In telecommunications and fiber optics, ovality or noncircularity is the degree of deviation from perfect circularity of the cross section of the core or cladding of the fiber.
The cross-sections of the core and cladding are assumed to a first approximation to be elliptical, and ovality is defined to be twice the third flattening of the ellipse, <math>2\frac{a-b} {a+b}</math>, where a is the length of the major axis and b is the length of the minor axis. This dimensionless quantity is between Template:Math and Template:Math, and may be multiplied by Template:Math to express ovality as a percentage. Alternatively, ovality of the core or cladding may be specified by a tolerance field consisting of two concentric circles, within which the cross section boundaries must lie.
In measurements, ovality is the amount of out-of-roundness of a hole or cylindrical part in the typical form of an oval.
In chemistryEdit
In computational chemistry, especially in QSAR<ref name="isbn0-582-38210-6">Template:Cite book</ref> studies, ovality<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> refers to, a measure of how the shape of a molecule approaches a sphere (at one extreme) or a cigar shape (at the other). Ovality is described by a ratio of volume to area:
<math>O = \frac {A}{4\pi(\frac{3V}{4\pi})^{\frac 2 3}}</math>
where:
- O = Ovality
- A = Area
- V = Volume
The ovality of the He atom is 1.0 and that of HC24H (12 triple bonds) is ~1.7.
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
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