retrieved February 18, 2011.</ref><ref>Teachout, Terry (July 10, 2009). According to producer Robert Evans, Goldsmith's Chinatown score made the difference between the success and failure of the film. "The Perfect Film Score: At 35, Goldsmith's 'Chinatown' sounds better than ever" article at The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 21, 2011.</ref> Goldsmith received an Academy Award nomination for his efforts though he lost to Nino Rota and Carmine Coppola for The Godfather Part II. The score to Chinatown ranks Template:Abbr 9 on the AFI's list of top 25 American film scores.<ref name="AFI's 100 Years" /> It was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score.<ref name="Golden Globe Awards" />

Goldsmith earned further critical praise with his score to the period adventure film The Wind and the Lion (1975), which relied upon a diverse ensemble including many Moroccan instruments and a large percussion section.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. The Wind and the Lion soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> The score garnered Goldsmith an Oscar nomination for Best Original Score, though he lost to John Williams for his score to Jaws. The Wind and the Lion was also one of the AFI's 250 nominees for the top twenty-five American film scores.<ref name="AFI's 100 Years" />

Goldsmith composed a dark choral score to the horror film The Omen (1976), which was the first film score to feature the use of a choir in an avant-garde style.<ref name="The Omen">Clemmensen, Christian. The Omen soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> The score was successful among critics and garnered Goldsmith his only Academy Award for Best Original Score and a nomination for Best Original Song for "Ave Satani".<ref>Template:YouTube Jerry Goldsmith's Oscar speech. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> His wife, Carol Heather Goldsmith, also wrote lyrics and performed a vocal track titled "The Piper Dreams" released solely on the soundtrack album.<ref name="The Omen" /> Goldsmith would go on to compose for two more entries in the franchise; Damien - Omen II (1978) and Omen III: The Final Conflict (1981).

He continued to have critical success with scores to such films as the dystopian science fiction Logan's Run (1976), the period drama Islands in the Stream (1977, a score which remained one of his personal favorites),<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Islands in the Stream soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 18, 2011.</ref> the science fiction suspense Coma (1978), the science fiction thriller Capricorn One (1977), the disaster film The Swarm (1978), the period comedy The Great Train Robbery (also 1978), and his Academy Award-nominated score to the science fiction thriller The Boys from Brazil (1978), in which he utilized lively waltzes juxtaposed against the film's concept of cloning Adolf Hitler.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. The Boys from Brazil soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref>

Goldsmith composed a score to the science fiction film Alien (1979). His score featured an orchestra augmented by an Indian conch horn, didgeridoo, steel drum, and serpent (a 16th-century instrument), while creating further "alien" sounds by delaying string pizzicati through an echoplex. Many of the instruments were used in such atypical ways they were virtually unidentifiable. His score was, however, heavily edited during post-production and Goldsmith was required to rewrite music for several scenes. The final score resulted in several pieces being moved, replaced, or cut entirely. Director Ridley Scott and editor Terry Rawlings also, without Goldsmith's consent, purchased the rights to the "Main Title" from Freud (1962) which they used during the acid blood sequence.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Alien soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> Despite the heavy edits and rewrites, Goldsmith's score for the film earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Original Score<ref name="Golden Globe Awards" /> and was one of the AFI's 250 nominees for the top twenty-five American film scores.<ref name="AFI's 100 Years" />

Goldsmith concluded the decade composing the score for Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979).<ref>Star Trek: The Motion Picture soundtrack review at AllMusic. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> Having been Gene Roddenberry's initial choice to compose the original Star Trek pilot "The Cage" yet being unable to do so due to scheduling conflicts, Goldsmith was the first pick of both Paramount Pictures and director Robert Wise to compose a score for The Motion Picture.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Faced with composing a new Star Trek theme for the film, Goldsmith initially struggled for inspiration, and proceeded to compose as much of the score as possible before the need to develop the main title theme. His initial score for the scene in which the newly-refit Starship Enterprise is revealed to the audience was not well received by the filmmakers, director Robert Wise feeling that it lacked a strong thematic hook and evoked sailing ships. Though somewhat irked by its rejection, Goldsmith consented to re-work his initial idea and finally arrived at the Star Trek theme which was ultimately used.<ref>Star Trek: The Motion Picture Director's Edition DVD special features. Retrieved March 29, 2011.</ref> The film's soundtrack also provided a debut for the Blaster Beam, an electronic instrument Template:Convert long, created by musician Craig Huxley.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Blaster had steel wires connected to amplifiers fitted to the main piece of aluminum; the device was played with an artillery shell. Goldsmith heard it and immediately decided to use it for V'Ger's cues.<ref name="goldsmith-commentary">Goldsmith, Jerry. Star Trek: The Motion Picture Directors Edition [Disc 2]. Special features: Commentary.</ref> An enormous pipe organ first plays the V'Ger theme on the EnterpriseTemplate:'s approach, a literal indication of the machine's power.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Star Trek: The Motion Picture soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> His score for The Motion Picture earned him Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations,<ref name="Golden Globe Awards" /> and was one of the AFI's 250 nominees for the top twenty-five American film scores.<ref name="AFI's 100 Years" /> Goldsmith would later compose the scores for Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (1989) (which included a revised arrangement of the theme from The Motion Picture), Star Trek: First Contact (1996), Star Trek: Insurrection (1998), and Star Trek: Nemesis (2002), as well as the theme to the television series Star Trek: Voyager in 1995. In addition, his theme for The Motion Picture, as arranged by Dennis McCarthy, was reused as the theme for Star Trek: The Next Generation in 1987.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

1980sEdit

Throughout the 1980s, Goldsmith found himself increasingly scoring science fiction and fantasy films in the ongoing wake of Star Wars (1977), composing for such films as The Omen sequels Damien: Omen II (1978) and Omen III: The Final Conflict (1981), space western Outland (1981), animated fantasy The Secret of NIMH (1982), and the film adaptation of The Twilight Zone, which he composed in four different styles to accompany the film's four stories.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Twilight Zone: The Movie soundtrack review. Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref>

Goldsmith was hired to compose the music to the Tobe Hooper-directed horror film Poltergeist (1982). He wrote several themes for the film including a gentle lullaby for the protagonist Carol Anne and her family's suburban life, a semi-religious theme for scenes concerning the souls trapped between the two worlds, and bombastic atonal bursts during scenes of horror.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Poltergeist soundtrack review. Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> The film's score garnered him an Oscar nomination, though he lost again to John Williams for Spielberg's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.

He did, however, still manage to compose for such non-fantasy productions as the period television miniseries Masada (1981) winning an Emmy Award, the war film Inchon (1982), the action adventure First Blood (also 1982), and his Oscar- and Golden Globe Award-nominated score to political drama Under Fire (1983) in which he used the ethnic sounds of a South American pan flute, synthetic elements, and the prominently featured solo work of jazz guitarist Pat Metheny.<ref name="Golden Globe Awards" /><ref name="Under Fire">Clemmensen, Christian. Under Fire soundtrack review. Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref>

Throughout the decade, many of his compositions became increasingly laced with synthetic elements such as his scores for the horror sequel Psycho II (1983), the comedy horror film Gremlins (1984, winning a Saturn Award for Best Music),<ref>Film Awards: Best Music Template:Webarchive at the Saturn Awards. Retrieved February 22, 2011.</ref> the fantasy superhero adaptation Supergirl (1984), Ridley Scott fantasy Legend (1985, initially heard only in European prints and then years later in a 2002 director's cut),<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Legend soundtrack review. Filmtracks.com. Retrieved May 4, 2011.</ref> action sequel Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985), family fantasy Baby: Secret of the Lost Legend (also 1985), and horror movie sequel Poltergeist II (1986), a more synthetic score than the original and the first of two sequels.<ref name="Filmtracks.com" /><ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Poltergeist II: The Other Side soundtrack review. Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 19, 2011.</ref> He garnered another Oscar nomination for his innovative, critically acclaimed score to sports drama Hoosiers (1986), though he lost to Herbie Hancock for Round Midnight.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Hoosiers soundtrack review. Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> The score incorporates synthesizers, orchestra, and the recorded sounds of basketball hits on a gymnasium floor.

During the same period, Goldsmith scored the Michael Crichton film Runaway (1984), the composer's first all-electronic score. In an interview with Keyboard magazine in 1984, Goldsmith said that in order to simulate the ambiance of a real orchestra, several speakers were set up in an actual orchestra hall similar to how they would be arranged if they were live players. The playback was re-recorded to capture the feel of the hall.

Goldsmith finished out the decade with noteworthy scores to such films as the science-fiction fantasy family film Explorers (1985), medieval adventure Lionheart, science fiction comedy Innerspace (both 1987), action film Rambo III (1988), the science fiction horror Leviathan, and Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (both 1989), his second Star Trek film score.<ref name="Filmtracks.com" /> Goldsmith's score to Leviathan incorporated the use of recorded whale sounds during the main titles.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Leviathan soundtrack review. Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> His comedy score to The 'Burbs (1989) made use of pipe organ, recorded dog barking sound effects, and for parodying the trumpet "call to war" triplets on an echoplex from his previous score to Patton (1970).<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. The 'Burbs soundtrack review. Filmtracks.com. Retrieved April 19, 2011.</ref>

1990sEdit

Receiving critical acclaim for his music for the romantic drama The Russia House (1990), Goldsmith's score featured a unique mixture of Russian music and jazz to complement the nationalities and characteristics of the two main characters.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. The Russia House soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> He also composed critically acclaimed music for the science fiction action film Total Recall (also 1990), which Goldsmith later regarded as one of his best scores.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Total Recall soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> Other scores of the era include Gremlins 2: The New Batch (also 1990, a film in which Goldsmith also made a brief cameo appearance),<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Gremlins 2: The New Batch soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved March 17, 2011.</ref> the psychological thriller Sleeping with the Enemy (1991), the family comedy Mom and Dad Save the World, the fantasy romance Forever Young (both 1992), the thriller The Vanishing, and the family comedy Dennis the Menace (both 1993).<ref name="Filmtracks.com" /> Goldsmith also composed a critically acclaimed score for the medical drama Medicine Man (1992).<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Medicine Man soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved March 25, 2011.</ref> In concert, Goldsmith would later recount a story of how actor Sean Connery copied Goldsmith's signature ponytail hairstyle for his character Robert Campbell in the film.

Goldsmith composed and conducted a score to the erotic thriller Basic Instinct (1992). The soundtrack, an unsettling hybrid of orchestral and electronic elements, garnered him another Oscar nomination as well as a Golden Globe Award nomination<ref name="Golden Globe Awards" /> and was later regarded by the composer as one of his most challenging works.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Basic Instinct soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref><ref>Template:YouTube. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> He wrote an acclaimed score for the classic sports film Rudy (1993),<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Rudy soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> which has since been used in the trailers for numerous films including Angels in the Outfield (1994), Good Will Hunting (1997), Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (2002), and Seabiscuit (2003). It was also heard on the TV spot of "The Little Vampire" (2000) and an Arnold Schwarzenegger fitness commercial.<ref>Rudy (1993) trailer usage at SoundtrackNet. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> {{#invoke:Listen|main}}

Goldsmith composed acclaimed scores for such films as the superhero adaptation The Shadow, the thriller The River Wild, the romantic comedy I.Q. (all 1994), the science fiction drama Powder, the action film Congo, the fantasy adventure First Knight (all 1995), the action film Executive Decision, and his third Star Trek film installment Star Trek: First Contact (both 1996) which he composed with his son Joel Goldsmith.<ref name="Star Trek: First Contact">Clemmensen, Christian. Star Trek: First Contact soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> Goldsmith also composed the theme for the UPN series Star Trek: Voyager (which debuted in 1995) for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music. In 2020, Newsweek magazine said that the Voyager theme was the best of all Star Trek television series' theme songs.<ref name=":4">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Goldsmith composed the critically successful score to the horror action film The Ghost and the Darkness (1996) which featured a traditional Irish folk melody interwoven with African rhythms.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. The Ghost and the Darkness soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> He was hired to replace a score by Randy Newman for Air Force One (1997). Goldsmith, with the assistance of composer Joel McNeely, completed the brassy, heroic score in only twelve days.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Air Force One soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> Goldsmith also composed a percussive, jazzy score for the critically acclaimed crime drama L.A. Confidential (also 1997).<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. L.A. Confidential soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> His score garnered him Oscar and Golden Globe Award nominations, and was also one of the AFI's 250 nominees for the top twenty-five American film scores.<ref name="AFI's 100 Years" /><ref name="Golden Globe Awards" />

Goldsmith composed a new theme for the Universal Pictures opening logo, first heard in The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) and the short version for the Universal Television closing logo, first heard on The Tom Show. The studio continues to use this theme, with a new arrangement of it scored by Brian Tyler to accompany the studio's current opening logo, introduced with The Lorax (2012) to coincide with the celebration of the studio's 100th anniversary.<ref name="Fanfares">"Jerry Goldsmith Works – Fanfares" at Jerry Goldsmith Online. Retrieved March 31, 2011.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Goldsmith also continued with scores for such films as the 1997 survival drama The Edge (also 1997), his fourth Star Trek film installment, Star Trek: Insurrection (1998), the science fiction horror Deep Rising, the action thriller U.S. Marshals and the science fiction film Small Soldiers (all also 1998).<ref name="Filmtracks.com" /> He also composed a score of combined Eastern, orchestral, and synthetic elements for the Disney-animated film Mulan (also 1998), which subsequently earned him his final Oscar and Golden Globe Award nominations along with songwriter Matthew Wilder and lyricist David Zippel.<ref name="Golden Globe Awards" /><ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Mulan soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref>

Goldsmith concluded the decade with critically successful scores to such popular films as action adventure horror The Mummy, the horror film The Haunting, and the action adventure The 13th Warrior (1999).<ref name="Filmtracks.com" /> In 1999, he also composed "Fanfare for Oscar" for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.<ref name="Fanfares" />

2000s and final scoresEdit

During the early years of the 2000s, Goldsmith composed scores to the science fiction thriller Hollow Man (2000), the mystery film Along Came a Spider, the drama The Last Castle (both 2001), the action/political thriller The Sum of All Fears, and his last Star Trek film Star Trek: Nemesis (both 2002).<ref name="Filmtracks.com" /> Goldsmith had composed the scores to five of the first ten Star Trek movies up to that point. Goldsmith also composed an original score to the simulator attraction Soarin' Over California which debuted February 8, 2001 at the Disneyland Resort, and the same attraction SoarinTemplate:' which opened May 5, 2005 in Epcot at the Walt Disney World Resort. It was later said that when Goldsmith first rode the ride, he left in tears and said, "I'd do anything to be part of this project. I'd even score the film for free."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Goldsmith's final cinematic score, composed during declining health, was the critically acclaimed music for the live-action/animated hybrid film Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003), directed by long-time Goldsmith collaborator Joe Dante.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Looney Tunes: Back in Action soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref> One of his last works was with another long-time collaborator, Richard Donner (for whom Goldsmith had scored The Omen in 1976), on the science fiction film Timeline (also 2003). However, due to a complicated post-production process, Goldsmith's score had to be replaced. Goldsmith's score was used for the preliminary cuts, but the score didn't fit the later cuts of the film and had to be re-scored. Goldsmith's unavailability led to composer Brian Tyler taking over. Goldsmith's unused score was later released on CD, September 7, 2004 through Varèse Sarabande, less than two months after his death in July. The album quickly became out of print.<ref>Clemmensen, Christian. Timeline soundtrack review at Filmtracks.com. Retrieved February 16, 2011.</ref>

Studio fanfaresEdit

Goldsmith composed the fanfares accompanying the production logos for multiple major film studios. He composed the 1976 fanfare for Paramount Pictures, which was used mainly for their home video label, as well as the 1988 Carolco Pictures fanfare and the Cinergi Pictures fanfare, with Bruce Broughton conducting the Sinfonia of London's performance of it.

With the release of The Lost World: Jurassic Park, his 1997 opening fanfare for Universal Pictures debuted. His work on the fanfare would later be re-composed by John Williams for the 20th anniversary of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, a film in which Williams composed the film's score, with a customized fanfare, merging the Universal fanfare and the film's main theme, and the full Universal fanfare, only used in The Scorpion King; and composed and arranged by Brian Tyler for the studio's 100th anniversary.

Concert worksEdit

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> The atonal composition was written in three sections developed from one common 12-tone row including the "turbulent" first section, the "introspective" second section, and climaxing in a "very agitated" third section.<ref name="Christus Review" /> Goldsmith later reflected that the piece was a result of much turbulence in his life, stating, "I was going through a divorce and my mother was seriously ill with cancer." Goldsmith continued, "All of my personal turmoil – pain, anger, and sorrow – went into writing 'Music for Orchestra' in strict dodecaphonic form."<ref name="Christus Apollo" />

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Looking back on the experience, Goldsmith later said, "After starting to write what was to be a big fireworks extravaganza, I realized that I was writing about the city where I was born and had lived my entire life. I decided instead to make the piece a grand celebration of my childhood, growing years, my years of maturity, and all the events that climaxed with my first appearance at the Hollywood Bowl."<ref name="Christus Apollo" />

Personal life and deathEdit

Template:Expand section Goldsmith was married twice. He was first married to Sharon Hennagin<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in 1950; they divorced in 1970. He married Carol Heather Sheinkopf in 1972, and the couple remained together until his death in 2004. His oldest son Joel Goldsmith (1957–2012)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> was also a composer and collaborated with his father on the score for Star Trek: First Contact, composing approximately twenty-two minutes of the score.<ref name="Star Trek: First Contact" /> Goldsmith also conducted Joel's theme for The Untouchables and composed the theme for the pilot Hollister, scored by Joel.Template:Citation needed Goldsmith's daughter, Carrie Goldsmith, went to high school with Titanic film score composer James Horner,<ref name="Aborted Goldsmith Bio" /> who also composed music for Star TrekTemplate:'s second and third films: Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and Star Trek III: The Search for Spock. Carrie Goldsmith was working on a biography of her father, though the book has been suspended indefinitely for unspecified reasons.<ref name="Aborted Goldsmith Bio" /> Ellen Smith, who sang the title song for Wild Rovers, shortened her surname but was actually his daughter, Ellen Goldsmith.

File:Jerry Goldsmith Grave.JPG
Crypt of Jerry Goldsmith at Hillside Memorial Park

Goldsmith died from colon cancer at his home in Beverly Hills, California, on July 21, 2004, at the age of 75.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was interred at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery.

Style and influencesEdit

Goldsmith was greatly influenced by movements of early 20th-century classical music, notably modernism, Americana, impressionism, dodecaphonism, and early film scores.<ref name="TV Legends" /><ref name="Christus Apollo" /> He has cited Igor Stravinsky, Aaron Copland, Miklós Rózsa, Bernard Herrmann, Béla Bartók, and Alban Berg, among others, as some of the main influences to his style of composition.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

His style has been noted for its unique instrumentation, utilizing a vast array of ethnic instruments, recorded sounds, synthetic textures, and the traditional orchestra, often concurrently.<ref name="Filmtracks.com" /> When asked about his inclination for embracing new techniques and constantly shifting his musical palette throughout his career, Goldsmith said, "It seems like it's me, and that's that! Certain composers are doing the same thing over and over again, which I feel is sort of uninteresting. I don't find that you grow very much in that way. I like to keep changing, trying to do new things. Basically, I'm saying the same thing with a little different twist on it. Once you get caught up in the creative process, something inside takes over, and your subconscious just does it for you."<ref>"Interview with Jerry Goldsmith" conducted July 15, 1982 by Randall D. Larson, CinemaScore: The Film Music Journal #11/12 (Fall/Winter 1983), p.4.</ref>

One reason for the consistency of Goldsmith's aural resonance and signature sound is his long time professional association with orchestrator Arthur MortonTemplate:Citation needed. Their first collaboration was on the film, Take Her, She's Mine (1963). Goldsmith was commissioned to score the features, Von Ryan's Express and Morituri (both 1965). He recruited Morton to serve as his orchestrator. Their bond for a unique and expressive sound was born, and their friendship flourished. Goldsmith went on to compose the scores for Our Man Flint, The Trouble with Angels (with Frank De Vol), The Blue Max, The Sand Pebbles, and Stagecoach (all 1966). Morton was there providing his orchestration services, assisting Goldsmith in attaining his visionary sounds. Their partnership endured for over 30 years and included the notable scores for Planet of the Apes (1968), Patton (1970), Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970), Papillon (1973), Chinatown (1974), The Omen (1976), MacArthur (1977), Capricorn One (1978), Alien (1979), Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979), Poltergeist (1982), First Blood (1982), Under Fire (1983), The Russia House (1990). The final score that Arthur Morton orchestrated for Goldsmith was L.A. Confidential (1997).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Recognition in the Gaming CommunityEdit

Goldsmith's work has been celebrated in the gaming community, with many fans and composers citing his scores as a major influence. His ability to blend traditional orchestration with electronic elements has been particularly influential in the development of video game music.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

LegacyEdit

Jerry Goldsmith has been considered one of film music history's most innovative and influential composers.<ref name="Filmtracks.com" /> While presenting Goldsmith with a Career Achievement Award from the Society for the Preservation of Film Music in 1993, fellow composer Henry Mancini said of Goldsmith, "he has instilled two things in his colleagues in this town. One thing he does, he keeps us honest. And the second one is he scares the hell out of us."<ref>Template:YouTube. Retrieved April 30, 2011.</ref> In his review of the 1999 re-issue of the Star Trek: The Motion Picture soundtrack, Bruce Eder highly praised Goldsmith's ability, stating, "one of the new tracks, 'Spock's Arrival', may be the closest that Goldsmith has ever come to writing serious music in a pure Romantic idiom; this could have been the work of Rimsky-Korsakov or Stravinsky — it's that good."<ref>Eder, Bruce. "Star Trek: The Motion Picture (20th Anniversary Collectors Edition)" soundtrack review. AllMusic. Retrieved May 2, 2011.</ref> In a 2001 interview, film composer Marco Beltrami (3:10 to Yuma, The Hurt Locker) stated, "Without Jerry, film music would probably be in a different place than it is now. I think he more than any other composer bridged the gap between the old Hollywood scoring style and the modern film composer."<ref>Groult, Florent (September 2001). "Goldsmith by Beltrami : master and student" Template:Webarchive. UnderScores: Musique de Film. Retrieved April 30, 2011.</ref>

In 2006, upon composing The Omen (a remake of the Goldsmith-scored 1976 film), Marco Beltrami dedicated his score to Goldsmith, which also included an updated arrangement of "Ave Satani" titled "Omen 76/06".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Likewise, when composer Brian Tyler was commissioned in 2012 to update the Universal Studios logo for the Universal centennial, he retained the melody originally composed by Goldsmith in 1997, opting to "bring it into the 21st century."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref>

Awards and nominationsEdit

Over the course of his career, Goldsmith received 18 total Academy Award nominations, making him one of the most nominated composers in the history of the Awards. Despite this, Goldsmith won only one Oscar, his score for The Omen (1976). This makes Goldsmith the most nominated composer to have won an Oscar only on one occasion. In 1991, Goldsmith received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music.

On May 9, 2017, Goldsmith posthumously received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his achievements in the music industry, located at 6752 Hollywood Boulevard.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

AFIEdit

The American Film Institute respectively ranked Goldsmith's scores for Chinatown (1974) and Planet of the Apes (1968) Template:Abbr 9 and Template:Abbr 18 on their list of the 25 greatest film scores.<ref name="AFI's 100 Years" /> He is one of only five composers to have more than one score featured in the list, including Elmer Bernstein, Bernard Herrmann, Max Steiner, and John Williams. His scores for the following films were also nominated for inclusion:

AccoladesEdit

Award Year Project Category Outcome
Academy Awards 1963 Freud Best Music Score—substantially original Template:Nom
1966 A Patch of Blue Best Music Score—substantially original Template:Nom
1967 The Sand Pebbles Best Original Music Score Template:Nom
1969 Planet of the Apes Best Original Score—for a motion picture [not a musical] Template:Nom
1971 Patton Best Original Dramatic Score Template:Nom
1974 Papillon Best Original Dramatic Score Template:Nom
1975 Chinatown Best Original Score Template:Nom
1976 The Wind and the Lion Best Original Score Template:Nom
1977 The Omen Best Original Score Template:Won
"Ave Satani" (from The Omen) Best Original Song Template:Nom
1979 The Boys from Brazil Best Original Score Template:Nom
1980 Star Trek: The Motion Picture Best Original Score Template:Nom
1983 Poltergeist Best Original Score Template:Nom
1984 Under Fire Best Original Score Template:Nom
1987 Hoosiers Best Original Score Template:Nom
1993 Basic Instinct Best Original Score Template:Nom
1998 L.A. Confidential Best Original Dramatic Score Template:Nom
1999 Mulan (shared nomination with Matthew Wilder and David Zippel) Best Original Musical or Comedy Score Template:Nom
Annie Awards 1998 Mulan (shared with Matthew Wilder and David Zippel) Music in a Feature Production Template:Won
British Academy Film Awards 1974 Chinatown Best Film Music Template:Nom
1975 The Wind and the Lion Best Film Music Template:Nom
1979 Alien Best Film Music Template:Nom
1997 L.A. Confidential Best Film Music Template:Nom
Emmy Awards 1961 Thriller (shared nomination with Pete Rugolo) Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Music for Television Template:Nom
1966 The Man From U.N.C.L.E. Outstanding Music - Composition Template:Nom
1973 The Red Pony Outstanding Music Composition Template:Won
1975 QB VII: Parts I and II (ABC Movie Special) Outstanding Music Composition for a Special Template:Won
1976 Babe Outstanding Music Composition for a Special Template:Won
1981 Masada: Part 2 Outstanding Music Composition for a Limited Series or a Special (dramatic underscore) Template:Won
1995 Star Trek: Voyager Outstanding Main Title Theme Music Template:Won
Golden Globe Awards 1965 Seven Days in May Best Original Score Template:Nom
1967 The Sand Pebbles Best Original Score Template:Nom
1975 Chinatown Best Original Score Template:Nom
1980 Alien Best Original Score Template:Nom
Star Trek: The Motion Picture Best Original Score Template:Nom
1984 Under Fire Best Original Score Template:Nom
1993 Basic Instinct Best Original Score Template:Nom
1998 L.A. Confidential Best Original Score Template:Nom
1999 Mulan (shared nomination with Matthew Wilder and David Zippel) Best Original Score Template:Nom
Golden Raspberry Awards 1986 Rambo: First Blood Part II (shared nomination with Peter Schless and Frank Stallone) Worst Original Song Template:Won
King Solomon's Mines Worst Musical Score Template:Nom
1996 Congo (shared nomination with Lebo M) Worst Original Song Template:Nom
Grammy Awards 1966 The Man From U.N.C.L.E. (shared nomination with Lalo Schifrin, Morton Stevens, and Walter Scharf) Best Original Score from a Motion Picture or Television Show Template:Nom
1975 QB VII Album of Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special Template:Nom
1976 The Wind and the Lion Album of Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special Template:Nom
1977 The Omen Album of Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special Template:Nom
1980 Alien Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special Template:Nom
1981 "The Slaves" (track from Masada soundtrack) Best Instrumental Composition Template:Nom
Satellite Awards 1998 L.A. Confidential Best Original Score Template:Nom
Saturn Awards 1978 The Boys from Brazil Best Music Template:Nom
Magic Best Music Template:Nom
1979 Star Trek: The Motion Picture Best Music Template:Nom
1981 Outland Best Music Template:Nom
1982 Poltergeist Best Music Template:Nom
1984 Gremlins Best Music Template:Won
1986 Link Best Music Template:Nom
1990 Gremlins 2: The New Batch Best Music Template:Nom
Total Recall Best Music Template:Nom
1991 Sleeping with the Enemy Best Music Template:Nom
Warlock Best Music Template:Nom
1992 Basic Instinct Best Music Template:Nom
1994 The Shadow Best Music Template:Nom
1996 Star Trek: First Contact Best Music Template:Nom
1999 The Mummy Best Music Template:Nom
2000 Hollow Man Best Music Template:Nom
2003 Looney Tunes: Back in Action Best Music Template:Nom

List of movies and seriesEdit

1950sEdit

1960sEdit

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1970sEdit

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1980sEdit

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1990sEdit

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2000sEdit

Movie Studio FanfaresEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

  • Thomas, Tony: Music For The Movies (1973)
  • Thomas, Tony: Film Score (1979)
  • Brown, Royal S.: Overtones And Undertones (1994)
  • Büdinger, Matthias: "A Patch Of Goldsmith". In: Soundtrack vol. 8, No. 69, p. 46–48
  • Dupuis, Mauricio: Jerry Goldsmith – Music Scoring for American Movies, Rome, Robin, 2013, p. 265 (Template:ISBN).
  • Riedlinger, Stefan: 50 Best Soundtracks. A guide to the music of Jerry Goldsmith, John Williams, Hans Zimmer and many more with an exclusive interview with Michael J. Lewis (2018). Template:ISBN. Template:ISBN.

External linksEdit

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