In philosophy, absolute theory (or absolutism)<ref name=SEP/> usually refers to a theory based on concepts (such as the concept of space) that exist independently of other concepts and objects. The absolute point of view was advocated in physics by Isaac Newton.<ref name=SEP>"Absolute and Relational Theories of Space and Motion" (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)</ref> It is one of the traditional views of space along with relational theory and the Kantian theory.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref>
OverviewEdit
According to the absolute theory of space, it is a homogeneous structure which exists and is independent of other things.<ref name=":0" /> The Newtonian arguments of this theory, particularly those concerned with the ontological status of space and time, had been related to the existence of God through the concepts of absolute space and absolute time.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref> It was proposed that the universe was finite in extent and was said to have begun in time.<ref name=":1" /> Additionally, space exists prior to the body or matter that occupies it and it was held that the universe – as a finite object – is situated within it.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref>
The theory was also promoted by Newton's followers including Samuel Clarke and Roger Cotes during the 17th and 18th centuries.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Related theoriesEdit
An absolute theory is the opposite of a relational theory.<ref name="SEP"/> Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, the main proponent of relational theory, argued that there is no absolute space and time.<ref name=":2" /> He maintained that space is not independent nor a container of the matter that occupies it, explaining that physical objects or forces are ordered spatially and that space is merely a system of relations.<ref name=":2" /> According to the relational theory, without objects, there is no space.
Martin Heidegger's theory of space also opposes the absolute theory, with the criticism that it is founded on metaphysical dichotomy of separated subject and object.<ref name=":0" /> He maintained that this nature keeps absolute theory from explaining the true nature of space.