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Rutilus, commonly known as roaches, is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related fishes. This genus is a widely distributed lineage of leuciscids and ranges from West Europe to East Siberia.<ref name=FB>{{#invoke:Cite taxon|main|fishbase|genus=|species=|subspecies=}}</ref>
TaxonomyEdit
Rutilus was first proposed as a genus in 1820 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque with Cyprinus rutilus designated as the type species but also the type species by absolute tautonymy.<ref name = "Cof family"/> Cyprinus rutilus was first formally described in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae by Carl Linnaeus with "European lakes" given as the type locality.<ref name = "Cof genus">Template:Cof genus</ref>
In a phylogeographic study, Levin et al. (2017) argue that the Ponto-Caspian taxa including R. caspicus, R. heckelii and R. stoumboudae could represent a single widespread species whose range extends to Siberia, to be named Rutilus lacustris, whereas R. kutum is included in R. frisii. <ref name=Levin2017>Levin, B.A., Simonov, E.P., Ermakov, O.A., Levina, M.A., Interesova, E.A., Kovalchuk, O.M., Malinina, Y.A., Mamilov, N.S., Mustafayev, N.J., Pilin, D.V., Pozdeev, I.V., Prostakov, N.I., Roubenyan, H.R., Titov, S.V. & Vekhov, D.A. (2017): Phylogeny and phylogeography of the roaches, genus Rutilus (Cyprinidae), at the Eastern part of its range as inferred from mtDNA analysis. Hydrobiologia, 788 (1): 33–46.</ref>
The genera Leucos and Sarmarutilus have been recently separated from Rutilus and are closely related to it.<ref name=Bianco2014>Template:Cite journal</ref>
EtymologyEdit
Rutilus was chosen as the genus name by tautonymy with Cyprinus rutilus, rutilus means red, golden red and reddish yellow and is an allusion to the red colour of the fins.<ref name = ETYFish>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
SpeciesEdit
Rutilus contains the following valid species:<ref name = "Cof genus"/>
- Rutilus atropatenus Derjavin, 1937 (Azerbaijani spring roach)
- Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev, 1870) (Caspian roach)
- Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840) (Black Sea roach)
- Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann, 1840)
- Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901) (Kutum)
- Rutilus lacustris (Pallas, 1814) (Pontic roach)
- Rutilus meidingeri (Heckel, 1851) (Pearlfish)
- Rutilus pigus (Lacepède, 1803) (Pigo)
- Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Common roach)
- Rutilus sojuchbulagi Abdurakhmanov, 1950 (Akstafa spring roach)
- Rutilus virgo (Heckel, 1852) (Cactus roach)
CharacteristicsEdit
Rutilus, according to Rafinesque, was characterised by "Vent posterior nearer to the tail. Abdominal fins with nine rays. Mouth large and with lips. Scales large."<ref name = Rafinesque>Template:Cite journal</ref> The smallest species in the genus is R. atropatenus with a maximum total length of Template:Cvt,<ref name = Fishbase>{{#invoke:Cite taxon|main|fishbase|genus=|species=|subspecies=}}</ref> while the largest are R. frisii and R. meidingeri with a maximum total length of Template:Cvt.<ref name = Fishbase2>{{#invoke:Cite taxon|main|fishbase|genus=|species=|subspecies=}}</ref>
DistributionEdit
Rutilus is a widely distributed genus of leuciscids and fishes from this genus are found from Western Europe to Eastern Siberia.<ref name = Levin>Template:Cite journal</ref>