List of thermodynamic properties

In thermodynamics, a physical property is any property that is measurable, and whose value describes a state of a physical system. Thermodynamic properties are defined as characteristic features of a system, capable of specifying the system's state. Some constants, such as the ideal gas constant, Template:Mvar, do not describe the state of a system, and so are not properties. On the other hand, some constants, such as Template:Mvar (the freezing point depression constant, or cryoscopic constant), depend on the identity of a substance, and so may be considered to describe the state of a system, and therefore may be considered physical properties.

"Specific" properties are expressed on a per mass basis. If the units were changed from per mass to, for example, per mole, the property would remain as it was (i.e., intensive or extensive).

Regarding work and heat

Work and heat are not thermodynamic properties, but rather process quantities: flows of energy across a system boundary. Systems do not contain work, but can perform work, and likewise, in formal thermodynamics, systems do not contain heat, but can transfer heat. Informally, however, a difference in the energy of a system that occurs solely because of a difference in its temperature is commonly called heat, and the energy that flows across a boundary as a result of a temperature difference is "heat".

Altitude (or elevation) is usually not a thermodynamic property. Altitude can help specify the location of a system, but that does not describe the state of the system. An exception would be if the effect of gravity need to be considered in order to describe a state, in which case altitude could indeed be a thermodynamic property.

Thermodynamic properties and their characteristics

Property	Symbol	Units	Extensive?	Intensive?	Conjugate	Potential?
Activity	Template:Mvar	Template:Spaced ndash		Template:Aye
Chemical potential	Template:Mvar	kJ/mol		Template:Aye	Particle number Template:Mvar
Compressibility (adiabatic)	Template:Mvar, Template:Mvar	Pa−1		Template:Aye
Compressibility (isothermal)	Template:Mvar, Template:Mvar	Pa−1		Template:Aye
Cryoscopic constant<ref>Template:Citation</ref>	Template:Mvar	K·kg/mol		Template:Aye
Density	Template:Mvar	kg/m3		Template:Aye
Ebullioscopic constant	Template:Mvar	K·kg/mol		Template:Aye
Enthalpy	Template:Mvar	J	Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Template:Space Specific enthalpy	Template:Mvar	J/kg		Template:Aye
Entropy	Template:Mvar	J/K	Template:Aye		Temperature Template:Mvar	Template:Aye (entropic)
Template:Space Specific entropy	Template:Mvar	J/(kg K)		Template:Aye
Fugacity	Template:Mvar	N/m2		Template:Aye
Gibbs free energy	Template:Mvar	J	Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Template:Space Specific Gibbs free energy	Template:Mvar	J/kg		Template:Aye
Gibbs free entropy	Template:Math	J/K	Template:Aye			Template:Aye (entropic)
Grand / Landau potential	Template:Math	J	Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Heat capacity (constant pressure)	Template:Mvar	J/K	Template:Aye
Template:Space Specific heat capacity Template:Space(constant pressure)	Template:Mvar	J/(kg·K)		Template:Aye
Heat capacity (constant volume)	Template:Mvar	J/K	Template:Aye
Template:Space Specific heat capacity Template:Space(constant volume)	Template:Mvar	J/(kg·K)		Template:Aye
Helmholtz free energy	Template:Mvar, Template:Mvar	J	Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Helmholtz free entropy	Template:Math	J/K	Template:Aye			Template:Aye (entropic)
Internal energy	Template:Mvar	J	Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Template:Space Specific internal energy	Template:Mvar	J/kg		Template:Aye
Internal pressure	Template:Mvar	Pa		Template:Aye
Mass	Template:Mvar	kg	Template:Aye
Particle number	Template:Mvar	Template:Spaced ndash	Template:Aye		Chemical potential Template:Mvar
Pressure	Template:Mvar	Pa		Template:Aye	Volume Template:Mvar
Temperature	Template:Mvar	K		Template:Aye	Entropy Template:Mvar
Thermal conductivity	Template:Mvar	W/(m·K)		Template:Aye
Thermal diffusivity	Template:Mvar	m2/s		Template:Aye
Thermal expansion (linear)	Template:Mvar	K−1		Template:Aye
Thermal expansion (area)	Template:Mvar	K−1		Template:Aye
Thermal expansion (volumetric)	Template:Mvar	K−1		Template:Aye
Vapor quality<ref name=boles>Template:Cite book</ref>	Template:Mvar	Template:Spaced ndash		Template:Aye
Volume	Template:Mvar	m3	Template:Aye		Pressure Template:Mvar
Template:Spaces Specific volume	Template:Mvar	m3/kg		Template:Aye

See also

• Conjugate variables
• Dimensionless numbers
• Intensive and extensive properties
• Thermodynamic databases for pure substances
• Thermodynamic variable