Template:Use mdy dates Template:Short description Template:About other people Template:Infobox politician Edward E. Clark (born May 4, 1930) is an American lawyer and politician who ran for governor of California in 1978, and for president of the United States as the nominee of the Libertarian Party in the 1980 presidential election.
BackgroundEdit
Clark was born in Middleborough, Massachusetts, in 1930.<ref name = OAC>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He is an honors graduate of Tabor Academy, Dartmouth College, and received a J.D. degree from Harvard Law School.<ref name=People>Template:Cite magazine</ref> He was in active service in the United States Navy from 1952 to 1954, as a lieutenant (junior grade), and was a reservist until 1965.<ref name = OAC/>
Clark worked as a corporate lawyer with ARCO, first in New York City and then in Los Angeles.<ref name = OAC/><ref name = Boaz>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name = AClark>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Once a liberal Republican, he joined the Libertarian Party following President Richard Nixon's imposition of wage and price controls in 1971.<ref name=People/> In 1972, he was the first chairman of the Libertarian Party of New York, and chaired the Libertarian Party of California from 1973 to 1974.<ref name = OAC/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1970, Clark married Alicia Garcia, a Mexican-born textiles executive. She chaired the Libertarian National Committee from 1981 to 1983.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The couple are longtime supporters of the Los Angeles Opera.<ref name = AClark/>
1978 California gubernatorial campaignEdit
In 1978, Clark received some 377,960 votes, 5.5% of the popular vote, in a race for governor of California. Although a member of the Libertarian Party, he appeared on the California ballot as an independent candidate, due to ballot access laws.<ref name = Boaz/><ref>Doherty, Brian. Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement, New York: Publicaffairs, p. 406</ref>
Another factor leading to the unprecedented (for California) 5.5% vote total for Clark was his libertarian campaign occurring the same year as the successful Proposition 13 which limited property taxes, and the unsuccessful anti-gay Briggs Initiative (Proposition 6). Clark and the California Libertarian Party campaigned in support for Proposition 13<ref>Doherty, pp. 405–406</ref> and in opposition to Proposition 6<ref>Libertarian Review, vol. 7 no. October 9, 1978</ref> both of which turned out people to the polls who might be more inclined to favor a libertarian candidate.
Clark lost the race to Jerry Brown, who was re-elected with 56.0% of the vote. Republican nominee Evelle J. Younger had 36.5% of the vote.<ref>JoinCalifornia election history for the state of California, November 7, 1978</ref>
1980 presidential campaignEdit
In 1979 Clark won the Libertarian Party presidential nomination at the party's convention in Los Angeles, California. He published a book on his programs, A New Beginning, with an introduction by Eugene McCarthy. During the campaign, Clark positioned himself as a peace candidate and emphasized both large budget and tax cuts, as well as outreach to liberals and progressives unhappy with the resumption of Selective Service registration and the arms race with the Soviet Union.<ref>See The "Ed Clark: Isolationist Libertarian" television adTemplate:Dead link and NBC's August 8, 1980 profile of the Libertarian PartyTemplate:Dead link</ref> Clark was endorsed by the Peoria Journal Star of Peoria, Illinois.<ref>Doherty, p. 414</ref>
When asked in a television interview to summarize libertarianism, Clark used the phrase "low-tax liberalism," causing some consternation among traditional libertarian theorists, most notably Murray Rothbard.<ref>Doherty, p. 415</ref><ref>Raimondo, Justin. An Enemy of the State: The Life of Murray N. Rothbard, Prometheus Books</ref> Clark's running to the center marked the start of a split within the Libertarian Party between a moderate faction led by Ed Crane and a radical faction led by Rothbard<ref>Hayes, Christopher. "Ron Paul's Roots". The Nation, December 6, 2007</ref> that eventually came to a head in 1983, with the moderate faction walking out of the party convention after the nomination for the 1984 presidential race went to David Bergland.<ref>Doherty, pp. 418–421</ref>
Ed Clark's running mate in 1980 was David H. Koch of Koch Industries,<ref>Leonard, Christopher. Kochland: The Secret History of Koch Industries and Corporate Power in America, p. 2. Simon and Schuster, 2019.</ref> who pledged part of his personal fortune to the campaign for the vice-presidential nomination, enabling the Clark/Koch ticket to largely self-fund and run national television advertising.
Clark received 921,128 votes (1.1% of the total nationwide);<ref>1980 Presidential General Election Results, Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.</ref> the highest number and percentage of popular votes a Libertarian Party candidate had ever received in a presidential race up to that point. His strongest support was in Alaska, where he came in third place with 11.7% of the vote, finishing ahead of independent candidate John Anderson and receiving almost half as many votes as Jimmy Carter.<ref>1980 Presidential General Election Results – Alaska, Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.</ref> Clark's record for most votes won by a Libertarian presidential candidate stood for 32 years until it was broken by Gary Johnson in 2012. His Libertarian vote percentage of 1.1% ranks 3rd behind Johnson's 3.3% showing in 2016 and Jo Jorgensen's 1.2% performance in 2020.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>2012 Presidential General Election Results, Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.</ref><ref>2016 Presidential General Election Results, Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.</ref>
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
External linksEdit
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