Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox state highway system A Pure Michigan Byway is the designation for a segment of the State Trunkline Highway System in the US state of Michigan that is a "scenic, recreational, or historic route that is representative of Michigan's natural and cultural heritage."<ref name=PA69/> The designation was created with the name Michigan Heritage Route by the state legislature on June 22, 1993, and since then six historic, seven recreational and seven scenic byways have been designated by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT), and another two have been proposed. These byways have been designated in both the Upper and Lower peninsulas (UP, LP) of the state. The current name was adopted on December 30, 2014, and it references the Pure Michigan tourism marketing campaign.
To be listed as a Pure Michigan Byway, a road must be a state trunkline highway, and it must be nominated through a two-stage process. Candidates are evaluated based on a set of objective criteria by MDOT in a process that can take several years to complete. The criteria include a highway's relationship to sites or districts on the National Register of Historic Places, to recreational areas, or to scenic landscapes. Each candidate must be supported by local stakeholders, including the appropriate local units of government. Each byway has a local organization that produces a management plan for the roadway and the preservation of its surrounding environment.
ProgramEdit
According to MDOT, the department's Pure Michigan Byway Program works with local communities, organizations, and government agencies to identify roads that access Michigan's "unique recreational, scenic and historic cultural treasures".<ref name=MDOTHR>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The program also attempts to preserve the unique and irreplaceable qualities of selected corridors, improve distinct roads in a careful and considerate way, and promote a greater awareness of and appreciation for the state's scenic, recreational, historical and cultural resources, according to the Federal Highway Administration. These actions provide economic benefits by stimulating tourism.<ref name=MSP>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Staffers for State Representative Peter Pettalia of Presque Isle said that the point of the program, in context of the 2014 change to the Pure Michigan Byway name, was to get people to drive the selected roads and spend money at local businesses.<ref name=lehndorff/>
Additions to the system are made when local organizations apply to MDOT through a two-stage process. First, a local organization proposes the addition, verifying that the suggested byway is a state trunkline highway and noting which local governments support the designation. MDOT reviews this pre-application to determine initial eligibility. If the proposed byway is determined to be eligible, the organization is asked to submit a full application to the department for approval.<ref name=apply>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The full process can take up to seven years to complete.<ref name=OldUS31>Template:Cite news</ref> The MDOT director compiles a report annually that is submitted to the governor, members of the Michigan Legislature and members of the State Transportation Commission; this report details any new additions in the previous year and any changes or deletions affecting the system.<ref name=2014report/>
Types and requirementsEdit
The three types of byways are defined in Public Act 69 of 1993, the legislation that originally established the system. The Legislature defined these types to be:
- Historic
- significant to the history, archeology, architecture, engineering, or culture of this state.
- Recreational
- facilities normally associated with leisure-time activities, including, but not limited to, parks, public access sites, wildlife refuges, forest areas, marinas, swimming areas, hiking trails, and sightseeing areas.
- Scenic
- an area of outstanding natural beauty whose features include, but are not limited to, significant natural features such as vegetation, land form, water, and open areas with exceptional vistas and views, that singly or in combination make that area unique and distinct in character.<ref name=PA69/>
In his annual report to the State Legislature at the end of 2014, MDOT Director Kirk Steudle described an additional three categories of byway not listed in the legislation setting up the system.
- Cultural
- A state highway traversing an area with unique cultural and/or ethnic heritage amenities such as art galleries, theaters, opera houses, restaurants, markets, and music venues.
- Archaeological
- A state highway traversing a corridor with ruins, artifacts, and structural remains.
- Natural
- A state highway that traverses a corridor with natural features that are relatively undisturbed, unique geological landforms, vegetation, water bodies, or conservation areas.<ref name=Dec2014report/>
In establishing specific objective criteria related to the selection of potential byways, MDOT has set up limitations on these classifications. Regardless of classification, all byways are supported with a management plan for the corridor designed to deal with protection, preservation, and enhancement of the roadway. All routes are given specific termini points with a reasonable length. They must also have the backing of local units of government, landowners and organizations.<ref name=criteria/> No specific criteria have been published for cultural, archaeological or natural byways.<ref name=Dec2014report/>
Historic byways are assessed based on the numbers of sites listed, or eligible for listing, on the National Register of Historic Places. These sites need to be visible from the route of the byway, or, in the case of historic districts, a "substantial portion of the district must lie adjacent to the highway".<ref name=criteria/> Local organizations backing a proposed historic byway must also have promotional plans and demonstrate coordination with state agencies related to state history.<ref name=criteria/>
Recreational byways must be used mainly for recreational purposes, connecting to one or more recreation sites. They can also connect multiple sites together with a common theme, and they are assessed on their scenic qualities with lower inclusion standards than scenic byways.<ref name=criteria/>
Scenic byways must exclude commercial or industrial zones adjacent to the trunkline. These roads are also assessed on qualities such as the uniqueness, vividness, intactness, unity, and viewshed of the roadway and its surrounding environment as set up in department guidelines.<ref name=criteria>Template:Cite book</ref>
HistoryEdit
Template:Multiple image The Michigan Heritage Route System was created after Public Act 69 of 1993 was signed into law on June 22, 1993, going into effect immediately. The law required MDOT to set up specific criteria and procedures related to selecting and maintaining heritage routes, subject to approval of the Legislature.<ref name=PA69/> Since the program was put into operation in 1993, 16 heritage routes have been approved by the department. The first two were approved in 1995 at opposite ends of the state: a scenic route along US Highway 41 (US 41) in the Keweenaw Peninsula region of the northern UP<ref name=CCTNCB/><ref name=meyer/> and a historic route along M-125 in downtown Monroe in the southeastern corner of the LP.<ref name=MonroeStreet/><ref name=MonroeStreetDes/> The first recreational route was approved in 1998 along M-15 in the southeastern LP.<ref name=m15/> Since 2008, local groups have proposed the creation of a heritage route along the former West Michigan Pike (US 31) on the western side of the LP<ref name=OldUS31/> and a loop around Ontonagon County in the western UP.<ref name=2014report/><ref name=MRHmap/> In a department report dated December 22, 2014, the UP byway was no longer under active proposal,<ref name=Dec2014report>Template:Cite letter</ref> and the West Michigan Pike was dedicated on July 25, 2016.<ref name=WMTA/>
The Legislature proposed another change to the system in 2013 to rename the Heritage Routes in the system to Pure Michigan Byways under a bill introduced in the state House of Representatives.<ref name=hubbard>Template:Cite news</ref> The bill passed in the House in March 2014,<ref name=lehndorff>Template:Cite news</ref> and the state Senate during the lame duck session in December 2014.<ref name=HB5072>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sponsors of the bill said that including the highways in the Pure Michigan tourism advertising campaign would provide promotional benefits, and they stated that the change "allows the state to comply with federal changes, which require the word 'route' be changed to 'byway'."<ref name=lehndorff/> The bill received the governor's signature and was filed on December 30, 2014,<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> taking effect as Public Act 445 that day. MDOT had one year from that effective date to obtain a trademark license from the Michigan Economic Development Corporation, owners of the Pure Michigan trademark, and to unveil the new signage bearing the updated program name.<ref name=PA445>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They unveiled the new signage as part of the dedication of the M-134 North Huron Byway in October 2015.<ref name=M-134-FreePress>Template:Cite news</ref>
ListEdit
There are six historic, seven recreational and six scenic byways in Michigan, with one additional route proposed.
| Type | Name | Length (mi)<ref name="PRFA">Template:Cite MDOT PRFA</ref> | Length (km) | Southern or western terminus | Northern or eastern terminus | Date | Description | Template:Abbr | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proposed | Bridge to the Clouds | Template:Convert | Loop in Ontonagon County | — | Would follow US 45, M-26, M-38, M-64, and M-28 connecting Bruce Crossing, Ontonagon, Silver City and Bergland; proposal inactive Template:As of | <ref name=2014report>Template:Cite letter</ref><ref name=Dec2014report/><ref name=MRHmap/> | ||||
| Historic | Center Avenue Heritage Route | Template:Convert | Madison Avenue in Bay City | Livingston Street in Bay City | Template:Dts | Originally named the "Bay City Historic Heritage Route"; follows M-25 through the Center Avenue Neighborhood Residential District in Bay City, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places | <ref name=BCHR>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite map</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | |||
| Recreational | Chief Noonday Trail Recreational Heritage Route | Template:Convert | US 131 in Bradley | M-43 near Hastings | Template:Dts | Follows M-179 in Allegan and Barry counties providing access to Gun Lake and the Yankee Springs State Recreation Area | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite map</ref><ref name=google>Template:Google maps</ref> | ||
| Scenic | Copper Country Trail | Template:Convert | Portage Lake Lift Bridge in Hancock | M-26 in Copper Harbor | Template:Dts | Follows US 41 in the Copper Country; also designated as a National Scenic Byway by the Federal Highway Administration; first Scenic Heritage Route in the state | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref name=meyer>Template:Cite news</ref> | ||
| Recreational | Huron Shores Heritage Route | Template:Convert | Cedar Street in Standish | Nicolet Avenue in Mackinaw City | Template:Dts | Originally named the "Sunrise Side Coastal Highway"; follows US 23 along the Lake Huron shoreline | <ref name=ICNH04>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | |||
| Recreational | I-69 Recreational Heritage Route | Template:Convert | Indiana state line south of Kinderhook | Calhoun–Eaton county line | Template:Dts | Follows I-69 from the Indiana state line in Branch and Calhoun counties in the southern Lower Peninsula | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | |||
| Historic | Iron County Heritage Trail | Template:Convert | M-189 (4th Avenue) in Iron River | 5th Street in Crystal Falls | Template:Dts | Follows US 2 through Iron County past sites such as the Iron County Courthouse and the local museums on the area's iron mining heritage | <ref>Template:Cite map</ref><ref>Template:Cite letter</ref> | |||
| Scenic | Leelanau Scenic Heritage Route | Template:Convert | Benzie–Leelanau county line south of Empire | M-72 in Traverse City | Template:Dts | Follows M-22 (Template:Convert) and M-109 (Template:Convert) around the Leelanau Peninsula, along the Lake Michigan and Grand Traverse Bay shorelines and includes M-204 (Template:Convert) across the peninsula | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | ||
| Scenic | M-22 Pure Michigan Byway | Template:Convert | US 31 north of Manistee | Benzie–Leelanau county line south of Empire | Template:Dts | Follows M-22 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | ||
| Recreational | M-134 North Huron Byway | Template:Convert | I-75 north of St. Ignace | Four Corners on Drummond Island | Template:Dts | Follows M-134 along the Lake Huron shoreline across the southeastern section of the Upper Peninsula and onto Drummond Island | <ref name=M-134-FreePress/><ref name=MRHmap>Template:Cite map</ref><ref name=eppley/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | |||
| Historic | Marshall's Territorial Road Heritage Route | Template:Convert | Western Marshall city limits | Eastern Marshall city limits | Template:Dts | Follows Business Loop I-94 along the former Territorial Road in downtown Marshall past 30 historical markers and four museums | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | |||
| Historic | Monroe Historic Heritage Route | Template:Convert | Southern Monroe city limits | Northern Monroe city limits | Template:Dts | Follows M-125 through downtown Monroe and next to the East Elm–North Macomb Street Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref name=MonroeStreetDes>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=NPS-Monroe>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| Scenic | Old Mission Peninsula Scenic Heritage Route | Template:Convert | Peninsula Drive north of Traverse City | Cul-de-sac at Old Mission Lighthouse | Template:Dts | Follows M-37 along the Old Mission Peninsula north of Traverse City through vineyards and orchards bounded by the East and West arms of Grand Traverse Bay | <ref name=OldMission>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite map</ref> | |||
| Recreational | Pathway to Family Fun Recreational Heritage Route | Template:Convert | Waldron Road in Clarkston | M-25 in Bay City | Template:Dts | Originally named the "Miles to Smiles Recreational Heritage Route"; follows M-15 from Clarkston in Oakland County to Bay City providing access to parks and campgrounds in the area | <ref name=m15>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | |||
| Scenic | Tahquamenon Scenic Byway | Template:Convert | M-28 south of Newberry | M-28 near Eckerman | Template:Dts | Originally a locally designated byway in 1998 named the Tahquamenon Heritage Trail and later named the Tahquamenon Scenic Heritage Route when recognized by the state; follows M-123 in an inverted U-shape north of M-28 in Luce and Chippewa counties past the Tahquamenon Falls State Park | <ref name=eppley>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | ||
| Scenic | Top of the Lake Scenic Byway | Template:Convert | M-149 at Thompson | I-75 in St. Ignace | Template:Dts | Follows US 2 along the northern shoreline of Lake Michigan | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | |||
| Scenic | Tunnel of Trees Scenic Heritage Route | Template:Convert | Western Harbor Springs city limits | C-66/C-77 (State Road) in Cross Village | Template:Dts | Follows M-119 through the "Tunnel of Trees" | <ref name=tunnel>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite map</ref> | |||
| Recreational | UP Hidden Coast Recreational Heritage Trail | Template:Convert | Wisconsin state line in Menominee | Mather Avenue in Gladstone | Template:Dts | Follows M-35, US 2, and US 41 proving access to recreational areas along the Green Bay and Little Bay de Noc | <ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | |||
| Historic | US 12 Heritage Trail | Template:Convert | Indiana state line in New Buffalo | Woodward Avenue in Detroit | Template:Dts | Follows US 12 parallel to the route of an original 19th-century stagecoach trail from Detroit to Chicago across the southern Lower Peninsula, including segments previously designated separately along Michigan Avenue in Saline in May 2001 and in Lenawee County in October 2002 | <ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | |||
| Historic | West Michigan Pike Pure Michigan Byway | Template:Convert | Indiana state line south of New Buffalo | Ludington | Template:Dts | Follows I-94; M-63; I-196; US 31; the BL I-196 routings for South Haven and Holland; the Bus. US 31 routings for Muskegon, Whitehall–Montague, Pentwater and Ludington; and US 10 parallel to the route of the former West Michigan Pike and along the Lake Michigan shoreline | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref name=WOOD2016-07-25>Template:Cite news</ref> | ||
| Recreational | Woodward Avenue Recreational Heritage Route | Template:Convert | Jefferson Avenue in Detroit | Cesar E. Chavez Boulevard in Pontiac | Template:Dts | Follows M-1 and BL I-75/Bus. US 24 (Woodward Avenue) connecting to museums, theaters and parks in Metro Detroit; also designated the Automotive Heritage Trail All-American Road by the Federal Highway Administration and a part of the MotorCity National Heritage Area | <ref name=ballou>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite map</ref> | |||
- Center Avenue Neighborhood Residential District Bay City MI A.JPG
Center Avenue Heritage Route in Bay City
- CoveredTrailUS41.jpg
Covered trail section of US 41 south of Copper Harbor, part of the Copper Country Trail
- US 23 and Lake Huron 2.jpg
US 23 running next to Lake Huron
- M-22 fall color.jpg
Fall color along M-22, part of the Leelanau Scenic Heritage Route
- Drummond Island Ferry.jpg
SS Drummond Islander IV carrying M-134 between DeTour Village and Drummond Island
- MarshallMIDowntown2.jpg
Michigan Avenue downtown Marshall, part of the Territorial Road
- MonroeDowntown.jpg
Monroe Street (M-125) downtown Monroe
- Pastoral-barn.jpg
A pastoral farm scene on the Old Mission Peninsula near M-37
- 2009-0618-TahquamenonFalls.jpg
Tahquamenon Falls near M-123 in Luce County
- US2 Along Lake Michigan.jpg
US 2 along Lake Michigan, the Top of the Lake Scenic Byway
- 2009-0619-UP022-TunnelofTrees.jpg
M-119's Tunnel of Trees without a centerline
- M35G12Forest.jpg
M-35 in Menominee County, dubbed the UP's Hidden Coast
- Iron Brigade Memorial Highway Sign.JPG
US 12 in Pittsfield Township
- US Route 31 Oceana Drive (Michigan).jpg
US 31 in Oceana County
- 2007 Dream Cruise photo.jpg
Woodward Avenue during the Woodward Dream Cruise in 2007
See alsoEdit
Template:Portal Michigan has three National Forest Scenic Byways that run along county roads and a National Park Service-maintained scenic drive, which are ineligible to be Pure Michigan Byways:
- Black River National Forest Scenic Byway
- River Road National Forest Scenic Byway (also a National Scenic Byway)
- Whitefish Bay National Forest Scenic Byway
- Pierce Stocking Scenic Drive
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Sister project Template:Attached KML
- Pure Michigan Byways (Michigan Heritage Routes) at Michigan Highways