Mathurin Jacques Brisson

Mathurin Jacques Brisson ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; 30 April 1723 – 23 June 1806) was a French zoologist and natural philosopher.

Brisson was born on 30 April 1723 at Fontenay-le-Comte in the Vendée department of western France.<ref name=swainson>Template:Cite book Note that page 141 is before page 140.</ref> His parents wished him to take ecclesiastic orders, but in 1747, he abandoned his studies,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=merland>Template:Cite book</ref> and from 1749,<ref name=merland/> was employed by the wealthy French naturalist René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur as the curator of a large private collection of objects related to natural history that de Réaumur kept at his ancestral home at Réaumur in the Vendée.<ref name=stresemann>Template:Cite book Originally published by F. W. Peters in 1951 as Die Entwicklung Der Ornithologie von Aristoteles bis zur Gegenwart.</ref>

Brisson became interested in the classification of animals and was influenced by the works of Carl Linnaeus and Jacob Theodor Klein.<ref name=stresemann/> His book Le Règne animal was published in 1756,Template:Sfn and the highly regarded six-volume work Ornithologie was published in 1760.Template:Sfn

The English ornithologist Alfred Newton wrote of Brisson's Ornithologie that it was "a work of very great merit so far as it goes, for as a descriptive ornithologist the author stands even now unsurpassed;Template:Nbsp...".<ref name=newton>Template:Cite book</ref> For each species Brisson clearly indicated whether he had examined a specimen or whether he was relying on descriptions by other authors.<ref name=newton/> Although in Brisson coined a Latin name for each bird species, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).<ref name=allen>Template:Cite journal</ref> However, Brisson also introduced names for genera and these are accepted by the ICZN.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Linnaeus relied heavily on Brisson's work when updating his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition in 1766. Linnaeus added 386 bird species of which 240 were based exclusively on Brisson.<ref name=allen/>

De Réaumur died in 1757 and although in his will he left his large collection to the French Academy of Sciences, it was instead absorbed into the "Cabinet du roi", the royal natural history collection in Paris.<ref name=bruce>Template:Cite book</ref> Brisson abandoned zoology and in 1762 succeeded Jean-Antoine Nollet as professor of physics at the College of Navarre in Paris.<ref name=stresemann/>

For a period of time, Brisson was an instructor of physical sciences and natural history to the family of the monarch.<ref name=swainson/> From 1759, he was a member of the Academy of Sciences.<ref name=beauchet/>

A significant work involving the "specific weight of bodies" was his Pesanteur Spécifique des Corps published in 1787.Template:Sfn In his investigations of electricity, Brisson was opposed to the theories of Priestley and Franklin.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

He married Marie-Denise Foliot de Foucherolles on 24 April 1775. They had three children.<ref name=beauchet>Template:Cite book</ref> He died on 23 June 1806 at Magny-les-Hameaux near Versailles.

Publications

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• Template:Cite book With uncoloured engraved illustrations by François-Nicolas Martinet.
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• Template:Cite book Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3.
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• Template:Cite book Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3.
• Trattato elementare ovvero Principi di fisica. Grazioli, Florenz 1791.
• Die spezifischen Gewichte der Körper. Leipzig 1795.
• Suplemento al Diccionario universal de física. Cano, Madrid 1796–1802.
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• Anfangsgründe der Naturgeschichte und Chemie der Mineralien. Mainz 1799.
• Instruction sur les nouveaux poids et mesures. Paris 1799.
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• Elements of the natural history and chymical analysis of mineral substances. Ritchie, Walker, Vernor & Hood, London 1800.
• Tratado elemental ó principios de física. Madrid 1803/04.

References

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External links

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• Gallica has a free digital download of Brisson, Mathurin-Jacques Ornithologia sive Synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates Leiden (1760–1763) in Microforme The French word for Search is Recherche.
• Dictionnaire raisonné de physique, 2nd éd, Planches Template:Webarchive – Linda Hall Library