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}}Template:Main other Nova Friburgo ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Langx {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Langx), commonly referred to as just Friburgo, is a municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro in southeastern Brazil. It is located in the mountainous region, in the Center Mesoregion of the state, Template:Convert from the capital Rio de Janeiro. The town is Template:Convert above sea level, with a population of 191,158 (2020) and its area is 933 km2.<ref>IBGE - [1]</ref>
The main economic activities are the undergarment industry, olericulture, goat raising, various industries (textile, clothing, metallurgy) and tourism. It is also the coldest city of the state.
HistoryEdit
Up to the 19th century, the region of the present Nova Friburgo was inhabited by Coroado Purí Indians.<ref>Os índios de Sumidouro. Available in http://sumidouro.chez.com/indios.htm. Access on 9 September 2012.</ref><ref>Nova Friburgo entra para a história. Available in http://www.swissinfo.ch/por/specials/Suicos_do_estrangeiro/Nova_Friburgo_entra_para_a_historia.html?cid=875208. Access on 9 September 2012.</ref> In 1818, King John VI was interested in improving the relationship with Germany, in order to obtain support against the French empire. He then proposed a planned settlement that would promote the civilization in Brazil. A royal decree of May 1818, authorized the Canton of Fribourg of Switzerland,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to establish a colony of 100 Swiss families in the Morro Queimado Farm, in Cantagalo District, a place with climate and natural characteristics similar to those in their country.
Between 1819 and 1820, the region was settled by 265 Swiss families, in total 1,458 immigrants. It was named Nova Friburgo (New Fribourg) by the Swiss after the homeland of most of the families.
Following the Independence of Brazil in 1822, the Imperial Government continued the policy of populating the nation by attracting European colonization. Eighty German families previously assigned to settlements in the Province of Bahia, for unknown reasons ended up in Nova Friburgo, where they arrived on the 3 and 4 May 1824.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Similar arrivals of Italians, Portuguese and a minority of Syrians led to such population increases that the once village was elevated to city status on 8 January 1890.
In 1872, the Baron of Nova Friburgo brought to the region the Leopoldina Railroad, to allow for the flow of the coffee from Cantagalo. Agriculture was the basis of economic activity until 1910, when the arrival of industrialists pioneered the development of an industrial sector still thriving to the present day. Of similar importance was the relative proximity to Niterói and Rio de Janeiro and the improvement of transport and communication links such as paved roads and telegraph. This encouraged a small tourist industry to grow, which, together with local commerce, became the main source of income for the city.
Nova Friburgo was affected by the 2011 Brazilian floods on 11 January with mudslides causing at least 820 deaths and more than 200 people to go missing in the biggest natural disaster in the history of Brazil. The population was left with no water, electricity, food or gas.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
GeographyEdit
ClimateEdit
Nova Friburgo has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification Cwb), with fresh and dry winters and humid and mild summers. Annual average temperature is Template:Convert. The hottest temperature ever recorded was Template:Convert on 15 October 1948, and the coldest temperature ever recorded was Template:Convert on 8 August 2014.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
EconomyEdit
The city has a strong drive towards tourism due to the landscape, rivers, trails and bucolic spots. It has the second largest network of hotels of the state, after the capital Rio de Janeiro. The urban district is visited for its cold climate, the tranquility and romanticism. However, there are also attractions more distant to the center, which are appreciated by those who are interested in ecotourism and adventure sports like rafting and canoeing. The district of Lumiar is one of the most important sites for these sports in the state.
Nova Friburgo is known as the national capital of the undergarment industry, due to the vast production and variety of models, and the local brands begin to compete in the international market. Other major industries include textile mills and metallurgic industries.
Agriculture is important in the area of olericulture and goat raising, as well as in the production of flowers, of which the municipality is the second largest producer in the country, surmounted only by Holambra, in the state of São Paulo.
The municipality contains part of the Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic of conservation units, created in 2006.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> It contains Template:Convert of the Template:Convert Macaé de Cima Environmental Protection Area, created in 2001.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
TourismEdit
The main attractions of the city are:
- Alpine-style architecture of the buildings of MuryShopping, the Bucsky and Garlipp hotels and the restaurant Bräun & Bräun
- "Casa Suiça" (the Swiss House)
- Cheese-making school FRIALP
- District of Lumiar
- District of São Pedro da Serra
- Encontro dos Rios (merging of rivers Macaé and Bonito)
- Gastronomic center, in the district of Mury
- Getulio Vargas Square
- Marcilio Dias Square, which marks the beginning of the settlement, for it is the area where the first Germans camped, coming from Europe
- Nova Friburgo Country Club
- Park of Furnas do Catete, with the Cão Sentado (Sitting Dog) Stone
- Pedra Riscada (scratched stone)
- Saint John Baptist Cathedral
- Suspiro Square, with the biggest chairlift of the country
- The municipality contains 19% of the Template:Convert Três Picos State Park, created in 2002.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
DemographicsEdit
- Population: 202,085
- Urban: 178,377
- Rural: 23,708
- Male: 97,253
- Female: 104,832
Racial compositionEdit
- White: 78.3%
- Pardo (multiracial): 13.9%
- Black: 7.0%
- Asian: 0.1%
- Indigenous: 0.1%
- 0.5% not reported
(Source: IBGE)
Ethnic groupsEdit
Portuguese, Swiss, German, Italian, Austrian, Spanish, Lebanese, African, Hungarian, Japanese.
GalleryEdit
- Nova friburgo av alberto braune 1940.jpg
Alberto Braune Avenue in 1940
- Nova friburgo hotel gloria 1940.jpg
Gloria Hotel (right), 1940
- Colégio Anchieta em Nova Friburgo.jpg
Side view of the school
- Lumiar.jpeg
Lumiar district, outskirts of Nova Friburgo
- Park Hotel 18.jpg
Park Hotel
- Parque Dos Tres Picos.jpg
- UERJ em Nova Friburgo.jpg
Campus of Rio de Janeiro State University in Nova Friburgo
- Circuito Terê-Fri - RJ - panoramio.jpg
Countryside
- Estrada entre fazendas.JPG
Horses in a bucolic scene in the rural region of the municipality
- Caminho pros Três Picos.jpg
Vale dos Frades (Frades Valley)
- Vista da cidade de Nova Friburgo de cima do Pico da Caledônia.jpg
View of Nova Friburgo from Caledônia peak
Notable peopleEdit
- Edson Barboza, professional mixed martial artist and former Muay Thai kickboxer
- Saudade Braga, first female mayor of the municipality
- Jhennifer Conceição, swimmer
- Rafael Galhardo, football player
- Marlon Moraes, professional mixed martial artist
- Gustavo Nery, football player
- Benito di Paula, singer-songwriter and pianist