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Canopy Group

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use list-defined references {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other{{#invoke:Check for clobbered parameters|check|nested=1|template=Infobox company|cat=Template:Main other|name; company_name|logo; company_logo|logo_alt; alt|trade_name; trading_name|former_names; former_name|type; company_type|predecessors; predecessor|successors; successor|foundation; founded|founders; founder|defunct; dissolved|hq_location; location|hq_location_city; location_city|hq_location_country; location_country|num_locations; locations|areas_served; area_served|net_income; profit|net_income_year; profit_year|owners; owner |homepage; website }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox company with unknown parameter "_VALUE_" | ignoreblank=y | alt | area_served | areas_served | assets | assets_year | aum | brands | company_logo | company_name | company_type | defunct | dissolved | divisions | embed | equity | equity_year | fate | footnotes | former_name | former_names | foundation | founded | founder | founders | genre | homepage | hq_location | hq_location_city | hq_location_country | incorporated | image | image_alt | image_caption | image_size | image_upright | income_year | industry | ISIN | key_people | location | location_city | location_country | locations | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_class | logo_size | logo_upright | members | members_year | module | name | native_name | native_name_lang | net_income | net_income_year | num_employees | num_employees_year | num_locations | num_locations_year | operating_income | owner | owners | parent | predecessor | predecessors | production | production_year | products | profit | profit_year | rating | ratio | revenue | revenue_year | romanized_name | services | subsid | successor | successors | traded_as | trade_name | trading_name | type | website| qid | fetchwikidata | suppressfields | noicon | nocat | demo | categories }} The Canopy Group is an American investment and property management firm founded by Ray Noorda in 1995 through the Noorda Family Trust. It is headquartered in Lindon, Utah. At various times it has consisted of, or been known as, Canopy Technologies, Canopy Properties, and Canopy Ventures.

The Canopy Group served as the parent company of various start-up technology companies. It was one of the first venture capital firms in the Utah area and, investing in over a hundred such companies, became a pioneer in the Utah high-technology space. One of the most well-known companies it invested in was The SCO Group. Canopy divested itself of SCO in 2005 with the settlement of the Yarro case.

In 2011, Canopy's technology venture arm was purchased by Signal Peak Ventures.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Today, Canopy provides real estate and rental space to high-tech companies.

HistoryEdit

BackgroundEdit

As its chief executive during the 1980s and early 1990s, Ray Noorda had taken the software company Novell to a dominant position in the network operating system space<ref name="NW_FR_2001"/> and in so doing became a personal computer industry pioneer.<ref name="NYT_Lineo_2003"/> As a result, Noorda had a reported worth in the hundreds of millions of dollars.<ref name="dh-1995-e"/><ref name="WSJ_FR_2005"/>

The origins of the Canopy Group date to 1992, when Noorda created NFT Ventures as an arm of the Noorda Family Trust.<ref name="dh-1995-e"/> NFT Ventures invested in a number of firms and helped to guide them.<ref name="dh-1995-e"/> Through NFT Ventures and other means, Noorda had invested in several dozen start-up firms overall by 1995.<ref name="ap-1995"/> In part, Noorda was interested in the venture capital business as a way to increase the funds that he could donate to Noorda Family Trust charities,<ref name="ZDN_settlement_2005"/> but he was also interested in making his home state of Utah a place where entrepreneurs could thrive.<ref name="DeseretNews-1"/>

Early yearsEdit

Noorda retired from Novell in 1994.<ref name="slt-1997"/> In 1995, The Canopy Group was founded as a venture capital firm.<ref name="NW_FR_2001"/><ref name="crn_mergers_1997"/> (Some sources place the founding of the Canopy Group as having happened in 1992,<ref name="DN_FR_2005"/> but this may be a reference to the predecessor origins.) Venture capitalists were relatively uncommon at the time in Utah,<ref name="Mims_2005"/> for reasons both geographic and cultural.<ref name="slt_vc_1998"/>

Some of Noorda's investments were in technologies or strategies that he thought Novell should be involved in but was not,<ref name="NW_FR_2001"/> or were in companies whose products supported Novell's products or vice versa.<ref name="slt-1997"/> These companies included Coresoft Technologies, KeyLabs Inc., Vinca Corp., and Helius Inc.<ref name="slt-1997"/> Another early Canopy Group investment was Nombas,<ref name="PR_Nombas_1996"/> which unlike the others was located in the eastern portion of the country.<ref name="slt-1997"/> In addition the ups and downs of Novell's fortunes led to executives or projects departing it and new companies being formed, some of which Canopy funded.<ref name="crn_mergers_1997"/>

Subsequently the Canopy Group shifted its Novell-specific focus to one that was more geared towards open source software and network infrastructure projects in general.<ref name="NW_FR_2001"/> Noorda had an early interest in the potential of Linux and Canopy financed Caldera, Inc. starting in 1995. <ref name="ZDN_settlement_2005"/> He subsequently financed several other Linux-related companies as well,<ref name="NYT_Lineo_2003"/> such as Lineo and Linux Networx.<ref name="NW_FR_2001"/> Noorda and Canopy would still maintain an interest in some Novell affairs, however: in March 1998 the group's webpage indicated that the Novell Family Trust's 7.37 percent of Novell shares would be voted to withhold approval from most of the Novell board of directors running for re-election.<ref name="SLT_board_1998"/>

In June 1995, Noorda announced the creation of Canopy Technologies, which would provide marketing, distribution, and management services to small software companies.<ref name="ap-1995"/><ref name="dh-1995-e"/><ref name="dh-1995"/> An early client of Canopy Technologies was Caldera, Inc.<ref name="ap-1995"/> Canopy Technologies, which was based in Orem, Utah, would use an outsourcing model and take advantage of Noorda's network of firms and know-how.<ref name="dh-1995"/> In 1996, Canopy Technologies, in league with Bain Capital, placed a bid to buy the WordPerfect division from Novell<ref name="dh_wp_2005"/> (the head of Canopy Technologies was Craig Bradley, a former WordPerfect executive).<ref name="dh-1995-e"/> However, Corel Corporation's bid was accepted instead.<ref name="PR_Corel_1996"/>

In 1996, Ralph J. Yarro III was named as the general manager of The Canopy Group.<ref name="DN_FR_2005"/><ref name="crn_mergers_1997"/> By 1998, the Canopy Group was invested in 24 different companies which in turn employed a total of around 1,000 people.<ref name="slt_vc_1998"/> Noorda became Utah's most prominent venture capitalist.<ref name="WSJ_FR_2005"/> However unlike many venture capital firms, the Canopy Group under Noorda was not focused on reaching an exit strategy for its investments; instead, Yarro, said, Noorda "does it because he enjoys it, and he has the ability, both intellectually and financially, to pull it off."<ref name="slt_vc_1998"/> By the early 2000s, the Canopy Group had invested in dozens of companies,<ref name="DN_FR_2005"/> with 35 firms on its active roll as of 2003.<ref name="fortune-2003"/>

Besides investments and management activities, the Canopy Group was also active in provided buildings for technology companies to host their offices in.<ref name="e_c5_2006"/> Their campus for these buildings was in Lindon, Utah.<ref name="e_c5_2006"/> While some of the tenants of these buildings were companies Canopy had invested in, including the data center provider ViaWest, over half of the tenants were not related to Canopy.<ref name="e_c5_2006"/>

Involvement with The SCO GroupEdit

File:SCO Group offices in Linden Utah December 2002.jpg
The Canopy Group was both an investor in, and a building provider for, The SCO Group, here seen in the Canopy II building in 2002

One of the Canopy Group's tenants, and a company they had 43 percent ownership of, was The SCO Group.<ref name="fortune-2003"/> This was the renamed form of Caldera International with a new management team and approach.<ref name="NW_FR_2001"/><ref name="NYT_Lineo_2003"/> By 2003, the SCO Group was receiving large amounts of attention due to the SCO v. IBM lawsuit and the surrounding SCO–Linux controversies,<ref name="DN_FR_2005_2"/> in which it said that Linux had infringed upon the intellectual property rights of the Unix operating system that the SCO Group owned via its predecessor company The Santa Cruz Operation.<ref name="NYT_Lineo_2003"/><ref name="Mims_2005"/> Much of industry opinion was against the SCO Group's legal actions.<ref name="R_settlement_2005"/> In particular reaction from the free and open source software community was intense and the SCO Group soon became, as Businessweek headlined, "The Most Hated Company In Tech".<ref name="bw-hated"/>

As majority owner in the SCO Group with two seats on SCO's board, the Canopy Group received substantial criticism as well.<ref name="CW_shell_2003"/><ref name="NYT_Lineo_2003"/><ref name="Mims_2005"/> For instance, in July 2003, Fortune magazine emphasized the role that the Canopy Group was playing and called Yarro the "mastermind" behind the SCO v. IBM action.<ref name="fortune-2003"/> Columnist Frank Hayes of Computerworld examined how the SCO Group was acquiring Vultus Inc., another company controlled by Canopy, and concluded that Canopy was playing "a shell game ... to move its companies around" in order to exploit and cash in on the SCO Group's rising stock price.<ref name="CW_shell_2003"/> And in October 2013, a New York Times story said that Canopy "has played an important role ... in shaping SCO's legal strategy" and quoted Laura Didio, analyst for the Yankee Group, as saying "All roads lead to Canopy. They've been pretty clever in the way they've played this."<ref name="NYT_Lineo_2003"/>

Canopy Group companies had been involved in two earlier legal actions, the winning Caldera v. Microsoft suit, which resulted in a favorable settlement in the neighborhood of $250 million,<ref name="fortune-2003"/> as well as a successful action on behalf of its Center 7 company against Computer Associates.<ref name="NYT_Lineo_2003"/> Yarro said, "Intellectual property is everything. It's like location in real estate."<ref name="fortune-2003"/> But he reported that back in his home area in Utah, "I have had friends, good friends, tell me they can't believe what we're doing."<ref name="bw-hated"/> So to criticism regarding its role with the SCO Group, Yarro said, "I know I've been painted in a rough light. I hope that our companies are our legacy and not our lawsuits."<ref name="NYT_Lineo_2003"/>

Yarro caseEdit

Even when he was with Novell, Noorda had begun experiencing some memory lapses, a condition that was confirmed publicly at the time.<ref name="NYT_Noorda_1993"/> By 2004, the 80-year-old Noorda was suffering from Alzheimer's disease, and a bitter fight broke out between Noorda family members and Canopy Group executives.<ref name="WSJ_FR_2005"/>

On 17 December 2004, Noorda and other shareholders ousted chief executive Yarro, chief financial officer Darcy Mott, and corporate counsel Brent Christensen, accusing them of having taken amounts of at least $25 million from Canopy Group through "a series of self-dealing and wasteful transactions".<ref name="DN_FR_2005"/> Yarro and the other executives sued in the Utah District Courts for $100 million for wrongful termination, claiming that Noorda had been unduly influenced, and Canopy countersued the three men.<ref name="DN_FR_2005"/><ref name="Mims_2005"/> Each of the opposing parties in the lawsuits accused the other of taking advantage of Noorda's diminished state.<ref name="R_settlement_2005"/>

On 8 March 2005, the day before initial hearings were scheduled to begin, both parties negotiated a settlement out of court, ending the litigation.<ref name="DN_FR_2005_2"/> Yarro, Mott, and Christensen remained terminated, but an undisclosed amount of money was paid by the Canopy Group to them.<ref name="DN_FR_2005_2"/> Canopy agreed to relinquish ownership of all its 5.49 million shares in The SCO Group, transferring them to Yarro along with an undisclosed sum of money.<ref name="DN_FR_2005_2"/> Yarro thus became The SCO Group's largest shareholder, owning about a third of it, and kept his title as chairman of its board.<ref name="DN_FR_2005_2"/> While SCO remained a tenant in a Canopy Group building, there was no further connection between the two firms.<ref name="DN_FR_2005_2"/> Yarro, Mott, and Christensen resigned from any other Canopy companies they had been involved with.<ref name="ZDN_settlement_2005"/>

Outside of Utah, much of the news of the conflict and settlement was filtered through its possible effect on the SCO Group and SCO's battle against Linux.<ref name="ZDN_settlement_2005"/><ref name="R_settlement_2005"/>

But locally, there was an acute additional sense of loss around the conflict.<ref name="Mims_2005"/> There was the scene of people squabbling amidst a computer industry pioneer's prolonged decline.<ref name="SLT_FR_2005"/><ref name="Mims_2005"/> And, as the Salt Lake Tribune wrote, "Suicides have ended up becoming the tragic bookends for the bitter struggle to control Utah's Canopy Group."<ref name="SLT_FR_2005"/> The first was when Robert L. Penrose, Canopy's director of information systems and technology, died of suicide in December 2004, days after becoming distraught at the ouster of Yarro and the others, and the second was when Ray Noorda's daughter Val Noorda Kreidel, one of the major participants in the lawsuits, died of suicide in March 2005, less than a week after the settlement was reached.<ref name="SLT_FR_2005"/> Looking at the whole situation, the CEO of Altiris, once a Canopy company, said, "Is this a tragedy or not? Ray Noorda and Canopy ... were key to our success. In 1998, they took the risk and invested in a little company out in Lindon, Utah, when [others] would not."<ref name="Mims_2005"/>

Subsequent activitiesEdit

File:Canopy Group Buildings I and II.jpg
The Canopy I and Canopy II buildings in Lindon, Utah, as seen in 2005

Following Yarro's removal from the Canopy Group, Canopy subsequently appointed John Noorda and Andy Noorda, Ray Noorda's sons, to the Canopy Board of Directors. Following those appointments, John Noorda and Andy Noorda assumed control of the Canopy Group. William Mustard took over as CEO of the Canopy Group.<ref name="DH_FR_2006"/> However, there was little public activity for the next year or so,<ref name="DH_FR_2006"/> and companies with Canopy investments were unsure of what the future held.<ref name="Mims_2005"/> There were doubts expressed by some industry observers that the Canopy Group would even survive.<ref name="Mims_2005"/>

The Canopy Group at one point owned a 5.7 percent stake in Trolltech, the company which developed the Qt toolkit. After a round of investments, they withdrew those investments.<ref name="Groklaw_2005_Trolltech"/> Canopy also divested itself of interests in Altiris by 2005.<ref name="Mims_2005"/>

They then hired Ron Heinz of Canopy portfolio company Helius, a provider of satellite Internet technology, as managing director. Prior to his stint at Helius, Heinz was formerly the head of North American Sales for Novell and was responsible for building one of the Canopy Group's profitable ventures.<ref name="Canopy_2007_Ventures"/> Brandon Tidwell became the other managing partner.<ref name="DN_CVII_2008"/> Under this new leadership, the group looked to revitalize its portfolio, take a more public role towards early seed funding, and actively invest in Utah high technology companies and their development again.<ref name="DH_FR_2006"/><ref name="dn_ventures_2006"/>

Accordingly, around 2006, Canopy Venture Partners was created.<ref name="dn_ventures_2006"/> This entity launched the Canopy Ventures I portfolio of companies,<ref name="dn_ventures_2006"/> which invested in software and other technology companies in the Web 2.0 and network security spaces among others.<ref name="DN_CVII_2008"/> In September 2006 the Canopy Group made a major investment in Solera Networks, a network security forensics firm founded in 2004 and headed by former Caldera and Lineo co-founder Bryan Sparks; it was the first investment of any significance that Canopy had made in two years.<ref name="DH_Solera_2006"/>

Ray Noorda died in October 2006 after his long battle with Alzheimer's.<ref name="DeseretNews-1"/> By then, the Canopy Group had invested in a total of over a hundred start-up companies.<ref name="DeseretNews-1"/> And it was no longer unique, as a number of other important venture capital firms were operating in Utah as well.<ref name="Mims_2005"/><ref name="DN_CVII_2008"/>

In 2008, the Canopy Ventures II portfolio was announced.<ref name="DN_CVII_2008"/> This had a $100 million investment fund behind it, the largest in the Canopy Group's history, consisting of proceeds from the sale of Canopy Ventures I companies as well as new monies from the Noorda family.<ref name="DN_CVII_2008"/> Canopy Ventures II invested not just in the kind of computer-related technology companies it had in the past but also in technology-focused life sciences companies.<ref name="DN_CVII_2008"/> By 2011, the two portfolio funds had invested in a total of eighteen companies and exited from six of them, and according to Heinz the companies involved had gotten through the Great Recession reasonably well.<ref name="tr_interview_2011"/>

In 2011, the Canopy Group decided to exit the venture capital business and focus solely on its building management and real estate holdings business.<ref name="tr_interview_2011"/> Accordingly its technology venture arm was purchased by Signal Peak Ventures, a firm founded by Heinz, Tidwell, and others who had worked at Canopy Group.<ref name="PEHub_2011"/> Ten companies that had been funded by the Canopy Ventures portfolios moved over to funding from the new venture.<ref name="tr_interview_2011"/> Signal Peak Ventures has continued operations into the 2020s.<ref name="spv_2021"/>

The Canopy Group had stayed active in the building space as well, deciding in 2005 to add a fifth building to its Lindon campus.<ref name="e_c5_2006"/> Canopy Properties, which employs Cushman & Wakefield for its building services, has continued on into the 2020s with its five-building campus in Lindon.<ref name="CP_mainpage_2021"/>

List of companies Canopy had investments inEdit

The companies that the Canopy Group had investments in included the following:


ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

Further readingEdit

External linksEdit

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