Matthew Lyon

Template:Short description Template:Good article Template:Use mdy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | bodyclass = vcard | bodystyle = {{#if:|width: {{{mainwidth}}}}} | child = {{{embed}}}

| abovestyle = font-size: 100%;

| above = {{#if:|

{{{honorific-prefix}}}

}}

{{#if:|

{{{honorific-suffix}}}

}}

| subheaderstyle = font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;

| subheader = {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes||{{#if:|{{#if:|

}}{{{native_name}}}{{#if:|

}}}}}}

| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=Matthew Lyon (Vermont Congressman) 2.jpg|size=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|size=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image3 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | captionstyle = line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em; | caption{{#if:|3|{{#if:|2}}}} =

| headerstyle = color: #202122; {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes|background:#eee|background:lavender}}

| data2 = | header3 = {{#if:Template:Birth datenear Dublin, Ireland Template:Death date and age Spadra Bluff, Arkansas, U.S. (now Clarksville)Democratic-RepublicanMary Horsford
Beulah Chittenden12, including Chittenden|Personal details}} | label4 = Pronunciation | data4 =

| label5 = Born | data5 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br

|1 = {{#if:|

{{{birthname}}}

}}

|2 = Template:Birth date
|3 = near Dublin, Ireland
}}

| label6 = Died | data6 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br|Template:Death date and age|Spadra Bluff, Arkansas, U.S. (now Clarksville)}}

| label7 = {{#ifexpr: Template:Strfind short

   | Manner |{{#if:|Manner|Cause}} }} of death

| data7 = {{#if:||}}

| label8 = Resting place | class8 = label | data8 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br||}}

| label9 = Citizenship | data9 =

| label10 = Nationality | data10 = {{#switch:{{#invoke:delink|delink|}} | {{#ifeq:Template:Country2nationality|{{#invoke:delink|delink|}}|{{#invoke:delink|delink|}}}} = | {{#ifeq:Template:Find country|England|British}} = | #default = }}

| label11 = Political party | data11 = {{#switch:Democratic-Republican | = | Democrat | Democratic | Democrat = Democratic | Republican | United States Republican Party | Republican | Republican Party = Republican | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Labour Party | Labour = Labour | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Liberal Party | Liberal = Liberal | KMT | Kuomintang | KMT | KMT | Kuomintang | Kuomintang (KMT) | Kuomintang (KMT) = Kuomintang | DPP | DPP | Democratic Progressive Party = Democratic Progressive Party | #default = Democratic-Republican }}

| label12 = Other political
affiliations | data12 =

| label13 = Height | data13 = {{#if:|Template:Infobox person/height}}

| label14 = Spouse{{#if:|s|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize|Mary Horsford
Beulah Chittenden|likely=(s)|plural=s}}}} | data14 = Mary Horsford
Beulah Chittenden

| label15 = Domestic partner{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data15 =

| label16 = Relations | data16 =

| label17 = Children | data17 = 12, including Chittenden

| label18 = Parent{{#if:|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}}|{{#ifexpr:Template:Count > 1|s}}}} | data18 = {{#if:|{{{parents}}}|{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|{{#if:|{{{father}}} (father)}}|{{#if:|{{{mother}}} (mother)}}}}}}

| label19 = Relatives | data19 =

| label20 = Residence{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | class20 = {{#if:Template:Death date and age Spadra Bluff, Arkansas, U.S. (now Clarksville)||label}} | data20 =

| label21 = Education | data21 =

| label22 = Alma mater | data22 =

| label23 = Occupation | data23 =

| label24 = Profession | data24 =

| label25 = Known for | data25 =

| label26 = Salary | data26 =

| label27 = Cabinet | data27 =

| label28 = Committees | data28 =

| label29 = Portfolio | data29 =

| label30 = {{#if:|Civilian awards|Awards}} | data30 =

| label31 = {{{blank1}}} | data31 =

| label32 = {{{blank2}}} | data32 =

| label33 = {{{blank3}}} | data33 =

| label34 = {{{blank4}}} | data34 =

| label35 = {{{blank5}}} | data35 =

| label36 = Signature | data36 = {{#if:Signature of Matthew Lyon (c. 1750–1822).png|Matthew Lyon's signature}}

| label37 = Website | data37 =

| label38 = Nickname{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data38 =

| header39 = {{#if:|Military service}}

| label40 = Allegiance | data40 =

| label41 = {{#if:||Branch/service}} | data41 =

| label42 = {{#if:||Years of service}} | data42 =

| label43 = {{#if:||Rank}} | data43 =

| label44 = {{#if:||Unit}} | data44 =

| label45 = Commands | data45 =

| label46 = {{#if:||Battles/wars}} | data46 =

| label47 = {{#if:|Military awards|Awards}} | data47 =

| label48 = {{{military_blank1}}} | data48 =

| label49 = {{{military_blank2}}} | data49 =

| label50 = {{{military_blank3}}} | data50 =

| label51 = {{{military_blank4}}} | data51 =

| label52 = {{{military_blank5}}} | data52 =

| below =

{{#if:| As of {{{date}}}{{#if:|, {{{year}}}}}}}

{{#if:|Source: [{{{source}}}]}}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }}

Matthew Lyon (July 14, 1749 – August 1, 1822) was an Irish-born American printer, farmer, soldier and politician, who served as a United States representative from both Vermont and Kentucky.

Lyon represented Vermont in Congress from 1797 to 1801, and represented Kentucky from 1803 to 1811. His tenure in Congress was tumultuous. He brawled with one Congressman, and was jailed on charges of violating the Sedition Act, winning re-election to Congress from inside his jail cell.

Lyon's trial, conviction, and incarceration boosted his status among the fledgling Democratic-Republican Party as a free-speech martyr.<ref name=miller51109>Template:Harvnb</ref>

Early life and military careerEdit

Lyon attended school in Dublin, after having been born in nearby County Wicklow, Ireland.<ref name="McLaughlin 1900 page=28">Template:Harvnb</ref> Some sources indicate that his father was executed for treason against the British government of Ireland, and Lyon worked as a boy to help support his widowed mother.<ref name="McLaughlin 1900 page=28"/> He began to learn the printer and bookbinder trades in 1763, but emigrated to Connecticut as a redemptioner in 1764.<ref name = "Coyle">Template:Cite magazine</ref> To pay his debt, he worked for Jabez Bacon, a farmer and merchant in Woodbury.<ref name = "Coyle"/> The debt was later purchased by merchant and farmer Hugh Hannah of Litchfield; while working for Hannah (or Hanna), Lyon continued his education through self-study when he was able.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name = "Coyle"/> By working for wages when he was permitted, Lyon saved enough to purchase the remainder of his indenture, and he became a free man in 1768.<ref name = "Coyle"/>

While living in Connecticut, Lyon became acquainted with many individuals who became the first white settlers of Vermont.<ref name = "Coyle"/> In 1774, Lyon moved to Wallingford, Vermont (then known as the New Hampshire Grants), where he farmed and organized a company of militia.<ref name = "Coyle"/><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> He was an adjutant in Colonel Seth Warner's regiment in Canada in 1775, and in July 1776 was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Green Mountain Boys' regiment.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> He moved to Arlington, Vermont, in 1777.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>

During the Revolutionary War, Lyon initially served under Horatio Gates in upstate New York and Vermont.<ref name="McLaughlin 1900 page=127">Template:Harvnb</ref> In a version of the event later circulated by his political opponents, he was cashiered for cowardice and ordered to carry a wooden sword to represent his shame.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> In Lyon's version, he and his men were assigned to guard wheat growing in the fields near Jericho, Vermont; unhappy at not being put to good use, he asked to leave Gates' command and join the regiment commanded by Seth Warner.<ref name = "Coyle"/><ref name="McLaughlin 1900 page=127"/> Lyon's conduct was vindicated by both Arthur St. Clair and James Wilkinson.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Lyon subsequently joined Warner's regiment as a paymaster with the rank of captain, and served during the Battle of Bennington and other actions.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> After leaving Warner's Regiment following the Battle of Saratoga, Lyon continued his revolutionary activity, serving as a member of Vermont's Council of Safety, a captain in the militia (later advancing to colonel), paymaster general of the Vermont Militia, deputy secretary to Governor Thomas Chittenden, and assistant to Vermont's treasurer.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Political career in VermontEdit

File:Lyon's Fair Haven House.jpg

The Fair Haven home of Matthew Lyon

Lyon served as a member from Arlington in the Vermont House of Representatives from 1779 to 1783.<ref name="Forbes">Template:Cite magazine</ref> He founded Fair Haven, Vermont in 1783 and returned to the state House of Representatives from 1787 to 1796 as its member.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>Template:Refn<ref name="Impeached1"/> In October 1785, while serving as clerk of the Vermont Court of Confiscation, Lyon was impeached by the Vermont Council of Censors for his failure to provide the state with records of the Court of Confiscation. Three days later, after an impeachment trial before both the council and the governor, Lyon was reprimanded and ordered by the court of impeachment to pay the expenses of the prosecution. It was additionally ordered by the court of impeachment that Lyon be fined 500 pounds if he failed to comply by delivering the documents. Lyon requested a new trial, and the Council obliged, again finding against him. There are no records that suggest that Lyon paid any of the fines he was ordered to, however.<ref>Multiple sources:

Template:Cite journal
{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Impeached1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Lyon was elected assistant judge of Rutland County in 1786 and was elected to again serve in the state house later the following year.<ref name="Impeached1"/>

Lyon also built and operated various kinds of mills in Fair Haven, including a gristmill, sawmill, and paper mill, in addition to an iron foundry.Template:Sfn In 1793, he started a printing office and published the Farmers' Library newspaper; though his son James was the nominal owner, Matthew Lyon oversaw the paper's management and supplied much of its content.<ref name=wcfl>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Refn The newspaper was later renamed to the Fair Haven Gazette, and was published until Lyon sold its works.<ref name=wcfhg>The Fair Haven Gazette and Poultney Journal. Fair Haven, Vt. Template:OCLC</ref> In 1794, Lyon sold the printing press and other equipment for the Gazette to Reverend Samuel Williams and Judge Samuel Williams of Rutland, who used it to found the Rutland Herald.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

CongressEdit

Lyon was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Second and Third Congresses.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He unsuccessfully contested the election of Israel Smith to the Fourth Congress.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Lyon won election as a Democratic-Republican to the Fifth and Sixth Congresses (March 4, 1797 – March 3, 1801); he was not a candidate for renomination in 1800.<ref name=miller51109/>

Altercation with Roger GriswoldEdit

File:Lyon-griswold-brawl.jpg

Political cartoon of Lyon (holding tongs) brawling with Roger Griswold

Lyon had the distinction of being one of the first two members investigated for a supposed violation of House rules when he was accused of "gross indecency" for spitting in Roger Griswold's face; Griswold was investigated for attacking Lyon in retaliation.

On January 30, 1798, the House was considering whether to remove William Blount of Tennessee from office.<ref name=miller63208/> Griswold was trying to attract Lyon's attention in order to have a dialogue on the issue, but Lyon was ignoring him on purpose, since they belonged to opposing political parties (Lyon was a Democratic-Republican and Griswold a Federalist).<ref name=miller63208/> Griswold finally lost his temper and insulted Lyon by calling him a scoundrel, which at the time was considered profanity.<ref name=miller63208/> Their clash escalated when Lyon declared himself willing to fight for the interest of the common man.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Mockingly, Griswold asked if Lyon would be using his wooden sword, a reference to Lyon's supposed dismissal from Gates' command during the Revolution.Template:Sfn Furious, Lyon spat tobacco juice on Griswold, earning himself the nickname "The Spitting Lyon".<ref name=repr/><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>

Lyon later apologized to the House as a whole, claiming he had not known it was in session when he confronted Griswold, and meant no breach of decorum or disrespect to the body; he also provided a written letter of apology.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Not satisfied with the apology, on February 15, 1798, Griswold retaliated by attacking Lyon with a wooden cane, beating him about the head and shoulders in view of other representatives on the House floor.<ref name=miller63208/><ref name=repr/> Lyon retreated to a fire pit and defended himself with the tongs until other Congressmen broke up the fight, with several pulling Griswold by his legs to get him to let go of Lyon.<ref name=miller63208>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name=repr>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Although the committee appointed to investigate recommended censure of both Lyon and Griswold, the House as a whole rejected the motion.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> The issue was resolved when both Lyon and Griswold promised the House that they would keep the peace and remain on good behavior.Template:Sfn

Imprisonment for seditionEdit

Template:CSS image crop Lyon also has the distinction of being the only person to be elected to Congress while in jail. On October 10, 1798, he was found guilty of violating the Alien and Sedition Acts,<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> which prohibited malicious writing about the American government as a whole, or of the houses of Congress, or of the president. During the Quasi War with France,<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Lyon was the first person to be put to trial for violating the acts after he published editorials criticizing Federalist President John Adams.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>

Lyon had launched his own newspaper, The Scourge of Aristocracy and Repository of Important Political Truth,<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> when the Rutland Herald refused to publish his writings. On October 1, Lyon printed an editorial which included charges that Adams had an "unbounded thirst for ridiculous pomp, foolish adulation, and selfish avarice," as well as the accusation that Adams had corrupted the Christian religion to further his war aims.<ref name="Bowerspg">Template:Harvnb</ref>Template:Refn<ref>e.g. Template:Cite journal</ref> Before the Alien and Sedition Acts had been passed, Lyon had also written a letter to Alden Spooner, the publisher of the Vermont Journal. In this letter, which Lyon wrote in response to criticism in the Journal, Lyon called the president "bullying," and the Senate's responses "stupid."<ref name="Bowerspg" />

Once the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed, the Federalists pushed for this letter to be printed in the Vermont Journal, which Spooner did, thus adding additional charges against Lyon.<ref name="Bowerspg" /> One other charge included publishing letters written by the poet Joel Barlow, which Lyon had read at political rallies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> These also were published prior to the Acts.<ref name="Bowerspg" /><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Lyon's defense was to be the unconstitutionality of the Acts, as Jeffersonians saw them as violating the First Amendment to the Constitution. In Lyon's particular case, there was the aforementioned letter to Alden Spooner as well as that of Barlow, which meant Lyon felt entitled to bring up the Constitution's safeguards against ex post facto laws.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="Trialof">Template:Cite journal</ref> This defense was not allowed.<ref name="Trialof" /><ref name="MillerCrisis">Template:Harvnb</ref>

File:William Paterson copy.jpg

Judge William Paterson (pictured) lamented being unable to give a harsher punishment.

Lyon was sentenced to four months in a Template:Convert jail cell used for felons, counterfeiters, thieves, and runaway slaves in Vergennes, and ordered to pay a $1,000 fine and court costs (Template:Inflation); Judge William Paterson lamented being unable to give a harsher punishment.<ref name="MillerCrisis" /> A bit of a resistance movement was created; the Green Mountain Boys even threatened to destroy the jail and might have done so if not for Lyon's urging peaceful resistance.<ref name="Bowerspg_a">Template:Harvnb</ref> While in jail, Lyon won election to the Sixth Congress by nearly doubling the votes of his closest adversary, 4,576 to 2,444.<ref name="Bowerspg_a" /> Upon his release, Lyon exclaimed to a crowd of supporters: "I am on my way to Philadelphia!"<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>

After years of effort by his heirs, in 1840 Congress passed a bill authorizing a refund of the fine Lyon incurred under the Alien and Sedition Acts and other expenses he accrued as the result of his imprisonment, plus interest.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Election of 1800Edit

In the election of 1800, the vote went to the House of Representatives because of a tie in electoral votes between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, who were supposed to have been the Democratic-Republican candidates for president and vice president respectively.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Many Federalists decided Burr as president was preferable to Jefferson.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

House members voted by state, with a majority required for a state's vote to be awarded, and a majority of nine states required to win.Template:Sfn During the first 35 ballots, Jefferson carried eight states and Burr six, with two states counted as "no result" because of a tie among their House members.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Vermont was one of the two "no result" states, because Lewis Morris voted for Burr and Lyon cast his ballot for Jefferson.Template:Sfn On the 36th ballot, several Federalists decided to break the impasse by allowing the election of Jefferson through either casting blank ballots or absenting themselves from the House chamber during the vote.Template:Sfn Morris was among the Federalists who took part; as a result of Morris's decision to be absent, Lyon's vote for Jefferson moved Vermont into his column.Template:Sfn Vermont was one of two states to switch from "no result" to Jefferson, and he carried 10 states on the final ballot; Lyon thus played an important role in Jefferson's victory.<ref name=coll491/>

Later careerEdit

KentuckyEdit

Lyon moved to Kentucky by 1801, settling in Eddyville in Livingston County, Kentucky (later Caldwell County and now Lyon County).<ref name=kent>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> He established a paper mill propelled by oxen and a distillery, and subsequently engaged in boat building.<ref name=kent/> Lyon also owned ten slaves in 1810.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Department of War employed him to build gunboats for the War of 1812.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> When the war ended, Lyon had on hand large quantities of wood and other supplies he had purchased at wartime prices for this endeavor; the government subsequently failed to honor its contract, and Lyon became bankrupt.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> He worked diligently to repair his finances, and by 1818 he had satisfied his debts and was again living in comfortable circumstances.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Return to CongressEdit

He became a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1802 and was elected to the 8th United States Congress and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1811).<ref name=coll491>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> He sought reelection in 1810 to the 12th Congress, but was unsuccessful.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

ArkansasEdit

After repaying his debts and recovering financially, but failing to obtain payment for his war of 1812 contract, Lyon solicited a federal appointment that would provide a salary and stability in his final years.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1820, President James Monroe, a friend and political supporter of Lyon's, appointed him United States factor to the Cherokee Nation in the Arkansas Territory.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> He again attempted to serve in Washington, D.C. by running for the Arkansas Territory's delegate seat in Congress against incumbent James Woodson Bates.<ref name=cong372/> He narrowly lost the election to serve in the 17th Congress (1,081 to 1,020), and then unsuccessfully contested the result.<ref name=cong372/> Lyon wrote to the House that the governor of the territory and other officials refused to allow him to inspect ballots and returns, or to have a hearing where he could call witnesses.<ref name=cong372>Template:Harvnb</ref> As a result, Lyon was unable to gather proof to support his claim to the seat.<ref name=cong372/> He withdrew his contest, and Bates continued to serve.<ref name=cong372/>

Death and burialEdit

Lyon died in Spadra Bluff, Crawford County, Arkansas (now within Clarksville, Johnson County, Arkansas) on August 1, 1822.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> He was initially interred in Spadra Bluff Cemetery, and in 1833 he was reinterred in Eddyville Cemetery.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>

Personal lifeEdit

Lyon was married twice. His first wife was Mary Horsford whom he married in 1772. She was the daughter of Samuel Horsford and Mary Grant and had been married previously to Daniel Allen, the uncle of Ethan Allen, until his death in 1772. She died in 1782.<ref name="Kleberpg">Template:Harvnb</ref> Lyon's second marriage was to Beulah M. Chittenden, the daughter of Thomas Chittenden, in 1784.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="Pruden">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

His son James (1776–1824) was a newspaper editor and publisher in Vermont and several southern states, and worked with both his father and James Thomson Callender.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Lyon's son Chittenden Lyon (1787–1842) was also a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1827–1835) from Kentucky.<ref name=kent/> His son Matthew (1792–1839) was the father of Confederate General Hylan B. Lyon of Lyon County, Kentucky.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>

His daughters Anne and Pamelia married John Messinger and George Cadwell, respectively, pioneers and politicians of Illinois.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref>

Lyon was also the great-grandfather of William Peters Hepburn, who represented Iowa in Congress.<ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> One of Lyon's descendants is the American operatic baritone Sherrill Milnes.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

According to research conducted by The Washington Post in 2022, Lyon was included in the list of more than 1,700 men who served in the U.S. Congress who owned slaves.<ref name=":0" />

LegacyEdit

In 2006, the post office in Fair Haven was named for Lyon.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2018, a concept album based on the life of Matthew Lyon, Spit'n Lyon was released. Music & Lyrics by John Daly, orchestration & recording by Greg Goldman, musical support from Neil Maurer.<ref name="Lyon 2019">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The World War II Liberty Ship Template:SS was named in his honor.