Jigme Wangchuck

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File:Picture of king Jigme Wangchuck at Thimpu airport Bhutan.jpg

Picture of Dragon King Jigme Wangchuck at Paro International Airport

Template:Wangchuck Kings of Bhutan Jigme Wangchuck (Template:Langx, Template:Bo; 1905 – 30 March 1952) was the (Dzongkha འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པ) 2nd Druk Gyalpo or king of Bhutan from 26 August 1926, until his death. He pursued legal and infrastructural reform during his reign. Bhutan continued to maintain almost complete isolation from the outside world during this period; its only foreign relations were with the British Raj in India, under which Bhutan was a protected state. He was succeeded by his son, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck.

Early lifeEdit

Jigme Wangchuck was born in 1905, at the Thinley Rabten Palace in Wangdue Phodrang District. He received his education at Wangduechhoeling Palace, where he learned English and Hindi and received a religious education.<ref name="LD30">Lham Dorji, p. 30</ref> As the first son of Ugyen Wangchuck, Jigme was expected to succeed his father; accordingly, he was given the title Penlop of Trongsa in 1923.<ref name="LD31">Lham Dorji, p. 31</ref>

ReignEdit

Jigme Wangchuck ascended to the throne in 1926, after the death of Ugyen Wangchuck; he received his formal coronation in Punakha on 14 March 1927.<ref name="LD32">Lham Dorji, p. 32</ref> He primarily focused his energies on internal construction and infrastructure projects: for instance, Jigme oversaw the renovation of dzongs and monasteries in eastern Bhutan,<ref name="LD35">Lham Dorji, p. 35</ref> and founded and renovated several schools in the country.<ref name="LD39">Lham Dorji, p. 39</ref> He also built several royal residences, including the Kuenga Rabten winter palace in Trongsa and additional residences at Samdrupcholing and Domkhar.<ref name="LD33">Lham Dorji, p. 33</ref> Jigme was interested in other infrastructural projects, such as improving roads and modernizing medical facilities, but was unable to pursue those projects due to a lack of revenue.<ref name="LD38">Lham Dorji, p. 38</ref> Jigme also paid close attention to the administration of Bhutan's laws. He discouraged capital punishment for all crimes besides murder, reduced the judicial fees on the citizenry, and allowed citizens to call on him to appeal the judgments of lower officials.<ref>Lham Dorji, pp. 44–45</ref>

Jigme's foreign policy was primarily isolationist, though he followed his father in maintaining friendly relations with the British Raj. When World War II broke out, Jigme sent 100,000 rupees to the Raj as a gesture of goodwill. In return, the Raj protected Bhutan's isolation by preventing Westerners from visiting the country.<ref>Lham Dorji, pp. 36–37</ref> After India became independent, Jigme sent a delegation to initiate diplomatic relations between India and Bhutan; this meeting led to the 1949 friendship treaty between the two nations, in which Bhutan agreed to let India "guide" its foreign policy. This treaty also saw India paying an annual subsidy to Bhutan and handing over 32 square miles of land in Dewangiri.<ref>Lham Dorji, pp. 37–38</ref>

Early in 1952, Jigme fell ill, and witnessed omens that convinced him he would die. Consequently, he resolved to spend his last days practicing archery, which was one of his favorite pastimes; however, his condition deteriorated during this time, and after ten days he had become too sick to continue with archery. He retired to the Kuenga Rabten Palace, where he died on 30 March.<ref name="LD45">Lham Dorji, p. 45</ref>

ChildrenEdit

The Second King, Jigme Wangchuck, had five children with his two cross cousins, Ashi Phuntsho Choden and her sister, Ashi Pema Dechen:

The Third King (Druk Gyalpo) Jigme Dorji Wangchuck (by his first wife).
Princess (Druk Gyalsem) Choki Wangmo Wangchuck (by his second wife).
Prince (Druk Gyalsey) Namgyel Wangchuck, 26th Penlop of Paro (by his second wife).
Princess (Druk Gyalsem) Deki Yangzom Wangchuck (by his second wife).
Princess (Druk Gyalsem) Pema Choden Wangchuck (by his second wife).

Princess Choki Wangmo Wangchuck had two daughters, Ashi Deki Choden and Ashi Sonam Yulgyal.

Princess Pema Choden Wangchuck had four children; Ashi Namden, Dasho Namgyel Dawa (Tulku Namgyel Rinpoche), Dasho Wangchen Dawa (Kathok Situ Rinpoche) and Dasho Leon Rabten.

Princess Deki Yangzom Wangchuck had six children; Ashi Lhazen Nizal Rica, Dasho Jigme Namgyal, Dasho Wangchuck Dorji Namgyal, Ashi Yiwang Pindarica, Ashi Namzay Kumutha and the late Ashi Dechen.