Parti bleu

Template:Short description Template:Otheruses Template:Infobox political party Template:Conservatism Canada The Parti bleu ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}, "Blue Party") was a political group that contested elections in the Eastern section of the Province of Canada.<ref name="Brief History of Canada book">Template:Cite book</ref> The Blue Party was ideologically located on the political right; it was also defined by its support for the Catholic Church, and later for supporting confederation.<ref name="Cornell">Template:Cite book</ref>

The party was formed in 1854 by conservative members of the former Reform movement, following in the tradition of Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Francis Hincks.<ref name="Cornell"/> The first leader of the Blue Party, George-Étienne Cartier, was the Premier of Canada East. The Parti bleu held majorities in Canada East uninterrupted from 1854 to 1867; the party often formed coalition governments with the English-speaking Conservatives from Canada East, and the Liberal-Conservative Party from Canada West. Their main electoral challenge came from the Parti rouge, a secularist left-wing party.<ref name="Mortality and Morality book">Template:Cite book</ref> After confederation in 1867, the party was dissolved; members became part of the Conservative Party of Quebec at the provincial level, and the Conservative Party of Canada federally.

HistoryEdit

The Reform Party was a broad movement, organized around achieving responsible government in the Province of Canada. Because responsible government was required to enact any form of self-government, it was supported by both liberals and conservatives who could not achieve their own policy aims without it.<ref name="Cornell"/> The Reform Party was thus able to draw in members from across the ideological spectrum. After 1848, when responsible government was introduced by the Imperial Government, the unifying policy of the movement had been achieved and the movement began to break down. By 1853, the government was unable to secure majorities on core legislation. By the time of election in 1854, the party had broken down into factions based on their ideological positions.<ref name ="Cornell"/><ref name="Careless">Template:Cite book</ref> The French-Canadian conservatives initially called themselves Ministerialists, in recognition of their support of the government and opposition of the Rouges and Liberals. By 1856, the Ministerialist faction had changed their name to Bleu.<ref name="Cornell"/>

The Ministerialists experienced electoral success in the Canadian general election, 1854. They won 35 seats in Canada East, forming the largest group out of the Eastern members.<ref name="Cornell"/> Their strong electoral performance allowed them to form a coalition government with the Canada West Conservatives led by Allan MacNab. Sir Étienne-Paschal Taché was the first leader of the Ministerialist group, but was replaced by George-Étienne Cartier as the Blue Party was formed. The coalition between the Canada West Conservatives and Blue Party began the Liberal-Conservative tradition of government in the province.

After the 1858 election, the Blue Party and Eastern-Canadian Conservatives became the largest group in the Legislative Assembly; they formed a coalition government with the Canada West Conservatives as the larger partner. Canada West had returned a majority of Liberal members, but the large majority commanded by the Blue Party and Conservatives in Canada East prevented the Liberals from taking power.<ref name="Cornell"/> The number of factions in the legislature made it difficult to secure majorities on government legislation, forcing the Blue-Conservative coalition out for a four-day period in 1858 after losing a non-confidence vote.<ref name="Careless"/> However, the new Liberal-Rouge government was unable to secure a majority in the Legislative Assembly, and the Blue Party reformed a ministry with the Conservatives.

IdeologyEdit

The Blue Party was ideologically moderate, established from the former reformers in Canada East. The party supported Confederation, the role of the Catholic Church in Canadian society, and the dismantling of the seigneurial system.<ref name="Morton">Template:Cite book</ref> The Blue Party was opposed to the anti-clerical and republican positions of the Parti rouge.

LeadersEdit

Picture	Name	Term start	Term end	Notes
File:Étienne-Paschal Taché.jpg	Sir Étienne-Paschal Taché	27 January 1855	26 November 1857	Used the "Ministerialist" party label during first term
File:George-Étienne Cartier.jpg	Sir George-Étienne Cartier	26 November 1857	24 May 1864	First leader using the "Bleu" party label
File:Étienne-Paschal Taché.jpg	Sir Étienne-Paschal Taché	30 May 1864	30 July 1865	Senior statesman to lead the Great Coalition government; died in office
File:Sir Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau.jpg	Sir Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau	30 July 1865	30 June 1867	Appointed Lieutenant Governor of Quebec after Confederation

TimelineEdit

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ReferencesEdit