Template:Pp Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Infobox Russian inhabited locality CheboksaryTemplate:Efn is the capital city of Chuvashia, Russia. It is a port on the Volga River.
GeographyEdit
The city is located in the Volga Upland region and stands on the shore of the Cheboksary Reservoir. Its area is Template:Convert.<ref name="Area">Resolution #2083</ref> The satellite city of Novocheboksarsk is located about Template:Convert east of Cheboksary.
HistoryEdit
Cheboksary was first mentioned in written sources in 1469,<ref name="gr">Template:Cite book</ref> but according to archaeological excavations, the area had been populated much earlier. The site hosted a Bulgarian city of Veda Suvar, which appeared after Mongols defeated major Volga Bulgarian cities in the 13th century. During Khanate period the town is believed by someTemplate:Who to have had a Turkic (probably, TatarTemplate:Citation needed) name Çabaqsar and that the current Russian and English names originate from it. However, in maps by European travelers it was marked as Cibocar (Pizzigano, 1367), Veda-Suar (Fra Mauro, 1459). Shupashkar, the Chuvash name literally means the "fortress of the Chuvash".
In 1555, the Russians built a fortress and established a settlement here. In 1625, there were 458 soldiers quartered in Cheboksary, and in 1646 there were 661 males living in the settlement. At the end of the 17th century, Cheboksary was regarded as a major commercial city of the Volga region, and in 1781 it was granted town status<ref name="gr" /> within Kazan Governorate. In the beginning of the 19th century the population was about 5500, the town had a sawmill and several small manufactures.
In the 16th and the first half of the 17th century the Vvedensky cathedral, four monasteries and eight churches had been built, in the 18th century the stone buildings of treasury and archive, magistracy, court, and ten churches. In 1880, here were counted 783 houses (33 of them from stone), 91 stores, three schools, two hospitals, and one bank.Template:Citation needed
In the beginning of the 20th century, 5,100 people lived in Cheboksary. In 1965, the population grew to 163,000.
Administrative and municipal statusEdit
Cheboksary is the capital of the republic.<ref name="Ref37">Law #28</ref> Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with two urban-type settlements (Novye Lapsary and Sosnovka) and two rural localities, incorporated as the city of republic significance of Cheboksary—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.<ref name="Ref37" /> As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Cheboksary is incorporated as Cheboksary Urban Okrug.<ref name="Ref39">Law #37</ref>
City divisionsEdit
For administrative purposes, Cheboksary is divided into three city districts: Kalininskiy, Leninskiy, and Moskovskiy.
DemographicsEdit
Template:Historical populationsPopulation: Template:Ru-census
The city of Cheboksary together with the satellite city Novocheboksarsk forms a polycentric agglomeration with a population of more than 680 thousand people.
Ethnic compositionEdit
The population of Cheboksary consists mainly of the two following ethnic groups; the Chuvash (62%), and ethnic Russians (34%).<ref>Национальный состав населения районов и городов Чувашской Республики по данным переписи населения 2002 года</ref> Mixed marriages are quite common.
CultureEdit
Cheboksary possesses many cultural opportunities. These include the Public Order (Badge of Honor) Russian Drama Theater, a philharmonic orchestra, the Chuvash State Puppet Theater and numerous theaters (showing productions in both Russian and Chuvash languages). However, a very popular gathering place for the locals is the recentlyTemplate:When completed zaliv (bay), situated in the middle of the city. Cheboksary also has boardwalks and beaches along the Volga River, where people swim in the summer. There are also a number of heated pools, health clubs, and museums (including the Chuvash National Museum and Russia's only beer museum).<ref name="USPC" />
Cheboksary hosted a language festival in 1996.
SportEdit
Cheboksary regularly hosts athletics meetings and racewalking events, including the 2008 IAAF World Race Walking Cup, the 2015 European Team Championships Super League, and the 2016 Russian athletics and masters athletics championships.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The 2016 IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships were moved from Cheboksary to Rome as part of IAAF sanctions against doping in Russia.
EducationEdit
Educational institutions include the Chuvash State University, Chuvash State Agriculture Academy, the Chuvash State Pedagogical University, and the Cheboksary Cooperative Technical School.
- Cheboksary Physics and Mathematics School
- Cheboksary Cooperative Institute
EconomyEdit
Cheboksary is located near the Cheboksary Dam generating up to 1,404 MW, with a reservoir of Template:Convert. Cheboksary is the location of the headquarters of the Concern Tractor Plants, Russia's leading machine building company and one of the largest heavy mechanical engineering companies in the world.<ref name="USPC" /><ref name="ctp">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
TransportationEdit
Local public transportationEdit
An extensive system of trolleybuses, autobuses, and minibuses covers the city, providing quick, convenient access to all parts of the city. For those who prefer taxis, there are several taxi agencies available, but the favorite means of transportation among locals are so-called "Gypsy" cabs. In Russia, anybody who owns a car is potentially a taxi. This can be a convenient way to get around but it is also potentially dangerous. Official taxis cost less than 6 dollars for travel between most points within the city.<ref name="USPC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
RiverEdit
Because the Volga River runs through Chuvashia, Cheboksary is a frequent stop on the many boat tours that travel along the major cities up and down the Volga. To the south, Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, Astrakhan, the Caspian Sea, and Black Sea are directly reachable. To the west, the Volga River connects Cheboksary with Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Moscow, and the northern regions of Russia. By using river-sea vessels, it is possible to take cargo from Chuvash riverports all the way to Saint Petersburg, Novorossiysk (on the Black Sea), Astrakhan, and ports situated on the Danube river. However, the river is frozen from December to April.<ref name="USPC" />
AirEdit
The Cheboksary Airport (IATA CSY, ICAO UWKS, international airport since 1995) receives both cargo and passenger aircraft of practically all types and sizes. There are regularly scheduled flights to Moscow and other destinations. Chuvashia Airlines was based at this airport until operations ceased in 2009. Cheboksary is located about a four-hour drive from Strigino International Airport near Nizhny Novgorod, which offers more flight connections.
ClimateEdit
The climate in the region is continental (Köppen: Dfb), and it is similar to the climate in Moscow, although colder in winter, which lasts from late November until late March with a permanent snow cover.
MediaEdit
- «To health via culture» — Journal of the World Health Culture Organization.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
GalleryEdit
- New Cheboksary Government House.jpg
The new Government House of the Chuvash Republic
- TOB-2017.jpg
The Chuvash State Opera and Ballet Theater
- Чувашский государственный художественный музей.JPG
Chuvash State Art Museum
- Cheboksary National Library.jpg
Chuvash National Library
- Проспект Ленина, 2, Чебоксары (2).jpg
Chuvashia Hotel
- Evening view of Chuvash Drama Theatre. Cheboksary, Chuvashia, Russia - panoramio (13).jpg
Chuvash Drama Theater
- Cheboksary. Dormition Church P8121972 2200.jpg
Assumption Church
- Moskovskiy rayon, Cheboksary, Chuvashia, Russia - panoramio (42).jpg
Mother Patroness Monument in center of the city
- Cheboksary. Monument of Vasily Chapaev.jpg
Monument of Vasily Chapaev
- Cheboksary Railway Station before reconstruction 2.jpg
Cheboksary railway station before reconstruction
- Чувашский государственный театр кукол (2).jpg
Chuvash State Puppet Theater
- Введенский Собор в Чебоксарах (1).jpg
Vvedensky Cathedral
- P9012058-1.jpg
Old house, architectural monument
- Здание в обороте.jpg
the old house of the merchant Kadomtsev
- Чебоксары, улица Бондарева, 13.jpg
The oldest pharmacy Cheboksary
- Чувашия. Чебоксары. Дом крестьянина.jpg
Peasant's House
Notable peopleEdit
- Marie Vorobieff (1892-1984), Russian-born painter
- Andriyan Nikolayev (1929—2004), Soviet cosmonaut
- Daniil Orain (born 2000), Russian journalist
- Yuri Yevlampyev (born 1966), former Russian professional footballer
Twin towns – sister citiesEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Cheboksary is twinned with:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col
- Template:Flagicon Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
- Template:Flagicon Eger, Hungary
- Template:Flagicon Grodno, Belarus
- Template:Flagicon Rundu, Namibia
- Template:Flagicon Santa Clara, Cuba
ReferencesEdit
NotesEdit
CitationsEdit
SourcesEdit
- Template:RussiaAdmMunRef
- Template:RussiaAdmMunRef
- Template:RussiaBasicLawRef
- Template:Cite Russian law
- Template:Cite Russian law
External linksEdit
- Official website of Cheboksary Template:In lang
- Cheboksary Business Directory Template:In lang
- Photos from Cheboksary
Template:Chuvash Republic Template:Russian republics capitals Template:List of European capitals by region Template:Authority control Template:Use mdy dates