Abelia

Abelia Template:IPAc-en<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> is a genus of flowering plants in the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliaceae. The genus currently includes six species native to China, Taiwan, and Vietnam.<ref name = powo/>

The genus previously contained about 30 species and hybrids. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that the genus was not monophyletic.<ref name=Chri13/><ref name = Wang/> Abelia section Zabelia was raised to the genus Zabelia,<ref name=Chri13/> and the majority of Abelia species have been transferred to other genera, including Diabelia, Lonicera, and Vesalea.<ref name = powo/><ref name=Wang/>

Description

Species of Abelia are shrubs from 1–6 m tall. Species from warm climates are evergreen, and colder climate species deciduous. The leaves are opposite or in whorls of three, ovate, glossy, dark green, 1.5–8 cm long, turning purplish-bronze to red in autumn in the deciduous species. The flowers appear in the upper leaf axils and stem ends, 1-8 together in a short cyme; they are pendulous, white to pink, bell-shaped with a five-lobed corolla, 1–5 cm long, and usually scented. Flowering continues over a long and continuous period from late spring to fall.

Some of these species are cultivated as ornamental garden plants, and may still be described as Abelia in horticultural listings. A notable example is the hybrid Abelia × grandiflora.

Taxonomy

The generic name commemorates Clarke Abel, a keen naturalist who accompanied Lord Amherst's unsuccessful embassy to China in 1816 as a surgeon, under the sponsorship of Sir Joseph Banks. All of Abel's seeds and plants were lost in a shipwreck on the homeward voyage, however; living plants of Abelia chinensis were first imported to England in 1844 by Robert Fortune.<ref>Alice M. Coats, Garden Shrubs and Their Histories (1964), 1992, s.v. "Abelia".</ref>

Some species placed in Abelia were transferred to Linnaea at various times from 1872 onwards, but these transfers were not accepted by most botanists. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that a number of genera traditionally placed in the tribe Linnaeeae were closely related, but that Abelia was not monophyletic, even with Abelia section Zabelia split off as a separate genus Zabelia. In 2013, Maarten Christenhusz proposed that Abelia and related genera be merged into Linnaea.<ref name=Chri13/> In 2015 Wang, Landrein, et al. also found that Abelia was polyphyletic, and that Zabelia was more closely related to Morina than to the rest of the subfamily Linnaeoideae. They organized the Linnaeoideae into six monophyletic genera by recognizing Dipelta, Kolkwitzia, and Linnaea as distinct genera, placing the former Mexican species of Abelia in the revived genus Vesalea, creating the new genus Diabelia, and leaving six Asian species in Abelia.<ref name = Wang>Wang H-F, Landrein S, Dong W-P, Nie Z-L, Kondo K, Funamoto T, et al. (2015) Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeographic Diversification of Linnaeoideae (Caprifoliaceae s. l.) Disjunctly Distributed in Eurasia, North America and Mexico. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0116485. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0116485</ref> Plants of the World Online accepts the circumscription of Wang, Landrein, et al..<ref name = powo/>

Species

Six species are accepted.<ref name = powo/>

• Abelia chinensis Template:Small
• Abelia forrestii Template:Small
• Abelia × grandiflora Template:Small (artificial hybrid of A. chinensis × A. uniflora)
• Abelia macrotera Template:Small
• Abelia parvifolia Template:Small
• Abelia schumannii Template:Small
• Abelia uniflora Template:Small

Former species and synonyms

Species and synonyms previously placed in Abelia but now placed in other genera include:<ref name=powo/> Template:Div col

• Abelia adenotricha = Lonicera elisae
• Abelia angustifolia = Zabelia angustifolia
• Abelia anhweiensis = Zabelia dielsii
• Abelia biflora = Zabelia biflora
• Abelia brachystemon = Zabelia brachystemon
• Abelia buchwaldii = Diabelia serrata f. buchwaldii
• Abelia buddleioides = Zabelia buddleioides
• Abelia coreana = Zabelia dielsii
• Abelia coriacea = Vesalea coriacea
• Abelia corymbosa = Zabelia corymbosa
• Abelia curviflora = Diabelia sanguinea
• Abelia davidii = Zabelia biflora
• Abelia dielsii = Zabelia dielsii
• Abelia floribunda = Vesalea floribunda
• Abelia grandifolia = Vesalea grandifolia
• Abelia gymnocarpa = Diabelia serrata f. gymnocarpa
• Abelia hersii = Zabelia dielsii
• Abelia hirsuta = Vesalea floribunda var. floribunda
• Abelia insularis = Zabelia biflora
• Abelia integrifolia = Zabelia integrifolia
• Abelia ionostachya = Diabelia ionostachya
• Abelia mexicana = Vesalea mexicana
• Abelia mosanensis = Zabelia tyaihyoni
• Abelia occidentalis = Vesalea occidentalis
• Abelia onkocarpa = Zabelia onkocarpa
• Abelia sanguinea = Diabelia sanguinea
• Abelia serrata = Diabelia serrata
• Abelia shikokiana = Zabelia biflora
• Abelia spathulata = Diabelia spathulata
• Abelia speciosa = Vesalea floribunda var. floribunda
• Abelia splendens = Lonicera fragrantissima subsp. fragrantissima
• Abelia tetrasepala = Diabelia ionostachya var. tetrasepala
• Abelia tomentosa = Diabelia serrata f. tomentosa
• Abelia tyaihyonii = Zabelia tyaihyonii
• Abelia umbellata = Zabelia umbellata
• Abelia zanderi = Zabelia dielsii

Cultivation

Several species of Abelia are in cultivation. Though not fully hardy, they are easy to grow in a sheltered, sunny position. The cultivar 'Edward Goucher' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.<ref name = RHSPF>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Allergenicity

Abelia has an OPALS allergy scale rating of 5 out of 10, indicating moderate potential to cause allergic reactions, exacerbated by over-use of the same plant throughout a garden.<ref name = "Ogren">Template:Cite book</ref> People allergic to honeysuckle may experience cross-reactive allergic reactions with Abelia.<ref name="Ogren"/>