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Cycloneuralia is a proposed clade of ecdysozoan animals including the Scalidophora (Kinorhynchans, Loriciferans, Priapulids), the Nematoida (nematodes, Nematomorphs), and the extinct Palaeoscolecida.<ref name="urlarticulata">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="pmid18192181">Template:Cite journal</ref> It may be paraphyletic, or may be a sister group to Panarthropoda. Or perhaps Panarthropoda is paraphyletic with respect to Cycloneuralia.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The group has also been considered a single phylum, sometimes given the old name Nemathelminthes.<ref name="A revised six-kingdom system of life">Template:Cite journal</ref> The uniting character is the nervous system organization with a circumpharyngeal brain and somata–neuropil–somata pattern.<ref>The neuromuscular system of Pycnophyes kielensis (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy - EvoDevo</ref> The name derives from the position of the brain around the pharynx.<ref name="urlExplanations.html">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>